nie Qiyuan

Concerted Practice of the Four–Pronged Comprehensive Strategy Together with the “Five Development Concepts”

nie Qiyuan*

The practice of adhering to and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics requires the concerted practice of the Four－Pronged Comprehensive Strategy together with the five major development concepts. First, the implementation of the five major development concepts can be deemed as the precursor to the country’s goal of building a moderately prosperous society. To this end, we shall innovatively tackle the developmental problems, coordinate social and economical development, leverage sound economic growth and resource exploitation, and practice open development strategies for the goal of creating prosperity for the entire population of China. Also, with the five major development concepts as a prerequisite for deepening reform, new measures shall be taken to creatively solve specific reform issues. Coordination shall be considered to keep all measures in one system and entity. We shall take green development concept to remove all the obstacles on our path to reform, and take opening－up concept to keep transparent and impartial reform atmosphere and sharing concept to ensure the beneficial policies and projects for the well being of all people. Moreover, implementing the five major development concepts as the foundation for law－based governance of China, innovation shall be made to develop a complete, standardized legal system,and coordination shall be developed for the legal guarantee of concerted and upgraded national hard and soft power. We shall take the green development concept for an equal legal environment, the opening－up concept to build law－based awareness for the whole society, and the sharing concept to benefit all people with fairness and righteousness in every judicial case. The five major development concepts shall be the cornerstone for strengthening Party self－discipline, by which we shall innovatively enhance Party leadership, coordinately build the Party and the Party’s leading role, build a sound, orderly and vigorous political structure within the Party with green development concept.

five major development concepts; Four－Pronged Comprehensive Strategy; socialism with Chinese characteristics

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, considering the overall situation, to adhere to and further the brilliant practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the CPC Central Committee, under the leadership of General Secretary Xi Jinping, has put forth Four–Pronged Comprehensive Strategy (building a moderately prosperous society, deepening reform, advancing law–based governance of China, and strengthening Party self–discipline) and five major development concepts (innovation, coordination, green, opening–up, and sharing) based on a series of new thoughts, outlooks, and assertions. The Four–Pronged Comprehensive Strategy and the five major development concepts reflect and fully sum up the general contemporary Chinese social development issues and experiences, the specific application of Marxist dialectic thought, as well as further developing and deepening of socialism with Chinese characteristics regarding the overall social progressive thoughts. Besides, the Four–Pronged Comprehensive Strategy and the five concepts provide an out line for a new chapter for the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics and expand a new realm of Marxism in China.[1]The “Four–Pronged” serves as a new strategy for the state governance and an action guide to outline the new chapter on socialism with Chinese characteristics, whereas the “five concepts,” the new insight for the governance as well as the fundamentals for fulfillment of the Two Centenary Goals. The two are complementary and together stick to the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the development and contribution to the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation in the future. Deep understanding to the relationship between them, and the coordinated advancement of the Four–Pronged Comprehensive Strategy and the systematic practice of the “Five development concepts” will be conducive to our determination and self–consciousness and foster overall socioeconomic development, and will also be significant to develop socialism with Chinese characteristics.

1. Full Practice of the “Five Development Concepts” as the Precursor to Construct Moderately Prosperous Society in China

Based on the Party’s goal toward the construction of a moderately prosperous society set at the 16th National Congress, in reference to the dynamic domestic and international situations, the 18th National Congress explicitly assigned five major tasks for social construction: (1) to sustain a sound economic growth and achieve the goal to double China’s 2010 GNP and per capita income of urban and rural residents by 2020; (2) to expand people’s democracy and thoroughly carry out the fundamental strategy of law–based governance of China; (3) to notably enhance cultural soft strength with marked increases in the entire nation’s educational and ethical qualities and social civilization; (4) to raise the overall living standards of the people and realize generally equalized basic public facilities; (5) to accomplish resource–saving and environment–friendly social construction.[2]The focus of comprehensively building a moderately prosperous society lies in “comprehensive,” with“construction” being the key goal. With integrative, holistic, and systematic indexes, the goal shall also be achieved through a process guided by complete, systematic and scientific development concepts.[3]The coming five years are the stage in a flat–out sprint for China’s developing into a moderately prosperous society. This stage features new economic normality, new political ecology, and new cultural patterns. As the downward economic pressure increases, it will be difficult to continue to depend on the major elements as driving forces; the people will become more willing to participate in politics with independent, differentiated and varied ideas; social conflicts will become more complicated, environmental impacts more serious, and urban and rural growth more unbalanced. These characteristics will long exist in the process of China’s development. Therefore, there will be no easy way to reach the comprehensive strategic goal to grow into a moderately prosperous society, so we need to break new barriers and create new situations with new insights. Of the Four–Pronged Comprehensive Strategy, building a moderately prosperous society remains the strategic goal with significance for the satisfaction of the people’s expectation for a better life and it plays a fundamental role in the great cause of revitalizing China. Besides, building a moderately prosperous society is not just a solemn commitment to the Party and the people from diverse ethnicities across the country, but also an inevitable choice for the socialist construction of modernization.[4]

The five major development concepts reflect a unity of goal and problem orientation, legally guaranteed for the people, in response to the masses’earnest expectation for a better life, “aim at the country’s prominent contradictions in development and answer the currently most pressing question of reality.”[5]The essence of building a moderately prosperous society depends on development. The innovative concept motivates the development goal and tackles development problems. Getting through the hedges of development, growth takes advantages and then flourishes. Innovation should be applied to all work for building a moderately prosperous society along the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. For the development, the coordination concept is practiced in overall planning for both social and economic development, solving the problems in between, and promoting people’s free and all–around development. The green concept sets out the resources environment of the construction of a moderately prosperous society and plays a part in easing the contradiction between economic development and resource environment, establishing the outlooks of ecological development and peoples’livelihoods, and driving for sustainable development in the future. The opening–up concept is aimed at win–win cooperation and the implementation of the development strategy for mutual benefit, setting up a new political and economic order and forming the grand layout of Chinese development. The sharing concept focuses on people’s well–being, including social inclusion, general–benefiting, fairness and justice, enabling prospects for all the people to share the development achievements of socialism with Chinese characteristics and feel a sense of gain from the development. The five major development concepts give thorough consideration to the basic requirements for building a moderately prosperous society, highlight the internal construction principles, and embody the construction ways. They are the concepts transforming economic development, updating the transformation, realizing social development and improving people’s well–being, and shaping Chinese eco–civilization and building it into a beautiful country. Only by implementing the five major development concepts can we solve development problems, build a moderate prosperous society in an all–round way, and concertedlypromote the Four–Pronged Comprehensive Strategy.

In line with historical materialism, the society is an organic integrity comprising economy, politics, culture and ecology, etc., as well as an increasingly progressive process, and so is the socialist society, a society of overall development and progress. The five major development concepts and the Four–Pronged Comprehensive Strategy are obviously problems–targeted, centering on the question of how to build China into a moderately prosperous society and realizing the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation. Building a moderately prosperous society reflects the objective demand of the development of human society, serving as a general goal in the Four–Pronged Comprehensive Strategy, which is composed of several sub–goals, including economic, political, cultural, and social construction, none of which being dispensable, as well as addressing such social problems as narrowing the urban–rural, poor–rich, and regional gaps.”[6]Therefore, the five major development concepts reflect strategic awareness, feature the principle of the unity of strategic goals and initiatives through the Four–Pronged Comprehensive Strategy, point out the value orientation of development, and answer the question of “development for whom.” These are the precursor to the cause of constructing a moderately prosperous society.

2. Full Practice of the “Five Development Concepts” as the Precursor to Deepening Reform

Over the past three decades, China’s rapid social and economical development has been depending on reforming and opening to the outside world. It is the reform that allows China to realize the historic span from basic eradication of poverty to building a moderately prosperous society. However, in the process of our advancement there still exist a number of difficulties and problems, including“still obviously imbalanced, uncoordinated, and unsustainable development problems arising from the extensive development form, poor innovative capacity, rampant overcapacity in some sectors, profits declining and frequent grave accidents; urban–rural gap; worsening resources constraint, without fundamental or favorable return from the eco–environmental deterioration; inadequate public service facilities, enlarged income disparity, accelerated aging of the population, heavy and arduous task of poverty eradication; a need to improve the people’s educational and ethical qualities and the social civilization level; a need to strengthen legal construction; a need to upgrade the leading cadres’ thinking styles and their work competences; a need to enhance the Party members and the cadres’ role as pioneers and models.”[7]Therefore, in China’s future social and economical development, an overall and systematic reform shall be applied to overcome any ideological barriers in scientific development, malpractice in interest–consolidating, persistent predicaments in the system and mechanism, thus comprehensively deepening reform can be successfully carried out through holistic planning and coordinated cooperation. A strategic deployment was made at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee for deepening reform, by which, the general goal to deepen reform thoroughly means to develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, and advance the modernization of the country’s governance system and governance capacity. The deepening reform and the advancement shall be deemed as an integrated pair, the former setting the fundamental orientations and the latter determining the fulfillment channels. The aforesaid goal also declares publicly that deepening overall reform shall proceed from the people’s interests, and the foothold shall lie in the promotion of social equalityand justice as well as enhancement of people’s well–being, the reform initiative shall stimulate the social vitality, and the reform dividend shall be translated into the people’s well–being. The general feature of Four–Pronged Comprehensive Strategies in “advancing the governance modernization”[8], which means a higher level of self–consciousness of civilization to governance. Of the Four–Pronged Comprehensive Strategy, deepening reform is one of the strategic initiatives, particularly in adherence to the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics, advancing the national governance civilization with the system design and system arrangement, and giving impetus to the other three Comprehensive Strategies. Realization of the general goal to thoroughly deepen reform is not only a process of self–improvement for the governance system, but also a strong motivation to upgrade governance’s competence.

The five major development concepts adhere to the unity of directly facing problems and solving problems, consider the higher levels of national construction in the future, highlight the people–oriented values, respond to the strong appeal of the masses, and provide the outline for the modernized social development with more advanced concepts, broader visions, and greater strategies. The foundation of deepening the overall reform lies in the system. Generally speaking, innovative development keeping a foothold in the comprehensive deepening reform has the arduous task which requires shaping new reform problem tackling approaches and initiatives with innovative concepts and nurture fresh impetus for deepening reform; coordinated development keeps a foothold in the coordination of every link in deepening reform, which requires a coordinated concept to develop fresh energies for boosting reform with systematic and holistic initiatives; green development bases itself on the feasibility of specific reform deepening goals, requiring to clear away all obstacles on the path of reform with a green concept and open new deepening reform visions; opening–up development focuses on a correct direction for reform to create a transparent and fair atmosphere and expand the new reform channels with an opening concept; sharing development finds its foothold on deepening reform for the people’s well–being, requiring the implementation of various people–benefiting policies and livelihood projects and interpreting new reform goals with a sharing concept. In other words, the fresh five major development concepts have an insight into the internal motivation for deepening reform, underpin the essential principles, and direct the overall advancement of reform. They also act as the new concepts to help break any barrier against the overall social and economical development, develop and improve the Chinese socialist system, and fulfill the country’s governance civilization and bring into full play the effectiveness of the governing system. Only by implementing the five major development concepts can we continue emancipating the mind and inspiring the Party and state’s vitality, form a systematic, complete, scientific, normative and effective system and advance the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity.

Based on correctly revealing the essence of social life and the rules of basic social contradictions, historical materialism scientifically stated the internal basis for social development and progress. A socialist country experiences frequent reforms and reforms serve as the direct motivation for social development and progress. The five major development concepts and the Four–Pronged Comprehensive Strategy are both aimed at solving problems in response to China’s overall construction into a moderately prosperous society and the great cause of rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Comprehensive deepening of reform reflectssociety’s objective demand for the two pairs of basic contradiction laws, as the driving force for building a moderately prosperous society as well as one of the top three strategic initiatives, involving the economic, political, cultural, social, economic, and the Party’s construction systems. Therefore, as the precursor of deepening reform, the five major development concepts highlight the baseline awareness, manifest the principle of combining development motivation with development layout within the Four–Pronged Comprehensive Strategy, indicate the development motivation and settle the problem of how to develop.

3. Implementation of the “Five Development Concepts” as the Basis of Advancing the Law–based Governance of China

Advancing the law–based governance of China is a revolution for a country’s governance, a key approach and basic form for advancing a country’s governance modernization, an important indicator for the realization of a country’s governance civilization, as well as the fundamental need for promoting social harmony and stability and ensuring the Party and the country’s long and peaceful governance. The 15th Party Congress ascertained law–based governance as a fundamental strategy, and building a socialist country under the rule of law as a key goal. On such a basis, over the past two decades of development, the 4th Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee clearly put forward that comprehensively promoting law–based governance and accelerating the construction of China as a socialist country under the rule of law, so as to provide institutionalized solutions to the problems on the way forward, thereby starting a new journey to the law–based governance under socialism with Chinese characteristics. The law– based governance remains a grand social project as well as a complicated and tremendous mission for its efficient fulfillment. In particular for China nowadays, due to all kinds of complexities, the entire society lack slaw–based governance thought with the people’s weak legal awareness and law–based governance conception fundamentally, where man–governance is still inevitable and there exist such serious phenomena as disobeying laws, slack law enforcement and refraining from punishing law breakers. Thus, for the country’s sustainable sound social and economical development and expansion of the prospect for socialism with Chinese characteristics, and for safeguarding enhanced law–based governance for reform and sustainability, overall implementation of socialist law–based governance construction is indispensable. The general goal of such overall construction is to build the socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics and construction into a socialist country under the rule of law. The Four–Pronged Comprehensive Strategy implies a high level of prospect for China’s law–based governance. As one of the strategies, advancing law–based governance of China also plays the role to ensure implementation of the other three, law–based governance of China, at the premise of constructing a complete legal system through the “trinity” approach to law–based governance of the state, the government and the society, with the goal of achieving the country’s modernization of governance. “Along the long journey of China’s overall construction into a moderately prosperous society and realization of the Chinese great national rejuvenation, the law–based governance of China serves as a navigation mark for cohesion consensus, a top design for China’s law–based governance construction, and an upgrading of the county’s general strategy of governance.”[9]

The five major development concepts feature both in–stage and long–term vision originatingfrom an appeal for development practice in line with the practical logic of proceeding by law. From the perspective of the state governance modernization, in view of the practice of law–based governance of China, they are proactively linked with the new journey of the construction of law–based governance of China, as the fundamental transformation and leap of thought for the state governance. The foundation of law–based governance lies in governing by law. For innovative development, the law–based governance of China requires a rapid formulation of a complete legal system with an innovative concept, along the path of the law–based governance under socialism with Chinese characteristics; for coordinated development, the law–based governance of China requires the advancement of the law–based governance security of the state strength, hard and soft, with a coordinated concept while integrating scientific legislation, strict law enforcement, impartial judicature, and law–based compliance nationwide; for green development, focusing on fairness, with a green concept, the law–based governance of China requires creating a fair and just law–based governance environment of “everybody is equal before the law;” for the opening–up development concept, focusing on trust, the law–based governance of China requires having a firm law–based ideology in the entire society, on their initiative, the accomplishments of mankind in the civilization of legal construction; with a sharing development concept of justice, the law–based governance of China requires standardizing the judicial acts and thus ensure the masses’ experience of fairness and justice in every judicial case. We can hereby infer that the five major development concepts capture the realistic requirements of the law–based governance of China, underpin the fundamental pursuance of the governance, as an action guide to the socialist law–based governance of China, an ideological precursor to optimize the law–based governance theory, as well as a fundamental prerequisite for construction of the law–based governance system with Chinese characteristics. Only through full implementation of the “five development concepts,” can we adhere to the law–based governance outlook among all walks of life, speed up the construction of a socialist law–based governed country, and foster a ceaselessly improved and developed socialist system with Chinese characteristics.

About historical materialism, social development does not just depend on productive development, but is also subject to the change or reform of the social ideology and political and legal systems, namely, the superstructure. The historical practice also proves substantially that, if law enforcement officers are strong, the country is strong; if law enforcement officers to law are weak, the country is weak. Adherence to the state governance combined by law and morality is an inevitable choice for socialist development of society. Both the five major development concepts and the Four–Pronged Comprehensive Strategy are of intuitionistic awareness of law–based governance, and both are proposed for realization of building a moderately prosperous society and the renewal of the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation. The law–based governance of China reflects the objective demand for the coordination law among the component elements of mankind. As a legal security for building a moderately prosperous society and one of the three major strategic initiatives, it requires the combination of state governance by law and morality, integrating the law–based governance at the levels of the government, the Party, the society and the state. Therefore, as the foundation of the law–based governance of China, the five major development concepts highlight the awareness of integrity, stick to the principle of combining the development thought and security in the “Four–Pronged Comprehensive Strategy,” direct clearly the development forms, and address the problem of“how to secure development.”

4. Full Implementation of the “Five Development Concepts” as the Foundation for Strengthening Party Self–discipline

In its revolution, construction and reform over the past nine decades, the Chinese Communist Party has been paying great attention to and ceaselessly enhancing self–building to keep its advancement and purity. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, for instance, confronted with the Two Centenary Goals and the great mission of the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation, General Secretary Xi Jinping placed greater importance on the Party’s self–building, delivered a series of key speeches, and heightened the thought of raising self–administration with strict governance to a new level. At a summary conference on the Party’s mass line educational practice activities in October 2014, Xi Jinping again clarified the requirements of “strengthening Party self–discipline.” The Party’s self–administration and strict governance shall adhere to meet the objective needs of the Party’s response to the domestic and international challenges and completion of its mission of the government administration as well as the inevitable requirements of its maintenance of advancement, purity and consolidated administrative power with a grand realistic significance and a far–reaching historic significance. Therefore, in response to the unprecedented heavy tasks of reform, development, and stability as well as unprecedented conflicts, risks, and challenges, we shall be prepared for any eventualities while highlighting the Party’s guideline of self–administration and strict governance to increasingly enhance its self–building. Comprehensively strengthening Party self–discipline ranges from governance of Party’s thought, organization, conduct, anti–corruption for clean governance, to institutional construction. Self–discipline demands stricter standard for the self–administration and governance. The core of this mission is to keep the kinship between the Party and the masses as well as the Party’s nature of progressiveness and purity, at any time, with the focus on strict supervision of Party leaders, justice upholding for anti–corruption, rigid Party disciplines, toward the goals of upgrading self–purification, self–improvement, self–reformation, self–information and ensuring the Party’s position as the strong leading core in the socialist cause with Chinese characteristics.[10]The Four–Pronged Comprehensive Strategy implies the Party’s deep alertness to the enhancement of its self–construction. Of the strategies, strengthening Party self–discipline, in a role of political security for the other three, is practiced mainly for the Party’s enhancement of self–purification, self–progress, self–reformation, and self–upgrade, and thus consolidating the Party’s ruling power over the government. Also, strengthening Party self–discipline marks the Party reaching a new height in its acknowledgment of self–construction.

The five major development concepts combine the development orientations and goals, respond to the needs of the era, and reflect the Party’s essential requirements of its ideological line, which profoundly aware that, the Party, from the context of “four challenges” and “four risks,” is confronted with heavier and more pressing tasks of self–administration and governance than ever, thus it needs the enhancement of self–construction in a more initiative manner, which serves as “a holistic, fundamental, orientated and far–reaching matter.”[11]The foundation of strengthening Party self–discipline lies in “rigidness.” The concept of innovative development, in view of innovating Partyconstruction mechanism and internal regulation, requires enhancement of the Party leadership, the Party’s theoretical update, optimization of the regulations in the system, as well as the systematic standardization of the Party construction; the concept of coordinated development, in view of the interlink and the integration of the thought, organization, conduct, anti–corruption for clean governance, and institutional construction, requires dealing well with the relationship between the Party construction and the Party leadership, “dealing well with the links among the various subjects, fields, methodologies, and approaches of the Party construction;”[12]the concept of green development, in view of the optimization of the internal political ecology and power performance mechanism, requires working closely with the masses and shape internally a sound, orderly, vigorous, and lively political setting; the concept of opening–up development, in studies of all the civilization accomplishments that mankind have created, requires being open to self–experience and lessons in history and also research the helpful practices of the self–construction enhancement by other parties around the world; the concept of sharing development, in view of close combination of the Party construction achievements and the masses’ interests, requires safeguarding the interest appeal of the masses at large and realize the organic unity of the Party construction and the masses’ well–being. It can be assessed that the five major development concepts take the actual status for strengthening Party self–discipline into consideration, highlight the responsibility, reflect the firm determination, as the deeply penetrated "rain and dew” for the people’s fertile land from the ruling Party, as a key norm of the Party to comply with the principle of scientific, democratic, and law–based governance, as well as a driving force for the Party’s striving and promising spirit. Only through the implementation of the “five development concepts,” can the Party succeed in confrontation with all sorts of risks and challenges, maintain its leading role in adhering to and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, socialism as the backbone of the people across the country in the journey of the overall construction into the moderately prosperous society and realization of the Chinese Dream for the great national rejuvenation.

In reference to the historical materialism, political party is a part of the social classes, as the outcome of the era when the social economy and the class struggle spawned emergence of the capitalist class. The proletarian party must enhance its self–construction in thought, organization, conduct, anti–corruption for clean governance, and institution. Self–administration and strict governance is a key successful experience of the Chinese Communist Party. Both the five major development concepts and the Four–Pronged Comprehensive Strategy are of distinct awareness of striking orientation, and both are proposed for the realization of building a moderately prosperous society and the renewal of the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation. As a political security for the overall construction into a moderately prosperous society as well as one of the three major strategic initiatives in the layouts, strengthening Party self–discipline reflects the ruling Party’s objective demand for the law of its construction, requiring fostering the unity of the Party construction by ideology and its governance by system. Therefore, the “five development concepts,”serving as the foundation for strengthening Party self–discipline, highlight the core ideology, observe the principle of integrating the fundamental goal and security in the “Four–Pronged Comprehensive Strategy,” clearly point out the development crux, and solve the problem of “who can lead the development.”

The Four–Pronged Comprehensive Strategy acts as the macro commander for the “five developmentconcepts,” while the latter is applied to developing the specific Comprehensive Strategy, the two together shaping the pioneering, top–level design for the future development prospect of socialism with Chinese characteristics and forming a logic system for the realization of the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation. Socialism with Chinese characteristics will be more brilliantly presented if the Four–Pronged Comprehensive Strategy is coordinated with full implementation of the five major development concepts throughout the social and economical development while the Chinese spirit is carried forth and the Chinese power is strengthened.

(Translator: Wu Lingwei; Editor: Yan Yuting)

This paper has been translated and reprinted with the permission ofDeng Xiao Ping Research, No.6, 2016.

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[7] Central Committee of the Communist Party of China: Recommendations for the 13th Five–Year Plan for Economic and Social Development [N]. The People’s Daily, 2015–11–04 (1).

[8] Yang Jinhai. The “Four–Pronged Comprehensive Strategy” and the State Governance Modernization [N].Guangming Daily, 2015–12–07 (16).

[9] Zhang Jian. The Challenge and Countermeasure for the Overall Advancement of the State Government by Law [J]. Guihai, 2015, (3): 115–119.

[10] The Strict Party Governance to Forge a Strong Leading Core: the Coordinate Advancement of the Four–Pronged with the Five Concepts [N]. The People’s Daily, 2015–03– 01 (1).

[11] Xi Jinping. The Statement of the Recommendations for the 13th Five–Year Plan for Economic and Social Development [N]. The People’s Daily, 2015– 11–04 (2).

[12] Han Qiang. The Five development concepts and the Party Construction [J]. Journal of Ideological & Theoretical Education, 2016, (1): 79–81.

*Nie Qiyuan, associate professor, School of Marxism at Changzhou Institute of Technology.

*Foundation item: 2016 Philosophy & Social Science Research Key Project (2016ZDXM006) funded by Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education, The Study of Internal Unity between the Five Development Concepts and the Four–Pronged Comprehensive Strategy; 2015 teaching and research project (A3–4403–16–025) funded by Changzhou Institute of Technology, The Study of the Essential Classroom Access to the Essence of the Keynote Talks in Series by General Secretary Xi Jinping.