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利用馬爾科夫鏈修正的變維分形模型及其應(yīng)用

2017-01-06 13:41:17葉偉馬福恒周海嘯
南水北調(diào)與水利科技 2016年6期

葉偉++馬福恒++周海嘯

摘要:以往的預(yù)測(cè)模型對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)長(zhǎng)度有較強(qiáng)的依賴(lài)性,且數(shù)據(jù)出現(xiàn)較強(qiáng)的非線(xiàn)性時(shí),將增加預(yù)測(cè)的復(fù)雜程度。為使監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)呈現(xiàn)出一定的線(xiàn)性關(guān)系,基于分形理論,將常維分形改進(jìn)為變維分形,并據(jù)此建立相應(yīng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,通過(guò)短期監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)。考慮到變維分形得到的預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果不可避免地存在一定的波動(dòng)誤差,對(duì)此,利用馬爾科夫鏈(Markov)無(wú)后效性的特點(diǎn)對(duì)預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果進(jìn)行修正,從而提高預(yù)測(cè)精度。以西溪水庫(kù)的監(jiān)測(cè)資料數(shù)據(jù)為樣本,建立其馬爾科夫鏈變維分形預(yù)測(cè)模型,結(jié)果顯示最大誤差修正值可達(dá)089%,占原預(yù)測(cè)誤差的679%,表明利用馬爾科夫鏈修正的變維分形模型能有效地減小誤差,提高預(yù)測(cè)精度。

關(guān)鍵詞:大壩安全監(jiān)測(cè);變維分形;馬爾科夫鏈;誤差修正

中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):TV698.1文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A文章編號(hào):

16721683(2016)06011105

Application of modified variable dimension fractal method by Markov chain in dam safety monitoring

YE Wei,MA Fuheng,ZHOU Haixiao

(Dam Safety Management Department,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210029,China)

Abstract:Previous forecast models have strong dependence on the length of the data,and the data often appears strong nonlinear.Both of these will increase the complexity of the prediction.So in order to make the monitoring data to show a certain linear relationship,this paper changed constant dimension fractal method to variable dimension fractal method to predict shortterm monitoring data based on fractal theory shortterm monitoring data.The corresponding mathematical model was set up.However,inevitably,there were some fluctuation errors in the results predicted by the variable dimension fractal method.This paper used the Markov chain to modify these predicted results based on the characteristic of no aftereffect.The results analyzed by Xixi reservoir monitoring data showed that the revised error could be optimized by 0.89%.Obviously,it could be concluded that the variable dimension fractal method modified by Markov chain could effectively reduce error and improve the precision of prediction.

Key words:dam safety monitoring;variable dimension fractal;Markov chain;error correction

基于實(shí)測(cè)時(shí)間序列的安全監(jiān)測(cè)模型對(duì)大壩的安全運(yùn)行有著重要的意義,現(xiàn)階段已有多種安全預(yù)測(cè)模型。劉健等[1]采用遺傳神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)大壩變形進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè);宋志宇等[2]采用混沌優(yōu)化支持向量機(jī)對(duì)大壩安全進(jìn)行監(jiān)控預(yù)測(cè);謝榮安等[3]采用灰色理論,建立灰色模型對(duì)大壩變形進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)。但以上的預(yù)測(cè)模型均需要較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間序列數(shù)據(jù)。

根據(jù)分形理論進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)則可以避免對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)長(zhǎng)度的依賴(lài)性。常維分形適用于具有線(xiàn)性特征的數(shù)據(jù)序列,但一方面大壩監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)常表現(xiàn)出較強(qiáng)的非線(xiàn)性,另一方面隨著時(shí)間的推移,數(shù)據(jù)還出現(xiàn)一定的波動(dòng)性,因此有必要將常維分形改進(jìn)為變維分形,考慮到馬爾科夫鏈能很好地適應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)波動(dòng)的特點(diǎn),同時(shí)引入馬爾科夫鏈用以修正分形模型的預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果。為此,本文建立利用馬爾科夫鏈修正的變維分形大壩安全監(jiān)測(cè)模型,以達(dá)到提高預(yù)測(cè)精度的目的。

5結(jié)論

本文通過(guò)馬爾科夫鏈修正的分形模型的預(yù)測(cè)值能較準(zhǔn)確地進(jìn)行大壩安全監(jiān)測(cè)值預(yù)測(cè)。變維分形模型不需要冗長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間序列數(shù)據(jù),采用短期數(shù)據(jù)即可實(shí)現(xiàn)預(yù)測(cè),并且憑借馬爾科夫鏈的無(wú)后效性的特點(diǎn)可使大壩安全監(jiān)測(cè)值預(yù)測(cè)受外界因素影響變小,預(yù)測(cè)精度較高,兩種方法的結(jié)合使得預(yù)測(cè)過(guò)程簡(jiǎn)便可靠,具有實(shí)際使用價(jià)值。

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