葉 宇,梁克利
(1. 大連醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院,遼寧 大連 116600;2. 深圳健安醫(yī)藥有限公司,深圳 518027 )
紫蘇的化學(xué)成分研究
葉 宇1,梁克利2
(1. 大連醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院,遼寧 大連 116600;2. 深圳健安醫(yī)藥有限公司,深圳 518027 )
對紫蘇的化學(xué)成分進(jìn)行研究.采用75%乙醇提取紫蘇,提取物通過大孔吸附樹脂、硅膠柱色譜、ODS柱色譜進(jìn)行分離,進(jìn)一步應(yīng)用半制備高效液相色譜進(jìn)行純化,應(yīng)用核磁共振技術(shù)并參照相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)對得到化學(xué)成分進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)確定.共分離得到了5個化合物,分別為5-methoxyisolariciresinol、syringaresinol mono-β-D-glucoside、lyoniresinol、patrinalloside、patrinoside-aglucone.所有化合物均為首次從該植物中分離得到.
紫蘇;化學(xué)成分;結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定
紫蘇Perillafrutescens(L.) Britt 系唇形科紫蘇屬一年生草本植物.作為多用途的經(jīng)濟(jì)植物,在我國已有2 000多年的栽培歷史.歷代本草專著也均有對紫蘇的收錄.其性溫、味辛, 以葉、梗、果實(shí)三部分分別入藥.紫蘇葉在抗菌和抗病毒、止血、鎮(zhèn)靜和鎮(zhèn)痛、抗氧化、抗腫瘤等方面都有積極的作用[1].
現(xiàn)代藥學(xué)研究結(jié)果表明紫蘇含有揮發(fā)油類, 黃酮類, 酚酸類等成分, 具有抗炎, 抗過敏, 止血, 降血脂等多種藥理活性[2].近年來紫蘇屬植物的研究與利用已成為世界性的熱點(diǎn)課題,本文通過采用大孔吸附樹脂柱色譜、硅膠柱色譜、ODS 柱色譜和制備 HPLC 等手段對紫蘇干燥全草的75%乙醇提取物進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)分離,從中分離鑒定了6個化合物,分別為5-methoxyisolariciresinol (1)、syringaresinol mono-β-D-glucoside (2)、lyoniresinol (3)、patrinalloside (4)、patrinoside-aglucone (5).其中化合物1~5均為為首次從該植物中分離得到.
核磁共振波譜儀 (Bruker公司,TMS 內(nèi)標(biāo));Agilent 1100 半制備型高效液相色譜儀 (Agilent公司);YMC C-18 制備色譜柱 (10×150 mm,5 μm,YMC 公司);
薄層色譜硅膠H(300~400目)及柱色譜硅膠(100~200目,200~300目)均購于中國青島海洋化工廠;甲醇、乙醇、二氯甲烷等試劑均購于天津科密歐化學(xué)試劑有限公司,D101型大孔吸附樹脂購于波鴻樹脂科技有限公司;40~70 μm ODS柱色譜填料購于YMC公司.紫蘇藥材購于大連開發(fā)區(qū)藥房,經(jīng)大連醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院冷愛晶主任藥師鑒定為紫蘇屬植物紫蘇Perillafrutescens(L.) Britt的干燥全草.
紫蘇全草藥材20 kg,粉碎后以75%乙醇浸泡30 min后回流提取3次,每次1.5 h,合并提取液并減壓濃縮至無醇味,得到浸膏約1.3 kg.浸膏以適量蒸餾水溶解后應(yīng)用大孔吸附樹脂柱色譜對其進(jìn)行梯度分離,依次采用純水10%、30%、50%、95%的乙醇-水溶液(V/V)梯度洗脫.50%乙醇-水洗脫部分進(jìn)行正相硅膠柱色譜分離,采用不同體積CHCl3~MeOH為洗脫溶劑,體積比從100∶1~1∶1進(jìn)行梯度洗脫,應(yīng)用薄層色譜技術(shù)進(jìn)行合并共得到8個流分.其中流分2,3進(jìn)一步經(jīng)過反復(fù)ODS柱色譜進(jìn)行分離,最后采用半制備型HPLC進(jìn)行純化,共得到5個化合物,其質(zhì)量分別為化合物1(12 mg),2(10 mg),3(14 mg),4(15 mg),5(18 mg).
化合物1:淡黃色油狀物.1H-NMR (600 MH, DMSO-d6) δH: 6.60 (1H, brs, H-2), 6.35 (2H, brs, H-2',6'), 6.12 (1H, brs, H-5), 4.58 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz, H-7'), 3.74 (2H, m, H-9), 3.70 (3H, s, H-3-OCH3), 3.68 (6H, s, H-3',-5'-OCH3), 3.16 (2H, m, H-9'), 2.68 (2H, m, H-7), 2.14 (1H, m, H-8'), 1.62 (1H, t, J = 8.2 Hz, H-8);13C-NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC: 132.3 (C-1), 111.6 (C-2), 145.3 (C-3), 144.0 (C-4), 115.9 (C-5), 126.9 (C-6), 32.0 (C-7), 37.9 (C-8), 63.4 (C-9), 135.8 (C-1'), 106.4 (C-2'), 147.5 (C-3', -5'), 133.5 (C-4'), 106.4 (C-6'), 48.5 (C-7'), 46.2 (C-8'), 59.5 (C-9'), 55.3 (C-3-OCH3), 55.8 (C-3'-OCH3, -5'-OCH3).該化合物數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報道[3]的數(shù)據(jù)基本一致,故確定化合物為5-methoxyisolariciresinol.
化合物 2:白色無定形粉末.1H-NMR (600 MH, DMSO-d6) δH: 6.62 (2H, brs, H-2', -6'), 6.56 (2H, brs, H-2'', -6''), 4.85 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz, H-1'''), 4.63 (1H, d, J = 4.5 Hz, H-2), 4.58 (1H, d, J = 4.5 Hz, H-6), 4.16 (1H, m, H-4a), 4.14 (1H, m, H-8a), 3.76 (1H, m, H-4b), 3.75 (1H, m, H-8b), 3.73 (6H, s, H-3''-OCH3, 5'-OCH3), 3.72 (6H, s, H-3''-OCH3, 5''-OCH3), 3.54 (1H, m, H-6'''a), 3.17 (1H, m, H-3'''), 3.38 (1H, m, H-6'''b), 3.16 (1H, m, H-2'''), 3.13 (1H, m, H-4'''), 3.05 (1H, m, H-1), 3.02 (1H, m, H-5), 3.00 (1H, m, H-5''');13C-NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC: 53.3 (C-1), 84.6 (C-2), 70.9 (C-4), 53.2 (C-5), 85.0 (C-6), 71.0 (C-8), 136.9 (C-1'), 103.9 (C-2'), 152.4 (C-3'), 133.3 (C-4'), 152.4 (C-5'), 103.9 (C-6'), 56.2 (C-3', 5'-OCH3), 131.3 (C-1''), 103.3 (C-2'', -6''), 148.6 (C-3''), 134.7 (C-4''), 148.6 (C-5''), 55.7 (C-3'', 5''-OCH3), 102.4 (C-1'''), 73.9 (C-2'''), 76.1 (C-3'''), 69.6 (C-4'''), 76.8 (C-5'''), 60.5 (C-6''').以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報道[4]基本一致,因此鑒定化合物2為syringaresinol mono-β-D-glucoside.
化合物 3:黃色油狀物.1H-NMR (600 MH, DMSO-d6) δH: 6.52 (1H, brs, H-2), 6.26 (2H, brs, H-2', -6'), 4.21 (1H, d, J = 10.1 Hz, H-7'), 3.73 (6H, s, H-3, -5-OCH3), 3.61 (6H,s, H-3', -5'-OCH3), 3.44 (1H, m, H-9), 3.42 (1H, m, H-9'), 2.60 (2H, m, H-7), 1.81 (1H, d, J = 11.6 Hz, H-8), 1.71 (1H, m, H-8');13C-NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC: 128.4 (C-1), 106.5 (C-2), 146.7 (C-3), 137.5 (C-4), 146.7 (C-5), 124.8 (C-6), 32.0 (C-7), 40.3 (C-8), 64.4 (C-9), 55.5 (C-3, -5-OCH3), 137.0 (C-1'), 105.8 (C-2'), 147.3 (C-3'), 133.1 (C-4'), 147.1 (C-5'), 105.7 (C-6'), 40.2 (C-7'), 46.2 (C-8'), 62.1 (C-9'), 55.8 (C-3', -5'-OCH3).該化合物數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報道[5]的數(shù)據(jù)基本一致,故確定化合物為lyoniresinol.
化合物 4:無色油狀物.1H-NMR (600MHz in DMSO-d6):6.31(1H, bra, H-3), 5.90(1H, d, J= 5.5 Hz, H-1), 4.09(1H, d, J= 7.9 Hz, H-1'), 4.08(1H, m, H-7), 4.07(1H, m, H-10c), 3.91(1H, m, H-11), 3.65(1H, m, H-10a), 3.63(1H, m, H-5'b), 3.41(1H, m, h-6'), 3.40(1H, m, H-10b), 3.09(1H, m, H-3'), 3.03(1H, m, H-5'a), 3.01(1H, m, H-4'), 2.93(1H, m, H-2'), 2.78(1H, m, H-5), 2.20(2H, d, J= 7.1 Hz, H-13), 2.03(1H, m, H-9), 1.95(1H, m, H-14), 1.83(1H, m, H-6a), 1.73(1H, m, H-8), 1.68(1H, m, H-6b), 0.88(3H, s, H-15), 0.88(3H, s, H-16);13C-NMR (125 MHz in DMSO-d6): 171.2(C-12), 137.4(C-3), 114.7(C-4), 101.7(C-1'), 91.5(C-1), 76.7(C-3'), 76.6(C-5'a), 73.3(C-2'), 70.6(C-7), 70.0(C-4'), 67.2(C-11), 60.9(C-10), 60.4(C-5'b), 47.5(C-8), 42.4(C-13), 41.5(C-9), 39.0(C-6), 31.6(C-5), 25.6(C-14), 22.0(C-15), 22.0(C-16). 該化合物數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報道一致[6],經(jīng)鑒定為patrinalloside
化合物 5:1H-NMR (600MHz in DMSO-d6):6.22(1H, brs, H-3), 5.85(1H, d, J= 4.8 Hz, H-1), 4.08(1H, d, J= 3.0 Hz, H-7), 3.83(1H, d, J= 12.6 Hz, 3.73(1H, d, J= 12.6 Hz, H-11b), 3.62(1H, dd, J= 10.5,7.2Hz, H-10a ), 3.45(1H, dd, J= 10.5,6.4Hz, H-10b ), 2.76(1H, m, H-5), 2.19(2H, d, J= 7.1 Hz, H-13), 2.02(1H,m, H-9), 1.94(1H, m, H-8), 1.93(1H, m, H-14), 1.83(1H, m, H-6a), 1.60(2H, m, H-6b), 0.88 (6H, s, H-15);13C-NMR (125 MHz in DMSO-d6):171.0(C-12), 135.2(C-3), 118.7(C-4), 91.7(C-1), 70.6(C-7), 60.4(C-11), 59.9(C-10), 47.5(C-8), 42.4(C-13), 41.4(C-9), 39.0(C-6), 31.2(C-5), 25.0(C-14), 21.9(C-15). 該化合物數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報道一致[7],鑒定為patrinoside-aglucone.
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StudyonchemicalconstituentsfromPerillafrutescens(L.)Britt
YE Yu1, LIANG Ke-li2
(1. First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116600, China; 2. Jian An Pharmaceutical Ltd, Shenzhen 518027, China)
To study the chemical constituents ofPerillafrutescens(L.) Britt. 75% EtOH extract ofPerillafrutescens(L.) Britt. was separated by macroporous resin, normal phase chromatography, ODS and RP-HPLC to isolate natural compounds. And their structures were elucidated by NMR spectral analysis and the references. Five compounds were isolated from the plant, and all the compounds were identified as 5-methoxyisolariciresinol, syringaresinol mono-β-D-glucoside, lyoniresinol, patrinalloside, patrinoside-aglucone. All the compounds were isolated from the plant for the first time.
Perillafrutescens(L.) Britt; chemical constituents; structural identification
2017-03-28.
葉 宇(1981-),男,研究方向:醫(yī)院藥學(xué)服務(wù)及中藥質(zhì)量評價.
R284
A
1672-0946(2017)05-0523-03