馮學(xué)尚+向長青+鐘鼎坤

摘 要：太陽風(fēng)暴經(jīng)過地球時(shí)，地球空間環(huán)境會(huì)產(chǎn)生整體劇烈的災(zāi)害性變化。行星際空間是太陽風(fēng)暴吹襲地球空間的必經(jīng)傳輸通道，是了解日地系統(tǒng)空間天氣整體變化過程的重要紐帶。如何減輕或避免太陽風(fēng)暴所造成的損失是人類高科技時(shí)代所面臨的重大前沿課題?；谖锢淼囊詮?qiáng)大計(jì)算能力為基礎(chǔ)的太陽風(fēng)暴日冕行星際過程三維數(shù)值研究，不僅具有了解太陽風(fēng)暴在行星際空間傳播的動(dòng)力學(xué)過程的科學(xué)意義，還具有預(yù)測太陽風(fēng)暴吹到地球的時(shí)間、強(qiáng)度和可能引起的地球空間天氣效應(yīng)方面的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。目前基于MHD方程數(shù)值研究行星際太陽風(fēng)暴的工作已經(jīng)從初期的定性原理性理論研究過渡到定量的具體事件系統(tǒng)性研究和數(shù)值預(yù)報(bào)試預(yù)報(bào)階段。現(xiàn)有基于物理的三維數(shù)值預(yù)報(bào)模型主要有：美國空間環(huán)境建模中心（CSEM）開發(fā)的空間天氣模型架構(gòu)（SWMF）Block Adaptive Tree Solar-wind Roe-type Upwind Scheme， BATS-R-US）、美國集成空間天氣建模中心（CISM）開發(fā)的日冕和日球?qū)幽Ｐ停–ORHEL）和我國空間天氣學(xué)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室SIGMA研究小組開發(fā)的太陽行星際守恒元解元模型（SIP-CESE）三維太陽風(fēng)模型。該文將概述現(xiàn)有基于物理的主要三維數(shù)值預(yù)報(bào)模型的算法特點(diǎn)及其研究成果，評(píng)述行星際太陽風(fēng)暴的數(shù)值模擬研究在今后工作中的努力方向。

關(guān)鍵詞：行星際太陽風(fēng)暴 三維數(shù)值預(yù)報(bào)模型 空間天氣

Abstract：As solar storms are sweeping the Earth， adverse changes occur in geospace environment. Interplanetary space， as a linking medium of fully understanding space weather process in the Sun-Earth system， is the unique channel for solar storms to propagate from the Sun to Earth. How human can mitigate and avoid destructive damages caused by solar storms becomes an important frontier issue that we must face in the high-tech times. It is of both scientific significance to understand the dynamic process during solar storms propagation in interplanetary space and realistic value to conduct physics-based numerical researches on the three-dimensional process of solar storms in interplanetary space with the aid of powerful computing capacity to predict the arrival times， intensities， and probable geoeffectiveness of solar storms at the Earth. So far， numerical studies based on magnetohydrodynamics （MHD） have gone through the transition from the initial qualitative principle researches to systematic quantitative studies on concrete events and numerical predictions. The main physics-based three-dimensional numerical coronal and interplanetary models include Block Adaptive Tree Solar-wind Roe-type Upwind Scheme （ BATS-R-US）model in Space Weather Modeling Frame （SWMF） developed by the Center for Space Environment Modeling （CSEM）， the coronal and heliospheric （CORHEL） model by the Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling （CISM） and Solar InterPlanetary-Conservative Element Solution Element （SIP-CESE） model by the solar interplanetary geomagnetic （SIGMA） group of State Key Laboratory of Space Weather， Center for Space Science and Applied Research， Chinese Academy of Sciences. In this paper， we review the main features of the difference schemes in the main three-dimensional numerical physics-based coronal and interplanetary models and their recent research results and outlook the important issues for future research.

Key Words：Interplanetary solar storms； Three-dimensional numerical prediction models； Space weather

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