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2016柯林斯年度詞匯

2017-04-04 00:37ByJacobStolworthy
英語學(xué)習(xí) 2017年2期
關(guān)鍵詞:水門唐納德撒切爾

By+Jacob+Stolworthy

“Brexit” has been named the word of the year by Collins Dictionary having been deemed “politics most important contribution to the language for 40 years.”1

According to Collins, the first recorded usage of the word arrived in 2013 but 2016 saw a 3,400% rise due to the EU referendum in June and the ensuing fallout.2

Collins head of language Helen Newstead likened the terms importance to the way in which the Watergate scandal3 saw the word—gate added as a suffix “to make any incident infinitely more compelling.”

Following up Brexits rear was “Trumpism” which has been derived from the name of US president Donald Trump.4“Trump is not the first politician to have had his name co-opted by language,” Newstead continued, citing“Thatcherism” and “Reaganomics” as previous examples.5 She stated that: “The longevity6 of ‘Trumpism as a word may depend on his success in the election.”

The third entrant in Collins list is “hygge”, a Danish concept of creating cosy and convivial atmospheres that promote wellbeing.7

Other words to feature include “mic drop”—a theatrical gesture in which a person drops a hand-held microphone as the finale to a speech; “snowflake generation”—the collective name for the young adults of the 2010s, and “JOMO” which is the joy of missing out.8

Collins 10 words of the year can be found below with their full definitions:

1) Brexit: the withdrawal9 of the United Kingdom from the European Union

2) dude food10: junk food such as hot dogs, burgers, etc considered particularly appealing to men

3) hygge: a concept, originating in Denmark, of creating cosy and convivial atmospheres that promote wellbeing

4) JOMO (acronym11): joy of missing out: pleasure gained from enjoying ones current activities without worrying that other people are having more fun

5) mic drop: a theatrical gesture in which a person drops (or imitates the action of dropping) a hand-held microphone to the ground as the finale to a speech or performance

6) sharenting12: the habitual use of social media to share news, images, etc. of ones children

7) snowflake generation: the young adults of the 2010s, viewed as being less resilient and more prone to taking offence than previous generations13

8) throw shade: to make a public show of contempt for someone or something, often in a subtle or non-verbal manner14

9) Trumpism: (1) the policies advocated by the US politician Donald Trump, especially those involving a rejection of the current political establishment and the vigorous pursuit of US national interests15 (2) a controversial or outrageous statement attributed to Donald Trump16

10) uberization: the adoption of a business model in which services are offered on demand through direct contact between a customer and supplier, usually via mobile technology17

1. Brexit: 英國脫歐,由Britan和exit復(fù)合而成,指英國脫離歐盟; deem: 認(rèn)為。

2. EU referendum: 歐盟的全民投票,EU即歐盟(European Union);ensuing: 接著發(fā)生的;fallout: 附帶結(jié)果,余波。

3. Watergate Scandal:水門事件,水門丑聞,水門大廈是華盛頓特區(qū)一綜合大廈,1972年6月17日夜間共和黨有關(guān)人員潛入大廈內(nèi)民主黨全國委員會(huì)總部而被捕,暴露了共和黨政府在總統(tǒng)競選中的非法活動(dòng),導(dǎo)致美國歷史上首次的總統(tǒng)辭職(時(shí)任總統(tǒng)為尼克松)。

4. Trumpism: 特朗普主義,即美國總統(tǒng)唐納德·特朗普的政治主張;derive from: 源自。

5. co-opt: 吸收,同化;Thatcherism: 撒切爾主義,指英國前首相撒切爾夫人采取的一系列政治主張;Reaganomics: 里根經(jīng)濟(jì)政策,由Reagan與economics復(fù)合而成。

6. longevity: 壽命,指該詞的使用期限。

7. entrant: 新成員;hygge: 源于丹麥人的一種生活方式,代表“舒適安逸”;cosy: 暖和舒適的,安逸的;convivial: 快活的,歡樂的;wellbeing: 安樂,安康。

8. feature: 特寫;micdrop: 扔話筒,是指在表演或演講結(jié)束之際故意摔掉或扔掉麥克風(fēng)的舉動(dòng),以此來引人矚目;finale: 終曲,結(jié)局; snowflake generation: 雪花一代,指2010年后出生的年輕一代,通常被認(rèn)為適應(yīng)性較差,極其易怒;JOMO: 即joy of missing out,因錯(cuò)過而快樂,指網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)代能關(guān)注自己的事、享受自己的生活,不再擔(dān)心錯(cuò)過別人的動(dòng)態(tài);而是能享受自己的生活。

9. withdrawal: 退出,不參加。

10. dude food: 純爺們食物,dude一詞源于英國,本意是“紈绔子弟、花花公子”,后泛指男人、哥們,dude food于是用來指代男人喜歡的食物,主要是熱狗、漢堡這類垃圾食品。

11. acronym: 首字母縮略語。

12. sharenting: 曬娃行為,指有“秀娃”習(xí)慣父母們每天熱衷于在社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)上分享孩子的動(dòng)態(tài),展示寶貝的可愛。

13. resilient: 有彈性的,能適應(yīng)的;prone to: 易于……的。

14. throw shade: 公然蔑視;contempt: 蔑視;subtle: 不易察覺的;non-verbal:非語言的。

15. 美國政治家唐納德·特朗普所倡導(dǎo)的政策,尤其指那些摒棄當(dāng)前政治體制并積極追求美國國家利益的政策。advocate: 提倡,主張;rejection: 摒棄,廢棄; vigorous: 強(qiáng)勁有力的。

16. controversial: 備受爭議的;outrageous:毫無節(jié)制的,肆無忌憚的;attribute to: 認(rèn)為……出自(某人)。

17. uberization: 優(yōu)步化,Uber(優(yōu)步,一款打車軟件)加后綴-ization組成,指通過移動(dòng)技術(shù),在服務(wù)者和用戶之間直接建立聯(lián)系的商業(yè)模式;adoption: 采取。

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