一、關系詞引導的定語從句

定語從句中選擇關系詞的唯一依據(jù)是看關系詞所代指的先行詞在定語從句中充當什么成分。而不是看先行詞是什么詞性。

1. 如果作主語或動詞的賓語，則選用關系代詞，如果作狀語，則選擇相應的關系副詞。

例如：

① He worked in the factory which produces TV sets.

② He worked in the factory where his father had worked.

句①中先行詞the factory在定語從句中作主語，所以用關系代詞which，句②中先行詞the factory在定語從句中作地點狀語，所以用where。

2. 選用關系詞的方法：一“找”二“還”三“替換”

找：就是先把句子分為主句和從句兩部分，再找出先行詞（定語從句所修飾的詞）和關系詞（連接定語從句和先行詞的詞）。

還：根據(jù)先行詞提示的意思，大膽地把定語從句還原為完整的一句話。（可以適當添詞）

替換：用關系詞替換定語從句中還原后添加的部分，作主語和賓語用關系代詞，作狀語用關系副詞。（時間狀語用when，地點狀語用where， 原因狀語用why）。

例如：

① This is the school I once studied.

② This is the school is the most famous in the city.

找：根據(jù)句意和句子結構，確定先行詞為the school。需要填入的則是連接先行詞和后面從句的關系詞。

還原：根據(jù)先行詞的提示，這兩句話的定語從句還原成完整的一句話后分別為：

I once studied at the school.

The school is the most famous in the city.

（斜體部分為根據(jù)先行詞的意思把關系詞還原后的部分）

替換：根據(jù)還原后的句意，句①中先行詞the school在定語從句中作地點狀語，所以用where， 句②中先行詞the school在定語從句中作主語，所以用which / that。

二、“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句

1. 當關系代詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時，應用“介詞+關系代詞”的結構，如果指人，用“介詞+whom”；如果指物，用“介詞+which”。介詞后面的關系代詞 which， whom 不能省略，也不能被that， who 代替。例如：

① Do you like the book for which I paid 20 dollars？

你喜歡我付了20美元買的那本書嗎？

② Mr. Smith is a teacher from whom I have learnt a lot.

史密斯先生是一個讓我從他身上學到好多東西的老師。

2. 在定語從句中，介詞也可以放在定語從句的后面，此時作賓語的關系代詞which， whom 可以被that 或者 who 替換，也可以省略。例如：

① Mr. Jason is a kind person with whom I talked just now.

= Mr. Jason is a kind person （whom / who） I talked with just now.

② The book in which I am interested is Harry Potter.

= The book （which / that） I am interested in is Harry Potter.

3.“介詞+關系代詞”中介詞的選擇

1） 根據(jù)定語從句中的動詞或形容詞與介詞的搭配確定。

The West Lake， for which Hangzhou is famous， is worth visiting.

2） 根據(jù)先行詞和介詞的搭配來確定。

Tom lives in a big house in which there is a cherry tree.

3） 根據(jù)定語從句所表達的意思來確定。

Water， without which man cant live， has been seriously polluted.

4） 表示“所屬關系”或“整體與部分”關系時，用介詞of，形式通常為：名詞、不定代詞或數(shù)詞+of+which / whom.

I sent him a good book， the name of which is Gone with the Wind.

5） 當先行詞是way且在從句中作狀語時，用 in which 或 that 引導定語從句，通常 in which 或 that 可省略。

I dont like the way （that / in which） he spoke to his parents.

三、鞏固練習

1. This is the house I lived when I was young.

A. whichB. that

C. in whichD. as

2. Jane is my best friend I borrowed an Apple Watch， and I have kept it for three weeks.

A. from whichB. from whom

C. to whichD. to whom

3. The house I grew up has been taken down and replaced by an office building.

A. in itB. in

C. in thatD. in which

4. Is this the reason he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work？

A. thatB. what

C. howD. why

5. Is this the reason he was so careless in his work？

A. thatB. what

C. howD. why

6. The reason he didnt come was he was ill.

A. why； thatB. that； why

C. for that； thatD. for which； what

7. He lives in a village is not far from the city.

A. whichB. where

C. whatD. whose

8. He lives in the village he was born.

A. whichB. where

C. whatD. whose

9. In an hour， we travel to places could have taken our ancestors days to reach.

A. whereB. when

C. whichD. what

10. In an hour， we travel to places we can relax and get refreshed.

A. whereB. when

C. whichD. what

11. Ill never forget the days we spent together.

A. thatB. /

C. whenD. A and B

12. I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.

A. asB. why

C. whenD. where

13. If we want to have a bright future， we must learn to act in ways do not do harm to other living things.

A. in whichB. /

C. howD. that

14. Is this the factory color TV sets are produced？

A. whenB. the one where

C. thatD. in which

15. Is this factory color TV sets are produced？

A. whichB. the one where

C. thatD. in which

參考答案

1—5 CBBAD6—10 AABCA11—15 DCDDB

（作者：殷華新，泰州市第三高級中學）