葛巧會
摘 要:運用文體學知識對黃山旅游景點介紹進行文體分析,了解旅游景點介紹詞匯和語義的一般性特征,分析介紹是否既能形象生動的介紹黃山又能激發(fā)讀者閱讀興趣,吸引讀者旅游。
關鍵詞:文體學;詞匯;語義
[中圖分類號]:H15 [文獻標識碼]:A
[文章編號]:1002-2139(2017)-06--01
文體學主要研究具體環(huán)境下的語言運用。語言的文體特征可從詞匯,語法,修辭,語境,連接五個方面著手Leech&Short (2001),本文主要分析詞匯和語義。
一、詞匯
詞匯是語言學中最小的能獨立表達特定字面意義和現(xiàn)實意義的單位。本文從詞匯密度、描述性詞語使用、具體數(shù)字三方面分析。
1.1詞匯密度
詞匯密度反映篇章小句實詞所占比例,通過詞匯密度可以了解文章信息量及難度。本文采用Halliday(1985)篇章詞匯密度計算法,即(詞項數(shù)量/篇章單詞總量)×100%=篇章平均每百字所含詞項數(shù)量。Halliday對英語口語體和書面語體材料作對比,發(fā)現(xiàn)非正式英語日??谡Z語篇的平均詞匯密度為1.5-2,書面語篇平均詞匯密度為3-6。
Located in southern Anhui Province,Mount Huangshan,|or Yellow Mountain covers an area of 250 square kilo-meters,|of which 154 square kilometers are key scenic attractions.
(3個分句,20個詞項,詞匯密度約為6.7 )
The pines on the mountain are tall |and have fascinating shapes.
(2個分句,7個詞項,詞匯密度為3.5)
Mt Huangshan holds the charms of all other famous mountains in China,|and claims to be “the most spectacular mountain in the world”
(2個分句,15個詞項,詞匯密度為7.5)
1.2描述性詞語
abrupt, grandeur, delicate, tall, fascinating, misty, cloudy, spectacular, magnificent, precipitous, graceful, pouring, integrated, strange, grotesque, amazing, quantitative, brilliant, distinctive描述性詞語可以把景點生動形象的展現(xiàn)在讀者眼前,引起讀者興趣,想象和向往,勾起旅游愿望。
1.3具體數(shù)字
250/154 square kilo-meters, 72 shaped peaks, 1800m, 1500 years, 200 days, 400 scenic attractions, 2 lakes, 3 waterfalls, 16 springs, 24 streams等具體數(shù)字使文章更真實,客觀;給讀者心靈震撼。
二、語義
本文從擬人,排比,夸張的修辭手法進行分析。
擬人:The broad-minded mountain has accepted and melted together in itself the cultural ideologies and events of all times and classes, and formed the distinctive culture of its own.
黃山像人一樣具有博大情懷,將物賦予生命,使黃山氣勢宏博,容納萬物的形象更加生動,突出黃山的特征。
排比 :It is as magnificent as Mt Taishan, precipitous as Mt Huashan, graceful as Mt Emei, and has the misty cloud of Mt Hengshan, the delicate rocks of Mt Yandan, and the pouring waterfalls of Mt Lushan.
將黃山與泰山,華山,衡山,廬山做對比,使讀者直觀感受到黃山的獨特,增加黃山吸引力。運用排比,增加句式節(jié)奏和氣勢,使讀者讀起來也朗朗上口。
夸 張:As the clouds cloak the mountain, they give a feeling of being in fairyland.
云?;\罩的黃山如人間仙境,既突出黃山在云?;\罩下的美,也起到喊話作用,勾起讀者旅游欲望。
三、總結
這篇介紹語言較正式,句子較長,難度指數(shù)偏高。但是文章主要目的是增加游客數(shù)量,吸引潛在游客注意力,所以作者使用一些寫作手法來增強文章可讀性和吸引力,達到宣傳景點、勾起讀者旅游欲望的效果。
參考文獻:
[1]Halliday, M.A.K.Spoken and Written English. Geelong,Victoria: Deakin University Press.1985.
[2]Leech & Short, Style in Fiction, London: Longman Group Ltd, 2007.