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靶向沉默RACK1基因?qū)Ψ蜗侔┞闶笠浦擦錾L(zhǎng)的抑制作用

2017-02-27 22:22米小芳高小云梁鋼杜凱麗王宏坤

米小芳 高小云 梁鋼 杜凱麗 王宏坤 肖虹 梁建芳 鄭繪霞

【摘要】 目的:研究沉默RACK1基因?qū)θ朔蜗侔┘?xì)胞株A549裸鼠皮下移植瘤生長(zhǎng)的影響。方法:使用人肺腺癌細(xì)胞株A549建立裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型。待腫瘤直徑為0.3~0.5 cm時(shí)將荷瘤裸鼠隨機(jī)分成3組,每組6只,分別于瘤內(nèi)注射生理鹽水(空白組)、空載質(zhì)粒-脂質(zhì)體復(fù)合物(空載組)及shRNA-RACK1質(zhì)粒-脂質(zhì)體復(fù)合物(實(shí)驗(yàn)組)。觀察三組裸鼠的皮下移植瘤體積變化,繪制腫瘤生長(zhǎng)曲線,并用Western blot檢測(cè)各組腫瘤組織中RACK1蛋白的表達(dá)。結(jié)果:移植瘤形成后第28天,與空白組和空載組比較,實(shí)驗(yàn)組移植瘤生長(zhǎng)速率、腫瘤體積和重量均明顯降低(P<0.05)。轉(zhuǎn)染干擾載體RACK1-shRNA對(duì)裸鼠肺腺癌移植瘤的的抑瘤率為39%。Western blot結(jié)果顯示,實(shí)驗(yàn)組移植瘤組織中RACK1蛋白的表達(dá)明顯低于空白組和空載組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:沉默RACK1基因?qū)Ψ蜗侔┞闶笠浦擦錾L(zhǎng)有明顯抑制作用。

【關(guān)鍵詞】 肺腺癌; RACK1基因; 裸鼠

Inhibitory Effect of Targeted Silencing RACK1 Gene on the Growth of Lung Adenocarcinoma Xenograft in Nude Mice/MI Xiao-fang,GAO Xiao-yun,LIANG Gang,et al.//Medical Innovation of China,2016,13(35):024-027

【Abstract】 Objective:To study the effect of silencing RACK1 gene on the growth of human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 in nude mice.Method:BALB/C nude mice were subcutaneously transplanted with lung adenocarcinoma cell lines A549 and tumor bearing nude mice were randomly divided into 3 groups when the tumor diameter was 0.3-0.5 cm,and 6 rats in each group,they were injected with normal saline,empty plasmid liposome complex and shRNA plasmid liposome complex.The tumor volume changes of the three groups were observed,the tumor volume of nude mice were recorded and the expression of RACK1 protein was detected by Western blot.Result:28 days after tumor formation,there were obvious decreases in tumor growth rate,tumor mass,as well as tumor weight in transfected group,comparing with empty vector transfeeted group and untransfected group(P<0.05).Transfection of RNA interference can inhibit the growth of xenograft tumor by 39%.Western blot revealed that the expression of RACK1 protein of transfected group were significantly lower than those in untransfected group and empty vector transfected group(P<0.05).Conclusion: Silencing RACK1 gene can effectively inhibit the growth of lung adenocarcinoma in nude mice.

【Key words】 Lung adenocarcinoma; RACK1 gene; Nude mice

First-authors address:Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan 030001,China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2016.35.006

RACK1(receptor for activated protein kinase C-1)是RACKs家族中第一個(gè)被識(shí)別的成員,該蛋白結(jié)合能力廣泛,功能多樣,在細(xì)胞增殖、細(xì)胞遷移、細(xì)胞侵襲等過(guò)程中發(fā)揮重要的作用。文獻(xiàn)[1]報(bào)道,RACK1在腫瘤組織中表達(dá)升高。有研究表明RACK1與口腔鱗癌、結(jié)腸癌、前列腺癌、卵巢癌、宮頸癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展密切相關(guān),并且與腫瘤的病理分期、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、預(yù)后和治療效果也有關(guān)[2-9]。

課題組前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn)RACK1基因促進(jìn)了肺腺癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展,并且通過(guò)體外試驗(yàn)證明沉默RACK1蛋白在肺腺癌細(xì)胞株A549內(nèi)的表達(dá)可以抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng),并且提高了A549細(xì)胞對(duì)順鉑和紫杉醇兩種化療藥物的敏感性[10-11]。本研究將在前期工作的基礎(chǔ)之上觀察RACK1對(duì)肺腺癌動(dòng)物模型腫瘤生長(zhǎng)的影響,以期為以RACK1為靶點(diǎn)的肺腺癌基因治療提供理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù),現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

1 材料與方法

1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)材料 A549細(xì)胞株由山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)生化實(shí)驗(yàn)室饋贈(zèng),胎牛血清購(gòu)自杭州四季青公司,0.25%胰酶購(gòu)自美國(guó)Sigma公司,shRNA表達(dá)載體試劑盒購(gòu)自上海生工生物工程技術(shù)公司,Lipfectamine 2000購(gòu)自美國(guó)invitrogen公司。

1.2 質(zhì)粒制備 據(jù)shRNA設(shè)計(jì)原則,設(shè)計(jì)并合成RACK1基因干擾寡核苷酸序列,正義序列:5-CACCGAGATAAGACCATCATCATGTT TCAAGAGAACATGATGATGGTCTTATCTCTTTTTTG-3反義序列:5-AGCTCAAAAAAGAGAT AAGACCATCATCATGTTCTCTTGAAACATGATGATGGTCTTATCTC-3shRNA DNA:GAGATAAGACCA TCATCATGTTTCAAGAGAACATGATGATGGTCTTATCTCTT shRNA 結(jié)構(gòu):

1.3 人肺腺癌裸鼠移植瘤模型的建立 雄性BALB/C裸小鼠[湖南斯萊克景達(dá)實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物有限公司,合格證號(hào)SCXK(湘)2011-0003],4周齡左右,體重18~22 g。實(shí)驗(yàn)前于山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)中心SPF級(jí)飼養(yǎng)1周,觀察裸小鼠的生長(zhǎng)情況。人肺腺癌細(xì)胞株A549用含有10%胎牛血清的F12K培養(yǎng)液在37 ℃、5%CO2條件下培養(yǎng)。細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)至對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期,用0.25%胰酶消化,用PBS制成細(xì)胞懸液,調(diào)整細(xì)胞密度至1×107/mL。于裸鼠背側(cè)近后肢處皮下碘消毒并且皮下注射細(xì)胞懸液0.2 mL,注射后裸鼠繼續(xù)飼養(yǎng)于SPF級(jí)環(huán)境中,待裸鼠腫瘤長(zhǎng)徑為0.3~0.5 cm時(shí),將荷瘤裸鼠隨機(jī)分為3組,分別為RACK1-shRNA(實(shí)驗(yàn)組)、Vector-shRNA(空載質(zhì)粒組)和Control(空白對(duì)照組),每組6只。實(shí)驗(yàn)組裸鼠瘤體內(nèi)多點(diǎn)注射shRNA質(zhì)粒-脂質(zhì)體復(fù)合物(20 μg質(zhì)粒+30 μL脂質(zhì)體+50μL無(wú)血清F12K培養(yǎng)基),嚴(yán)格按照脂質(zhì)體2000的轉(zhuǎn)染說(shuō)明進(jìn)行操作;空載質(zhì)粒組裸鼠瘤體內(nèi)多點(diǎn)注射空載質(zhì)粒-脂質(zhì)體復(fù)合物,空白對(duì)照組裸鼠瘤體內(nèi)多點(diǎn)注射生理鹽水,空載質(zhì)粒組和空白對(duì)照組劑量同實(shí)驗(yàn)組。隔日注射一次,連續(xù)注射6次。記錄腫瘤生長(zhǎng)大小,于28 d時(shí)處死,剝離腫瘤,提取腫瘤組織的總蛋白,測(cè)定蛋白濃度,SDS-PAGE電泳,并進(jìn)行Western blot,使用Bandscan分析軟件分析。

1.4 移植瘤生長(zhǎng)狀況的觀察 每天觀察裸鼠精神、活動(dòng)及大便情況,注射第7、14、2l、28天測(cè)量裸鼠體重和移植瘤的最長(zhǎng)直徑(a)和最短直徑(b),按公式V(mm3)=πab2/6計(jì)算移植瘤體積,抑瘤率=(1-實(shí)驗(yàn)組腫瘤體積/空白組腫瘤體積)×100%。停藥24 h終止觀察,處死裸鼠,剝?nèi)×鼋M織,測(cè)量體積并稱重。

1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 19.0軟件對(duì)所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,多樣本均數(shù)間比較采用單因素方差分析,兩兩比較采用LSD方法,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 轉(zhuǎn)染RACK1-shRNA對(duì)裸鼠移植瘤生長(zhǎng)的影響 皮下注射細(xì)胞后3~5 d,空載質(zhì)粒組和空白對(duì)照組裸鼠可在注射部位發(fā)現(xiàn)約小米粒大小的肺腺癌移植瘤形成,鏡下觀察可見(jiàn)移植瘤為肺腺癌組織,而實(shí)驗(yàn)組裸鼠移植瘤出現(xiàn)時(shí)間有所延遲。移植瘤形成后第28天,空載質(zhì)粒組和空白對(duì)照組移植瘤體積生長(zhǎng)至綠豆般大小,而實(shí)驗(yàn)組裸鼠移植瘤體積相對(duì)較小,見(jiàn)圖1、2。繪制生長(zhǎng)曲線顯示,實(shí)驗(yàn)組移植瘤體積增大速度明顯慢于空載質(zhì)粒組和空白對(duì)照組,而空載質(zhì)粒組和空白對(duì)照組移植瘤體積增長(zhǎng)速度基本無(wú)差別,見(jiàn)圖3。于移植瘤模型建立后28 d處死裸鼠,對(duì)肺腺癌移植瘤進(jìn)行取材并測(cè)量其體積和重量。結(jié)果顯示空載質(zhì)粒組和空白對(duì)照組移植瘤體積和重量明顯大于實(shí)驗(yàn)組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。空載質(zhì)粒組和空白對(duì)照組比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見(jiàn)表1和圖4。

2.2 Western blot法檢測(cè)腫瘤組織內(nèi)RACK1蛋白的表達(dá) Western blot結(jié)果顯示,實(shí)驗(yàn)組、空載質(zhì)粒組和空白對(duì)照組中RACK1相對(duì)表達(dá)量分別為(0.21±0.11)、(0.76±0.08)及(0.83±0.05)。與空載質(zhì)粒組和空白對(duì)照組相比,實(shí)驗(yàn)組RACK1蛋白的表達(dá)量顯著降低,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=97.53,P<0.05),空載質(zhì)粒組和空白對(duì)照組比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。shRNA表達(dá)載體轉(zhuǎn)染后可下調(diào)RACK1蛋白在肺腺癌中的表達(dá),見(jiàn)圖5。

3 討論

肺癌在我國(guó)是比較常見(jiàn)的惡性腫瘤,發(fā)病率和病死率呈上升趨勢(shì),而其生物學(xué)行為尚未完全清楚[12]。深入研究肺癌侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移的機(jī)制,積極探索有效的預(yù)防和治療措施,是當(dāng)前肺癌研究中的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn),隨著分子靶向藥物的應(yīng)用,明顯改善了患者的臨床療效。

阮元元等[13]對(duì)肝癌的臨床研究表明,RACK1在肝癌細(xì)胞系中發(fā)揮了化療抵抗的功能。沈芳榮等[14]通過(guò)下調(diào)RACK1表達(dá)證實(shí)在體內(nèi)外實(shí)驗(yàn)中前列腺癌細(xì)胞的增殖和侵襲能力均下調(diào)。Hu等[7]證實(shí)了RACK1促進(jìn)了食管鱗癌細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)與轉(zhuǎn)移。楊丹丹等[8]研究表明RACK1對(duì)于宮頸癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展是一個(gè)促發(fā)因素。

在本實(shí)驗(yàn)中筆者建立了裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,采用脂質(zhì)體轉(zhuǎn)染方法抑制肺腺癌細(xì)胞A549中RACK1基因的表達(dá),蛋白印跡定量分析結(jié)果顯示:轉(zhuǎn)染干擾載體RACK1-shRNA的肺腺癌移植瘤RACK1蛋白表達(dá)明顯受到抑制。通過(guò)繪制并對(duì)比生長(zhǎng)曲線顯示轉(zhuǎn)染干擾載體RACK1-shRNA后21、28 d移植瘤生長(zhǎng)明顯減慢,提示RACK1基因沉默可以減緩肺腺癌細(xì)胞A549的體內(nèi)成瘤過(guò)程,于28 d處死裸鼠,稱量移植瘤體積與重量,顯示實(shí)驗(yàn)組裸鼠移植瘤體積和重量明顯低于空載質(zhì)粒組和空白對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),RACK1-shRNA組抑瘤率達(dá)39%。

本研究通過(guò)觀察抑制RACK1基因?qū)Ψ蜗侔┘?xì)胞A549在活體動(dòng)物體內(nèi)生長(zhǎng)的影響,為了解RACK1在肺腺癌發(fā)生發(fā)展中的作用機(jī)制、RACK1分子靶向治療肺腺癌提供了體內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)。

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(收稿日期:2016-11-01) (本文編輯:程旭然)