黎恒明+楊苗苗
摘 要:為了評(píng)價(jià)漢江中游典型小流域土壤有效鋅的分布特征,利用網(wǎng)格法分3層在余姐河小流域采集土樣,共采集207個(gè)樣點(diǎn)。基于地統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法和Kriging插值法,結(jié)合坡向?qū)ν寥烙行т\含量空間變異特征進(jìn)行研究,并進(jìn)行了豐缺評(píng)價(jià)。結(jié)果表明:隨著土層深度的增加,土壤有效鋅含量逐漸降低;經(jīng)方差檢驗(yàn),僅0~10 cm土層土壤有效鋅含量存在顯著性差異;林地0~10、20~40 cm土層土壤有效鋅含量與坡向呈顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系;草地0~10 cm土層土壤有效鋅含量與坡向呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,10~20、20~40 cm土層呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系;該流域0~10 cm土壤有效鋅儲(chǔ)量為45.42 kg,土壤有效鋅儲(chǔ)量從大到小依次為林地、農(nóng)地、草地;根據(jù)土壤有效態(tài)微量元素平均密度綜合評(píng)價(jià)指數(shù),該流域土壤有效鋅處于豐富水平。
關(guān)鍵詞:有效鋅;空間變異;地統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué);Kriging插值法;土地利用方式;坡向;漢江
中圖分類號(hào):S153.6 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A
文章編號(hào):1672-6561(2016)05-0700-08
Abstract: In order to evaluate the distribution characteristics of soil available zinc in a typical small watershed of the middle Hanjiang River, the 207 soil samples were collected with the depths of 0-10, 10-20, 20-40 cm in Yujiehe small watershed by the means of grid method. Based on geostatistics and Kriging interpolation, combined with the effect of aspect, the spatial variation characteristics of soil available zinc were discussed, and the abundance of soil available zinc was evaluated. The results show that the content of soil available zinc decreases with the increase of soil depth; according to the variance test, the differences of spatial variations of content of soil available zinc at 0-10 cm soil depth are significant; the correlation of content of soil available zinc and aspect for forestland is significant and positive in 0-10, 20-40 cm soil depths; the correlation of content of soil available zinc and aspect for grassland is significant and negative in 0-10 cm soil depth, and extremely significant and negative in 10-20 and 20-40 cm soil depths; the storage of soil available zinc is 45.42 kg in 0-10 cm soil depth, and there are forestland, cropland and grassland in descending order; According to the comprehensive evaluation index of average density of soil available trace elements, the soil available zinc is rich in Yujiehe small watershed of the middle Hanjiang River.
Key words: available zinc; spatial variation; geostatistics; Kriging interpolation; land use type; aspect; Hanjiang River
0 引 言
鋅是植物生長(zhǎng)所必需的微量元素之一,能促進(jìn)植物光合作用、酶、生長(zhǎng)素、蛋白質(zhì)和核酸的合成,還可以提高植物的耐寒和抗病能力[1]。在無(wú)人為施用鋅肥的情況下,植物所需鋅(有效態(tài))的供給主要來(lái)源于土壤,故有效態(tài)的鋅在一定條件下表征土壤鋅元素的供給水平。土壤有效鋅含量受土壤性質(zhì)、成土過(guò)程和農(nóng)耕活動(dòng)等因素影響,空間分布不均勻,對(duì)植物的生長(zhǎng)造成一定影響。科學(xué)區(qū)劃有效鋅含量范圍對(duì)于作物生長(zhǎng)及土壤生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)十分必要。土壤有效鋅含量的空間變異性研究是科學(xué)區(qū)劃的基礎(chǔ)。余存祖等通過(guò)對(duì)黃土高原土壤微量元素的研究,認(rèn)為全量元素的高低不能反映植物對(duì)鋅元素的需求狀況[2]。近年來(lái),國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者從土壤性質(zhì)[3-7]、土地利用方式[8]、土地利用演替[9-10]和土壤養(yǎng)分[11]等角度對(duì)土壤有效鋅分布的影響進(jìn)行了大量研究,而就小流域的地形因子對(duì)土壤有效鋅的空間分布特征的影響鮮有報(bào)道。地形對(duì)降雨在地表再分配以及剖面溶質(zhì)運(yùn)移有顯著影響,影響微量元素的有效性[12-14]。本文以漢江中游典型小流域?yàn)閷?duì)象,采用網(wǎng)格法和分層采樣法,運(yùn)用地統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法,對(duì)該區(qū)的土壤有效鋅含量空間變異特征進(jìn)行了研究,并估算了0~10 cm土層土壤有效鋅的儲(chǔ)量,以期為流域養(yǎng)分資源管理和治理措施布局的優(yōu)化提供參考。