楊曉東 徐紹卿 錢逸 維肖勤
·循證神經(jīng)病學(xué)·
帕金森病與腦腫瘤發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的Meta分析
楊曉東 徐紹卿 錢逸 維肖勤
目的探討帕金森病與腦腫瘤發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的相關(guān)性。方法以帕金森病,腫瘤和癌癥,以及PD,Parkinson's disease,tumor,cancer,neoplasm等中英文檢索詞,計(jì)算機(jī)檢索1965年1月-2016年7月美國國立醫(yī)學(xué)圖書館生物醫(yī)學(xué)信息檢索系統(tǒng)、Web of Science、荷蘭醫(yī)學(xué)文摘、Cochrane圖書館,以及中國知網(wǎng)中國知識(shí)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施工程、萬方數(shù)據(jù)庫、維普數(shù)據(jù)庫等數(shù)據(jù)庫收錄的關(guān)于帕金森病與腦腫瘤發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的前瞻性隊(duì)列研究或病例對(duì)照研究,同時(shí)輔助手工檢索,采用Newcastle-Ottawa量表和Stata 12.1軟件進(jìn)行文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)和Meta分析。結(jié)果共獲得1832篇文獻(xiàn),經(jīng)剔除重復(fù)和不符合納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)者,最終納入11項(xiàng)臨床研究共350 632例帕金森病患者。Meta分析顯示:帕金森病患者腦腫瘤發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高于健康人群(OR=1.370,95%CI:1.120~1.690;P=0.003),剔除2篇低質(zhì)量文獻(xiàn)后結(jié)論仍一致(OR=1.360,95%CI:1.080~1.720;P=0.008);根據(jù)發(fā)病順序和地域分層分析,僅帕金森病后腦腫瘤發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高于健康人群(OR=1.430,95%CI:1.120~1.830;P=0.004),歐洲(OR=1.420,95%CI:1.290~1.560;P=0.000)和亞洲的中國臺(tái)灣地區(qū)(OR=2.590,95%CI:1.730~3.880;P=0.000)帕金森病患者腦腫瘤發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)均高于健康人群。漏斗圖以及Begg法(P=0.583)和Egger法(P=0.985)證實(shí)發(fā)表偏倚較小。結(jié)論帕金森病患者腦腫瘤發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加。
帕金森??;腦腫瘤;Meta分析
This study was supported by Scientific Research Plan Project of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.14ZR1425700).
帕金森?。≒D)是好發(fā)于中老年人群,以靜止性震顫、肌強(qiáng)直和運(yùn)動(dòng)遲緩為主要臨床特征的神經(jīng)變性病。既往諸多研究顯示,帕金森病患者除易并發(fā)黑色素瘤外,其他大多數(shù)腫瘤發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)均較健康人群普遍降低[1-2]。既往有Meta分析顯示,顱腦創(chuàng)傷(TBI)后帕金森病發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)明顯增加[3]。然而,帕金森病與腦腫瘤的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)尚不明確,迄今國內(nèi)外尚無相關(guān)系統(tǒng)研究。本研究對(duì)關(guān)于帕金森病與腦腫瘤發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的隊(duì)列研究或病例對(duì)照研究進(jìn)行全面系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)和Meta分析,旨在明確帕金森病與腦腫瘤發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的關(guān)系。
一、文獻(xiàn)檢索
采用主題詞與自由詞相結(jié)合的原則,分別以帕金森病,腫瘤和癌癥,以及PD,Parkinson's disease,tumor,cancer,neoplasm等中英文詞匯為檢索詞,計(jì)算機(jī)檢索1965年1月-2016年7月美國國立醫(yī)學(xué)圖書館生物醫(yī)學(xué)信息檢索系統(tǒng)(Pub Med)、Web of Science、荷蘭醫(yī)學(xué)文摘(EMBASE/SCOPUS)、Cochrane圖書館,以及中國知網(wǎng)中國知識(shí)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施工程(CNKI)、萬方數(shù)據(jù)庫、維普數(shù)據(jù)庫(VIP)等國內(nèi)外知名數(shù)據(jù)庫關(guān)于帕金森病與腦腫瘤發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的臨床研究,同時(shí)輔助手工檢索相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),并查閱納入臨床試驗(yàn)的參考文獻(xiàn)以補(bǔ)充可能遺漏的相關(guān)研究。語種為中文和英文。
二、納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
1.納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(1)關(guān)于帕金森病與腦腫瘤發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的前瞻性隊(duì)列研究或病例對(duì)照研究。(2)病例組符合原發(fā)性帕金森病診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)且有明確暴露因素,對(duì)照組為性別和年齡相匹配的健康人群,研究提供病例組與對(duì)照組暴露人數(shù)或暴露比例。(3)結(jié)局指標(biāo)可量化。
2.排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(1)非隊(duì)列研究或病例對(duì)照研究。(2)重復(fù)文獻(xiàn)或疾病診斷不明確的文獻(xiàn)。(3)失訪率過高或隨訪時(shí)間不符合研究設(shè)計(jì)。(4)結(jié)局指標(biāo)不明確或?yàn)榉橇炕笜?biāo)如圖像等。
三、文獻(xiàn)篩選和數(shù)據(jù)提取
由兩位相互獨(dú)立的評(píng)價(jià)者根據(jù)納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn),分別對(duì)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行篩選。首先,通過閱讀文題和摘要,剔除重復(fù)和不符合納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)者;其次,對(duì)可能納入的文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)一步閱讀全文并交叉核對(duì)結(jié)果;最后,對(duì)存在異議的文獻(xiàn),由兩位評(píng)價(jià)者共同討論協(xié)商,仍不能取得一致意見時(shí),請(qǐng)上級(jí)醫(yī)師進(jìn)一步評(píng)價(jià)。對(duì)資料存疑或資料缺失的文獻(xiàn),通過與作者或通訊作者聯(lián)系,盡可能獲得確認(rèn)或補(bǔ)充。對(duì)符合納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的文獻(xiàn)提取以下數(shù)據(jù)資料:(1)一般資料,包括文題、作者、來自國家或地區(qū)、發(fā)表日期等。(2)研究特征,包括研究對(duì)象的一般資料、各組基線可比性、觀察時(shí)間、隨訪時(shí)間等。(3)結(jié)局指標(biāo),包括帕金森病與腦腫瘤發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的比值比(OR)及其對(duì)應(yīng)95%CI。
四、文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)
由兩位評(píng)價(jià)者獨(dú)立對(duì)所納入的文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)并交叉核對(duì),如有分歧與第三位評(píng)價(jià)者討論后決定取舍。采用Newcastle-Ottawa量表(NOS)[4]分別對(duì)研究對(duì)象選擇、組間可比性、暴露因素和結(jié)局進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià):(1)研究對(duì)象選擇,共4分,分為4項(xiàng)條目,即病例確定是否恰當(dāng)、病例代表性、對(duì)照者的選擇和對(duì)照者的確定。(2)組間可比性,共2分,僅1項(xiàng)條目,即研究設(shè)計(jì)和統(tǒng)計(jì)分析中病例與對(duì)照者的可比性。(3)暴露因素和結(jié)局,共3分,分為3項(xiàng)條目,即暴露因素的確定、是否采用相同方法確定病例和對(duì)照者的暴露因素、有無應(yīng)答率。總評(píng)分9分,評(píng)分>6分者為高質(zhì)量文獻(xiàn)、評(píng)分6分者為中等質(zhì)量文獻(xiàn)、評(píng)分<6分者為低質(zhì)量文獻(xiàn)。
五、統(tǒng)計(jì)分析方法
采用Stata 12.1軟件進(jìn)行Meta分析。計(jì)數(shù)資料以O(shè)R表示[對(duì)于不同文獻(xiàn)采用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化發(fā)病比(SIR/SER)、OR和相對(duì)危險(xiǎn)度(RR),本研究均以O(shè)R替代],區(qū)間估計(jì)以95%CI表示,效應(yīng)量的檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)為α=0.05。各項(xiàng)研究之間采用Q檢驗(yàn)和I2檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行異質(zhì)性檢驗(yàn),當(dāng)P>0.100和I2≤50.000%時(shí),無異質(zhì)性,采用固定效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行合并分析;當(dāng)P≤0.100和I2>50.000%時(shí),存在異質(zhì)性,采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行合并分析。繪制漏斗圖并采用Begg法和Egger法對(duì)所納入文獻(xiàn)的潛在發(fā)表偏倚進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),以漏斗圖基本對(duì)稱、Begg法和Egger法P>0.05為不存在發(fā)表偏倚。
一、文獻(xiàn)檢索結(jié)果
經(jīng)初步篩選共計(jì)獲得相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)1832篇,英文1804篇、中文28篇,剔除重復(fù)文獻(xiàn)897篇,閱讀文題和摘要剔除843篇,進(jìn)一步閱讀全文剔除非隊(duì)列研究或病例對(duì)照研究和不符合納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的文獻(xiàn)81篇,最終納入11篇英文文獻(xiàn)[5-15]350 632例帕金森病患者。10篇報(bào)道帕金森病后腦腫瘤發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[5-14]、3篇報(bào)道腦腫瘤后帕金森病發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[9,12,15],其中2篇同時(shí)報(bào)道帕金森病發(fā)病前后腦腫瘤發(fā)病情況[9,12]。據(jù)NOS量表[4]質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),7篇[6,8,11-15]為高質(zhì)量文獻(xiàn)(評(píng)分>6分)、2篇[9-10]為中等質(zhì)量文獻(xiàn)(評(píng)分6分)、2篇[5,7]為低質(zhì)量文獻(xiàn)(評(píng)分<6分)。文獻(xiàn)篩選流程參見圖1,所納入11項(xiàng)臨床研究的基線資料和質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)參見表1。
圖1 文獻(xiàn)檢索流程圖Figure 1 Flow chart of literature search.
二、Meta分析結(jié)果
1.帕金森病患者腦腫瘤發(fā)病率有11項(xiàng)研究(包括13個(gè)發(fā)病率)[5-15]對(duì)帕金森病患者腦腫瘤發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行分析,各項(xiàng)研究之間存在異質(zhì)性(P= 0.000,I2=85.400%),故采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行合并效應(yīng)分析。結(jié)果顯示,帕金森病患者腦腫瘤發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高于健康人群(OR=1.370,95%CI:1.120~1.690,P=0.003;圖2),剔除2篇低質(zhì)量文獻(xiàn)后,帕金森病患者腦腫瘤發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)仍較高(OR=1.360,95%CI:1.080~1.720;P=0.008)。
2.按照發(fā)病順序行亞組分析根據(jù)帕金森病和腦腫瘤的發(fā)病順序進(jìn)行分層分析,有10項(xiàng)研究[5-14]對(duì)帕金森病后腦腫瘤發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行分析,各項(xiàng)研究之間存在異質(zhì)性(P=0.000,I2= 88.700%),故采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行合并效應(yīng)分析。3項(xiàng)研究[9,12,15]對(duì)腦腫瘤后帕金森病發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行分析,各項(xiàng)研究之間不存在異質(zhì)性(P=0.581,I2=0.000%),故采用固定效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行合并效應(yīng)分析。結(jié)果顯示,帕金森病后腦腫瘤發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高于健康人群(OR=1.430,95%CI:1.120~1.830;P=0.004),腦腫瘤后帕金森病發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與健康人群差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(OR=1.220,95%CI:0.900~1.640,P=0.203;圖2)。
3.按照地域行亞組分析根據(jù)各項(xiàng)研究所納入對(duì)象的地域來源,分為歐洲(8項(xiàng)研究[5-7,9-12,15])、北美洲(1項(xiàng)研究[8])和亞洲的中國臺(tái)灣地區(qū)(2項(xiàng)研究[13-14]),各項(xiàng)研究之間不存在異質(zhì)性(歐洲:P=0.600,I2= 0.000%;亞洲的中國臺(tái)灣地區(qū):P= 0.247,I2=25.300%),故采用固定效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行合并效應(yīng)分析。結(jié)果顯示,歐洲帕金森病患者腦腫瘤發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高于健康人群(OR=1.420,95%CI:1.290~1.560;P=0.000);亞洲的中國臺(tái)灣地區(qū)帕金森病患者腦腫瘤發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)亦高于健康人群(OR=2.590,95%CI:1.730~3.880,P=0.000;圖3)。
三、發(fā)表偏倚評(píng)價(jià)
漏斗圖可見各點(diǎn)基本對(duì)稱,表明發(fā)表偏倚較?。▓D4)。采用Begg法和Egger法分別對(duì)所納入臨床研究進(jìn)一步評(píng)價(jià),結(jié)果顯示發(fā)表偏倚較小(Begg法:P=0.583;Egger法:P=0.985)。
帕金森病是一種逐漸進(jìn)展的神經(jīng)變性病,目前尚無治愈辦法。其病因和發(fā)病機(jī)制尚未完全闡明,年齡、環(huán)境因素、遺傳因素、免疫力降低和神經(jīng)炎癥反應(yīng)等均在帕金森病的發(fā)病中起一定作用[16]。腫瘤是細(xì)胞克隆性異常增殖形成的惡性疾病,是多種危險(xiǎn)因素參與下癌基因激活和(或)抑癌基因失活的共同作用結(jié)果。帕金森病主要病理改變是黑質(zhì)多巴胺能神經(jīng)元凋亡,腫瘤則是細(xì)胞克隆性異常增殖,兩種疾病對(duì)應(yīng)細(xì)胞生長發(fā)育的兩個(gè)極端,二者同時(shí)發(fā)生的機(jī)制尚不明確。
表1 所納入的11項(xiàng)臨床研究的基線資料和質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)Table 1.Basic characteristics and quality assessment of the included 11 studies
早在1954年Doshay[17]發(fā)現(xiàn)帕金森病患者腫瘤發(fā)生率低于正常人群,自此帕金森病與腫瘤的關(guān)系逐漸受到重視,研究者們希望通過流行病學(xué)探討帕金森病與腫瘤之間的關(guān)系并從中尋找到可能的影響因素。大量流行病學(xué)調(diào)查顯示,除黑色素瘤外,其他大多數(shù)腫瘤在帕金森病患者中的發(fā)病率均較低。究其原因可能是由于帕金森病患者吸煙比例較少,但有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,帕金森病患者與吸煙無關(guān)聯(lián)性的腫瘤發(fā)生率也較低[2]。流行病學(xué)調(diào)查顯示,顱腦創(chuàng)傷是帕金森病危險(xiǎn)因素[18],并且Meta分析結(jié)果證實(shí),顱腦創(chuàng)傷后帕金森病發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加1.57倍(95%CI:1.350~1.830,P=0.000)[3]。本研究通過Meta分析的方法,系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)帕金森病與腦腫瘤發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的關(guān)系。共納入11項(xiàng)前瞻性隊(duì)列研究或病例對(duì)照研究計(jì)350 632例帕金森病患者,結(jié)果顯示,帕金森病患者腦腫瘤發(fā)生率是健康人群的1.37倍(95%CI:1.120~1.690,P=0.003),進(jìn)一步分層分析,帕金森病患者腦腫瘤發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)明顯增加,但有意思的是,腦腫瘤患者帕金森病發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與正常對(duì)照者無明顯差異,與以往的研究結(jié)果相反。既往有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,腦膜瘤、幕上腫瘤患者易發(fā)生偏側(cè)震顫麻痹和繼發(fā)性帕金森綜合征[19-20],考慮到本研究僅納入3篇報(bào)道腦腫瘤后帕金森病發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的文獻(xiàn),故這一結(jié)果的可靠性尚待更多高質(zhì)量研究的證實(shí)。按照地域進(jìn)行分層分析,歐洲和亞洲的中國臺(tái)灣地區(qū)的結(jié)果與總體結(jié)果一致,即帕金森病患者腦腫瘤發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)明顯增加。
關(guān)于帕金森病患者較高的腦腫瘤發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的原因,可以嘗試從以下幾方面進(jìn)行解釋:(1)α-突觸核蛋白(α-Syn)。帕金森病的主要病理改變?yōu)棣?Syn異常聚集,該蛋白質(zhì)同樣在多種腦腫瘤中呈較高表達(dá),如髓母細(xì)胞瘤、神經(jīng)母細(xì)胞瘤、松果體母細(xì)胞瘤、節(jié)神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)瘤、中樞神經(jīng)細(xì)胞瘤等,且表現(xiàn)出神經(jīng)分化的特性[21]。研究顯示,成骨肉瘤MG63細(xì)胞系中高表達(dá)α-Syn的細(xì)胞表現(xiàn)出分化為骨母細(xì)胞的特性[22]。(2)左旋多巴。左旋多巴是黑質(zhì)紋狀體多巴胺和皮膚細(xì)胞黑色素合成的底物,Skibba等[23]提出,左旋多巴可以導(dǎo)致帕金森病患者黑色素瘤復(fù)發(fā)。此后,左旋多巴的致癌作用尤其是導(dǎo)致黑色素瘤的作用受到廣泛關(guān)注。司來吉蘭聯(lián)合維生素E治療帕金森?。―ATATOP)試驗(yàn)顯示,與正常對(duì)照者相比,服用左旋多巴的患者黑色素瘤發(fā)生率升高,但是服用藥物前后黑色素瘤發(fā)生率相近,表明帕金森病患者黑色素瘤發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與左旋多巴胺無明顯關(guān)聯(lián)性[24]。因此,左旋多巴是否與腦腫瘤存在相關(guān)性尚無證據(jù)。(3)神經(jīng)炎癥反應(yīng)。小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的激活及其介導(dǎo)的神經(jīng)炎癥反應(yīng)在帕金森病的病程進(jìn)展中發(fā)揮重要作用[25]。炎癥反應(yīng)或神經(jīng)組織損傷導(dǎo)致的持續(xù)性炎癥反應(yīng)通過DNA損傷或促炎性因子促進(jìn)細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化,從而誘發(fā)腫瘤生長,在腫瘤發(fā)展的不同階段,炎癥反應(yīng)發(fā)揮決定性作用;此外,炎癥反應(yīng)還可以改變腫瘤細(xì)胞的生存環(huán)境,同時(shí)影響免疫監(jiān)視和對(duì)治療的反應(yīng)[26]。炎癥血腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)變的分子機(jī)制是近年來腫瘤基礎(chǔ)研究領(lǐng)域的熱點(diǎn)之一。盡管腫瘤與炎癥之間的直接因果關(guān)系尚未得到證實(shí),但炎癥反應(yīng)微環(huán)境是所有腫瘤發(fā)生和發(fā)展中的重要影響因素。因此我們有理由猜測(cè),炎癥可能作為連接帕金森病和腦腫瘤之間的橋梁,但其中具體機(jī)制,尚待進(jìn)一步的研究。(4)遺傳因素。E3泛素蛋白連接酶(PARK2)基因突變認(rèn)為是常染色體隱性遺傳性帕金森病早期發(fā)病的主要原因之一,PARK2基因在細(xì)胞生長和存活過程中發(fā)揮調(diào)節(jié)作用,PARK2基因突變后細(xì)胞生長抑制作用消失[27]。同源性磷酸酶-張力蛋白(PTEN)是一種抑癌基因,在腫瘤發(fā)生和發(fā)展中起重要作用,有研究顯示,DJ-1蛋白是PTEN基因的主要抑制因子,在多種腫瘤發(fā)生和發(fā)展過程中負(fù)性調(diào)節(jié)PTEN基因[28],亦可通過抑制氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)而抑制細(xì)胞凋亡[29-30]。膠質(zhì)瘤細(xì)胞胞質(zhì)高表達(dá)DJ-1蛋白,且與胞核高表達(dá)抑癌基因p53一致,而與原癌基因c-erbB1的表達(dá)產(chǎn)物血管內(nèi)皮生長因子受體(EGFR)基因擴(kuò)增相反[31];星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞瘤胞核DJ-1蛋白表達(dá)變化與患者生存率相關(guān)[29]。攜帶富亮氨酸重復(fù)序列激酶2(LRRK2)基因突變的帕金森病患者非皮膚癌和血液系統(tǒng)腫瘤發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)明顯增加[32-33]。
圖2 帕金森病與腦腫瘤發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的森林圖Figure 2 Forest plot for the correlation between PD and risk of brain tumor.
圖3 不同地區(qū)帕金森病與腦腫瘤發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的森林圖Figure 3 Forest plot for the correlation between PD and risk of brain tumor according to geographic region.
圖4 帕金森病與腦腫瘤發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)關(guān)系的漏斗圖Figure 4 Funnel plot for correlation between PD and risk of brain tumor.
本Meta分析納入的臨床研究經(jīng)過嚴(yán)格的篩選和質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià),除2篇低質(zhì)量文獻(xiàn)外,其余文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量均較高,且發(fā)表偏倚較小,具有較高的可信度,但是仍存在一些不足和局限性:(1)所納入的臨床研究異質(zhì)性較高。(2)直接研究帕金森病與腦腫瘤關(guān)系的研究較少。(3)納入文獻(xiàn)中報(bào)道腦腫瘤分類的文獻(xiàn)較少,故無法根據(jù)腫瘤類別進(jìn)行更細(xì)致的分層分析。(4)大部分研究報(bào)道帕金森病后腦腫瘤發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)且主要是針對(duì)歐洲人群的研究,而關(guān)于腦腫瘤后帕金森病的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以及北美洲和亞洲人群的研究較少,故分層分析的結(jié)果尚待進(jìn)一步證實(shí)。盡管中國大陸地區(qū)有龐大的帕金森病和腦腫瘤患者,但仍缺乏對(duì)帕金森病與腦腫瘤發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的研究,故本Meta分析結(jié)果缺乏中國大陸地區(qū)人群的研究數(shù)據(jù)。
綜上所述,本Meta分析證實(shí)帕金森病患者腦腫瘤發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高于健康人群,提示在今后的臨床工作中,應(yīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到雖然一般情況下帕金森病患者罹患腫瘤的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較正常人群降低,但不能忽視帕金森病患者發(fā)生腦腫瘤的可能。其具體作用機(jī)制尚待后續(xù)研究進(jìn)一步探討。
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Parkinson's disease and risk of brain tumor:a Meta-analysis
YANG Xiao-dong,XU Shao-qing,QIAN Yi-wei,XIAO Qin
Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology,Ruijin Hospital,School of Medicine,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200025,China
< class="emphasis_italic">Corresponding author:XIAO Qin(Email:xiaoqin67@medmail.com.cn)
XIAO Qin(Email:xiaoqin67@medmail.com.cn)
ObjectiveTo assess the correlation between Parkinson's disease(PD)and brain tumor.MethodsTaking Parkinson's disease,tumor,cancer in Chinese,and PD,Parkinson's disease,tumor, cancer,neoplasm in English as the key words,prospective cohort studies and case-control studies on relation between PD and brain tumor were searched by using PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE/SCOPUS, Cochrane Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Data,and VIP database from January 1965 to July 2016,assisted by manual searching.Quality assessment and Meta-analysis were made by using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS)and Stata 12.1 software.ResultsA total of 11 studies with a total number of 350 632 PD patients were included in the overall analysis after excluding duplicate ones and those which did not meet the inclusion criteria from 1832 articles.Meta-analysis showed that compared with healthy people,PD patients had an increased risk of brain tumor(OR=1.370,95%CI:1.120-1.690;P=0.003),and the result was consistent after excluding 2 low-quality articles(OR=1.360,95%CI:1.080-1.720;P=0.008).Further stratified analyses according to disease onset time and regional difference showed that brain tumor occurrence in PD patients was significantly higher than healthy people only after the diagnosis of PD(OR=1.430,95%CI:1.120-1.830;P=0.004).The geographical subgroup analyses showed a higher risk of brain tumor among PD patients in Europe(OR=1.420,95%CI:1.290-1.560;P= 0.000)and Taiwan area of China in Asia(OR=2.590,95%CI:1.730-3.880;P=0.000)compared with healthy people.Funnel plot,Begg test(P=0.583)and Egger test(P=0.985)showed there was no bias.ConclusionsPD patients have a higher risk of brain tumor.
Parkinson disease;Brain neoplasms;Meta-analysis
2016-12-02)
10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.01.006
上海市科學(xué)技術(shù)委員會(huì)科研計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(項(xiàng)目編號(hào):14ZR1425700)
200025上海交通大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬瑞金醫(yī)院神經(jīng)科上海交通大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院神經(jīng)病學(xué)研究所
肖勤(Email:xiaoqin67@medmail.com.cn)