左云
There be 結(jié)構(gòu)在新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中定義在六個簡單句的基本句型之一。在英語中表示某個地方或時間存在某物,就要用There be 句型。其中there是引導(dǎo)詞,本身無詞義,be是謂語動詞,而主語就在be后面。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“There be +主語(人/物)+地點(diǎn)/時間(介詞短語或副詞)”
如There is a post office near here .附近有一個郵局。
There is a red car parking here at this time of day . 每天的這個時候就有一輛紅色轎車停在這兒。
Watch out ! _________ is a little boy playing ahead on the road . 【2016江蘇鹽城中考】
A. It B. This C. That D. There
(答案:D)
在中考命題中,除對這一句型的意義進(jìn)行考核外,還有以下的考點(diǎn):
考點(diǎn)一:玩轉(zhuǎn)there be 的變身轉(zhuǎn)化
也即是弄明白there be 句型的各種句型轉(zhuǎn)化
(一)改成否定句:直接在be后加上not或no即可。
如:
There are some pictures on the wall.
→There aren't any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall.
There is a bike behind the tree.
→ There isn't a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree.
延展:肯定句中出現(xiàn)some或some的不定代詞改成否定句或者疑問句時要改成any或any的不定代詞,出現(xiàn)and要改為or。
not和no的不同:not是副詞,no為形容詞,not a/an/any + n. 相當(dāng)于no+ n.。
(二)變成一般疑問句:把be動詞提到句首,句末句號改成問號即可。回答用Yes, there is/are. 或No, there isnt/arent.
如:There is some water on Mars. 變一般疑問句→ Is there any water on Mars?
There are some fish in the water. 變一般疑問句→Are there any fish in the water?
---Is there a watermelon on the table ? 【2016四川南充中考】
---______________
A. Yes , there is . B. Yes , it is C. No , there is . D. No, it isnt
(答案:A)
---Are there any children near the door?門邊有些孩子嗎?
---Yes, there are. 是的,有。 或 —No, there arent. 不是,沒有。
(三)改成特殊疑問句:必須了解是對there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中什么內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提問,懂得用哪個詞去發(fā)問。
1. 對主語提問:當(dāng)主語是人的時候,則用who 引導(dǎo)問句,
當(dāng)主語是物的時候,則用what 引導(dǎo)問句。
注意:無論原句的主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),對之提問時一般都用be的單數(shù)形式(回答時卻要根據(jù)實際情況來決定)。
如:There are many things over there. 就劃線部分提問→What is over there?
There is a little girl in the room. 就劃線部分提問→Who is in the room?
2. 對地點(diǎn)狀語提問:則用where 引導(dǎo)問句。
如:There is a computer on the desk. 就劃線部分提問→ Where is the computer?
There are four children on the playground. 就劃線部分提問→Where are the four children?
3. 對數(shù)量提問:一般有兩種句型結(jié)構(gòu),意義都是詢問“某處有多少的人或物?”
How many+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+are there+介詞短語?
How much+不可數(shù)名詞+is there+介詞短語?
如:How much milk is there in the bottle? 瓶子里有多少牛奶?
How many students are there in your class? 你們班有多少學(xué)生?
考點(diǎn)二:區(qū)分there be 與have
There be句型與have(has)均表示“有”,但There be句型強(qiáng)調(diào)“某處有某人/某物”,著重“存在”的狀態(tài);have則強(qiáng)調(diào)“某人有某物”,著重“擁有”。
如:He has two sons. 他有兩個兒子。
There are two men in the office. 辦公室里有兩個男人。
但表示“包括”、“存在”的含義是指部分與整體的關(guān)系時,have與There be 句型可互換。
如: A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一個星期有七天。
There is a swimming pool in the school .= The school has a swimming pool .這間學(xué)校有個游泳池。
There are three children in my family.我家有三個孩子。
同意于:
I have three children. 我有三個孩子。
考點(diǎn)三:be的職責(zé)
(一)be要表現(xiàn)主謂一致性。
There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中的be動詞要和其后所跟名詞的數(shù)保持一致,遵循就近原則。
如: There________ two sofas and a table in her room. 【2016貴州黔西南中考】
A. have B. is C. are D. was
(答案:C)
若這題目是There________ a table and two sofas in her room.
那答案就要選B了。
There are so many_________ in the pool . And here is some________ for you to keep them . 【2016重慶71中一?!?/p>
A. fish ; suggestion B. fishes ; advices
C. fish ; advice D. fishes ; suggestions
(答案:C)
There _________ a number of books in the library and the number of them ________increasing . 【2016山東煙臺中考】
A. has ; is B. have ; are C. are ; is D. is ; are
(答案:C)
(二)be的時間性。
也即是指there be 結(jié)構(gòu)表現(xiàn)時態(tài)時,均由be的變化來體現(xiàn)。可見下表。
如:---Theres going to ________an English evening tonight . Would you like to go with us ?
---Id love to . 【2013貴州銅仁中考】-
A. have B. has C. is D. be
(答案:D)
---There_________ an exciting soccer game on TV last night , but I missed it .
---Oh , what a pity ! 【2016遼寧丹東中考】
A. is B. was C. has D. had
(答案:B)
The weather forecast says that_________ another storm tomorrow .
A. there will have B. there will be C. there has D. there has been
(答案:B)
(三)be的替身詞
there be 句型中的謂語動詞be被一些不及物動詞代替,如 live,stand,lie,come等,用來表示各種存在的不同形式。在初中階段這樣的句子常在閱讀素材中出現(xiàn)。
如:Once upon a time, there lived an old man in the house. 從前,這房里住著個老人。
There lies a small village in the mountain.山里有個小村子。
There comes a new day. 新的一天開始了。
There stands a tall tower in the center of the square . 在廣場中央豎立著一座高塔。
(四)be與情態(tài)動詞搭檔表達(dá)推測語氣。
此時there be 就變身為結(jié)構(gòu)“there +情態(tài)動詞+be+其它”來傳達(dá)如“推測、預(yù)見、可能、必然" 的存在
如:There may be a coin in that box. 那只盒子里或許有個硬幣。
There cant be anyone in the house .there is no light through the windows .
這屋子里不可能有人,透過窗戶沒有一點(diǎn)光線。
There might be some desserts if you wait a bit. 如果你等一會兒,可能會有甜點(diǎn)。
We hope there will be no more wars. 我們希望再也不會打仗了。
There must be something wrong with the washing machine.It cant work well.這洗衣機(jī)一定有問題,它不能正常運(yùn)作了。
There _________ a girl singing next door . Cant you hear her beautiful voice ? 【2016杭州西湖區(qū)一模】
A. must be B. must have C. cant be D. cant have
(答案:A)
---We can see some wild animals in the forest , right ? 【2016江蘇南通中考】
---Its hard to say ,. There ________ be only a few left .
A. may B. must C. need D. should
(答案:A)
(五)be與表狀態(tài)的詞牽手使意義豐富
在初中的閱讀素材中你會見到如seem , happen的狀態(tài)詞與there be 組成“there seems to be 似乎有…”或“there happens to be 碰巧有…”
如:There doesnt seem to be much hope of our beating that team . 我們打敗那個隊好像沒希望。
There happened to be nobody around . 碰巧周圍沒有人。
考點(diǎn)四:反意疑問句
這一句型的反意疑問句必須用there 進(jìn)行反問。但要注意在there be句型中有沒有no , nothing , nobody , few , little , hardly ,seldom 等否定詞或半否定詞,有的話,陳述部分就應(yīng)看作否定句,而簡短句用肯定式。而陳述部分有表示否定意義前綴的單詞,那仍被看作肯定意義。簡短句要用否定式。
如:---There is a beautiful park near your school , ___________?
---Yes , I often go walking there . 【2016江蘇宿遷中考】
A. is there B. isnt there C. are there D. arent there
(答案:B)
There is a little meat in the fridge , is there ?
There was an unusual car under the tree , wasnt there ?
There wont be a fashion show this weekend , will there ?
There usednt to be a school at the foot of the hill ,used there ?/ did there?
There happened to be a policeman standing at the corner of the street , didnt there ?
考點(diǎn)五:主語與實意動詞的關(guān)系
(一)在there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中,主語的后面常有實意動詞進(jìn)行狀態(tài)說明補(bǔ)充。
當(dāng)主語是這一實意動詞動作的發(fā)出者時,結(jié)構(gòu)為“there be +主語+. doing sth.”
如:---There are some boys ______ basketball over there. 【2016湖北恩施州中考】
---Let's go and join them.
A. are playing B. playing C. to play
(答案:B)
(翻譯填空)瞧, 有一些女孩在樹下跳舞。【2016福州市中考】
Look! There ________ some girls __________ under the tree .
(答案:are ; dancing )
(二)而主語是這一實意動詞動作的接受者時,結(jié)構(gòu)為“there be +主語+. Done.”
如:There are lots of coins saved in the piggy bank . 這存錢罐里存著許多硬幣。
There are five minutes left now .現(xiàn)在只有5分鐘了。
(三)有時主語為事物,事情,而實意動詞也可用動詞不定式形式,實現(xiàn)主動形式表被動意義。
如:There is a lot of work to do . 有許多工作要做。
There is nothing to do . 無事可做。
There is no moment to lose . 刻不容緩。
考點(diǎn)六:習(xí)慣用語
(一)There is something wrong with … 某物出毛病了,有問題了。
如:---Whats the matter , Jenny ? 【2016湖北武漢中考】
---_____________ something wrong with my bike
A. It is B. There is C. I have D. It has
(答案:B)
Drive slowly , Mary .__________ is something ahead on the road . 【2016安徽中考】
A. It B. This C. That D. There
(答案:D)
(二)There is no need to do sth. 沒必要做…
如: There is no need to worry. 沒必要擔(dān)心。
There is no need to be in a hurry . 沒必要著急。
(三)There is no doubt that … 毫無疑問的是…
如: There is no doubt that he is not telling the truth . 毫無疑問的,他說的并非事實。
There is no doubt that your parents love you so much . 你的父母很愛你,這是毫無疑問的。
在新課標(biāo)中,要求初中階段的學(xué)生了解這一語言形式的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和表意功能,注意其規(guī)律并舉一反三,整理歸納。能通實際運(yùn)用去體會和掌握這一知識。甚至在使用中能意識到錯誤并能對其進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)募m正。在此,我將there be 結(jié)構(gòu)的知識進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)并延展。望能幫助進(jìn)入復(fù)習(xí)階段的中考生們些幫助。