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高頻考點點撥
文/李建高
【點撥】look up用作“(在詞典、參考書中或通過電腦)查閱”之意講時,后面可以直接跟賓語。當(dāng)賓語是名詞時,名詞既可以放在look up之后,也可以放在look和up之間;當(dāng)賓語是代詞時,代詞必須放在look和up之間。如:
1)You can look it up in the index.你可以在索引中查找它。
2)You’d better look her number up in the telephone directory.你最好在電話薄里查查她的電話號碼。
【拓展】look up作“抬頭看”時,后面不能跟賓語。如:
Look up,and you will find a monkey in the tree.抬頭看,樹上有一只猴子。
例1(2016年南寧卷)—What’s the meaning of“secretary”?
—Let methe word in the dictionary.
A.look atB.look forC.look afterD.look up
【點撥】warn為動詞,意為“警告;提醒”,常見搭配有:warn sb.of/about sth.“警告或提醒某人注意某事”;warn sb.(not)to do sth.“告誡或提醒某人(不要)做某事”;warn sb.against(doing)sth.“告誡某人當(dāng)心某事(不要做某事)”。如:
1)Tom has warned her of/about the dangers of smoking.湯姆已經(jīng)提醒了她吸煙的危害。
2)My parents often warn me not to swim alone in the river.我父母經(jīng)常告誡我不要獨自在河里游泳。
3)The policeman warned him against crossing the road at that place.警察提醒他不要在那個地方橫穿馬路。
例2(2015年青島卷)The traffic signs warn peopleafter drinking.
A.to driveB.not to driveC.drivingD.don’t drive
【點撥】what,which,who,how,where,when等疑問詞和動詞不定式連用,可以在句中充當(dāng)主語、表語或賓語。在充當(dāng)賓語時,該結(jié)構(gòu)可以轉(zhuǎn)換為與其意思相同的賓語從句。如:
1)When to start out is a problem.什么時候出發(fā)是個問題。(作主語)
2)The question is what to do next.問題是接下來做什么。(作表語)
3)Could you teach me how to cook fried rice?=Could you teach me how I can cook fried rice?你能告訴我怎樣做炒飯嗎?(作賓語)
例3(2016年成都卷)—I’ll have a ten-day holiday.But I don’t know.
—How about Paris?
A.what to doB.where to goC.when to go
【點撥】used to意為“過去常?!?,后接動詞原形,沒有時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化。如:
He used to go to work on foot,but he drives now.過去他經(jīng)常步行上班,但現(xiàn)在開車去。
【拓展】be used to意為“習(xí)慣于……”,to為介詞,其后要接名詞、代詞或v-ing形式。get used to與be used to表示的意思基本相同,只是前者強調(diào)由“不習(xí)慣”到“習(xí)慣”這一動態(tài)過程,后者強調(diào)狀態(tài),表示已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了某事。如:
1)My father is used to driving in all kinds of weather.我父親習(xí)慣了在各種天氣里開車。
2)I finally got used to the weather in London.最終,我習(xí)慣了倫敦的天氣。
例4(2016年齊齊哈爾卷)After dinner,he used tocomputer games,but now he is used to.
A.play;walkB.playing;walkingC.play;walking
【點撥】not only A but(also)B意為“不但A而且B”,常用來連接兩個相同的語法成分,其中also可以省略。該結(jié)構(gòu)做主語時,謂語動詞要與B在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。如:
1)Shakespeare was not only a writer,but(also)an actor.莎士比亞不僅是一個作家,而且是一個演員。
2)Not only he but(also)I am interested in hiking.他和我都對徒步旅行感興趣。
【拓展】not only A but(also)B可以和A as well as B互相轉(zhuǎn)換,區(qū)別在于:not only A but (also)B強調(diào)的是B,而A as well as B強調(diào)的是A,所以它們連接兩個并列主語時,前者的謂語動詞由B決定,而后者的謂語動詞由A決定。如:
Not only he but(also)his parents like watching sports programs.=His parents as well as he like watching sports programs.不但他而且他的父母都喜歡看體育節(jié)目。
例5(2016年連云港卷)—What film do you like best?
—The Martian.Itshows a lot of imagination,has a sense of humor.
A.too;toB.neither;norC.either;orD.not only;but also
Key:1~5 DBBCD