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揚子北緣下高川盆地上泥盆統(tǒng)鐵礦梁組沉積物源分析

2017-04-27 08:54賈曉彤張英利王宗起王坤明王剛
地球科學與環(huán)境學報 2017年1期
關鍵詞:鋯石鐵礦花崗巖

賈曉彤+張英利+王宗起+王坤明+王剛

摘要:下高川盆地為揚子地塊和秦嶺造山帶結合處的特殊構造單元,其構造演化與相鄰的構造單元存在明顯差異,晚泥盆世尤為突出。為全面理解下高川盆地的構造演化,重點研究了下高川盆地上泥盆統(tǒng)鐵礦梁組砂巖的沉積物源。以石英砂巖為研究對象,分析重礦物組成,進而進行電氣石電子探針分析和LAMCICPMS鋯石UPb定年。砂巖樣品的閃鋅礦、白鈦石、鈦鐵礦重礦物組合說明其物源為巖漿巖。電氣石電子探針分析結果表明,鐵礦梁組石英砂巖主要來自于變質板巖和變質砂巖,少量為貧鋰花崗巖類、偉晶巖和細晶巖。砂巖鋯石UPb年齡譜分析表明,鐵礦梁組砂巖的主要物源來自425~530 Ma的天水和丹鳳花崗巖、佛坪片麻巖、清水英安巖,以及578~982 Ma的柞水(黑溝)堿性花崗巖、天水和西峽的花崗質片麻巖、丹鳳和盧氏的花崗巖。另外,1 015~1 551 Ma的佛坪黑云母斜長片麻巖,1 658~1 957 Ma的太白和寶雞花崗巖、佛坪片麻巖,2 329~2 502 Ma的丹鳳石榴黑云斜長片麻巖和2 625~3 147 Ma的商南太古宙結晶基底巖石均經歷多次搬運,為揚子北緣下高川盆地提供次要物源。綜合區(qū)域資料,晚泥盆世的物源大致來自北部,同時古地理格局表現(xiàn)為天水、丹鳳、清水、西峽等地區(qū)巖體隆升剝蝕,成為物源區(qū),而在華北古陸與揚子北緣下高川盆地之間可能存在多個較小古陸,如佛坪也屬于物源區(qū)。

關鍵詞:沉積物源;鐵礦梁組;晚泥盆世;重礦物;電氣石電子探針;鋯石UPb年齡;下高川盆地;揚子北緣

中圖分類號:P512.2文獻標志碼:A

Abstract: Xiagaochuan Basin is a special tectonic unit between Yangtze Block and Qinling orogen. The tectonic evolution of Late Devonian is obviously different from that of the adjacent tectonic units. In order to understand the tectonic evolution of Xiagaochuan Basin, the sediment provenance of sandstone of Upper Devonian Tiekuangliang Formation was studied. Taking quartz sandstone as the research object, heavy mineral assemblages were analyzed, and then the tourmaline electron microprobe analysis and LAMCICPMS zircon UPb dating were determined, respectively. The heavy mineral assemblages of sphalerite, leucite and ilmenite indicate that they can be provided by magmatic rocks. The tourmaline electron microprobe analysis shows that the sandstone from Tiekuangliang Formation is mainly from metapelites and metapsammites, and a small amount of Lipoor granitoids and associated pegmatites and aplites. The zircon UPb age spectra of sandstone suggest that the provenance of sandstone from 〖JP+2〗Tiekuangliang Formation mainly comes from the rocks with the ages of 425530 Ma and 578982 Ma. The 425530 Ma rocks are Tianshui and Danfeng granites, Foping gneiss and Qingshui dacite; the 578982 Ma rocks are Zhashui (Heigou) alkaline granite, Tianshui and Xixia gneisses, and Danfeng and Lushi granites. Furthermore, the rocks including 1 0151 551 Ma Foping biotite plagioclase gneiss, 1 6581 957 Ma Taibai and Baoji granites, and Foping gneiss, 2 3292 502 Ma Danfeng garnet gneiss, and 2 6253 147 Ma Shangnan Archean crystalline basement, have undergone several transportation and provided secondary provenance from Xiagaochuan Basin, the northern margin of Yangtze Plate. Based on the regional data, the Late Devonian provenance is roughly from the north. Meantime, the paleogeographic pattern shows that the rocks in Tianshui, Danfeng, Qingshui and Xixia areas are uplifted and eroded, becoming the provenance areas. Moreover, there are many small oldlands between North China paleoland and Xiagaochuan Basin, the northern margin of Yangtze Plate, such as Foping, which is also the provenance area.

Key words: sediment provenance; Tiekuangliang Formation; Late Devonian; heavy mineral; tourmaline electron microprobe; zircon UPb age; Xiagaochuan Basin; the northern margin of Yangtze Plate

0引言

下高川盆地位于揚子地塊和秦嶺造山帶結合處,地層分區(qū)上屬于褚河地層小區(qū)。其獨特的構造位置成為研究秦嶺造山帶和揚子地塊演化的理想場所。桑寶樑等對下高川地區(qū)進行了大量研究,建立了研究區(qū)地層格架[15]。與周邊的構造單元相比較,下高川盆地有著獨特的沉積序列,發(fā)育震旦系、寒武系、上泥盆統(tǒng)—下三疊統(tǒng)地層,缺失奧陶系、志留系和中—下泥盆統(tǒng)。李瑞保等認為其早期的構造演化和勉略帶大致相似,是晚古生代勉略裂谷的一部分,從勉略帶上擠入到大巴山沖斷推覆構造帶與大巴山前陸構造帶之間,并被挾持在大巴山構造帶淺部[68]。梅志超等認為泥盆紀時期南秦嶺向北俯沖的同時,地殼首先與南側的勉縣—巴山斷裂帶沿線發(fā)生擴張,演化成有限洋盆,與揚子地塊分離,逐漸演化成裂陷盆地與斷塊隆起相間的格局[9]。沉積學研究表明,南秦嶺泥盆系是被古陸分隔的幾個裂陷盆地的沉積產物,有南北成帶、東西分隔的趨勢[1011]。下高川盆地作為晚古生代秦嶺南緣裂谷[12]或新生坳拉槽的一部分[13],只保留了沉積序列,晚泥盆世總體表現(xiàn)為緩坡型碳酸鹽臺地體系[12]。因此,對于下高川盆地的演化仍然存在著爭議。

沉積物源分析(包括碎屑鋯石UPb定年和電子探針分析等)可以確定沉積物源區(qū)巖石年齡、性質等[1418],反演物源區(qū)的剝露過程[13,19],為構造演化提供進一步證據(jù)。本文以下高川盆地上泥盆統(tǒng)鐵礦梁組(D3t)砂巖沉積物源為研究對象,分析重礦物,進而對電氣石、碎屑鋯石進行電子探針和LAICPMS測年分析;根據(jù)野外數(shù)據(jù)和獲取的測試結果,綜合分析下高川盆地晚泥盆世沉積物的源區(qū)母巖性質,結合區(qū)域地質特征及前人研究成果,確定其源區(qū)特征,為下高川盆地的構造演化提供依據(jù)。

1區(qū)域地質背景

下高川盆地位于揚子地塊和秦嶺造山帶結合處,發(fā)育兩條深大斷裂,即大巴山斷裂和紅椿壩斷裂(圖1)。大巴山斷裂主要由星子山—斷頭崖斷裂、大市川—斷頭崖斷裂和大市川—麻柳壩斷裂組成,大巴山斷裂所夾持的地區(qū)即為下高川盆地,星子山—斷頭崖斷裂以西為南大巴山地區(qū),大巴山斷裂以東為北大巴山地區(qū),而北大巴山地區(qū)又被紅椿壩斷裂所分隔[2224]。研究區(qū)在地層分區(qū)上屬于褚河小區(qū),發(fā)育地層包括震旦系、寒武系、上泥盆統(tǒng)、石炭系、二疊系和中—下三疊統(tǒng),其中震旦系以灰?guī)r和含碳質泥質頁巖為主。寒武系主要為灰?guī)r及白云巖,寒武系與上泥盆統(tǒng)呈平行不整合接觸,上泥盆統(tǒng)與上覆石炭系為整合接觸。上泥盆統(tǒng)鐵礦梁組主要為灰褐色石英砂巖夾灰黑色薄層鈣質泥巖;蟠龍山組(D3p)為深灰及灰色的薄、厚層狀生物碎屑灰?guī)r。石炭系灰?guī)r最發(fā)育,二疊系為灰黑色粉砂巖、泥巖,中—下三疊統(tǒng)發(fā)育灰黃色及淺灰色白云質灰?guī)r、灰?guī)r夾泥巖,與下伏二疊系為斷層或平行不整合接觸。北大巴山地區(qū)發(fā)育早古生代地層以及基性侵入巖;南大巴山地區(qū)出露二疊紀—早三疊世灰?guī)r。

2沉積學特征

本次工作對下高川盆地鎮(zhèn)巴地區(qū)火焰溪剖面上泥盆統(tǒng)鐵礦梁組進行詳細觀測(圖2)。結果表明:鐵礦梁組與上覆蟠龍山組灰?guī)r呈整合接觸,與下伏寒武紀白云巖呈平行不整合接觸;鐵礦梁組主要為灰褐色石英砂巖夾灰黑色薄層鈣質泥巖;泥巖中發(fā)育黃鐵礦結核,砂巖中可見泥巖團塊和植物碎屑。顯微鏡下,鐵礦梁組砂巖主要由石英組成,長石和巖屑含量較少,分選較好,磨圓一般,為次棱角—次圓狀,砂巖為顆粒支撐結構,雜基含量較低,說明沉積物經過了較長距離的搬運和篩選。黃鐵礦結核的出現(xiàn)表明其處于還原環(huán)境。綜合以上特征認為,鐵礦梁組沉積環(huán)境為濱岸相。

3分析方法

樣品12HYX11采自位于陜西省鎮(zhèn)巴縣興隆場東的火焰溪剖面上泥盆統(tǒng)鐵礦梁組,采樣坐標為(32°35′16″N,108°03′20″E)(圖1),剖面內采樣位置見圖2。樣品12HYX11為石英砂巖,質量約8 kg。

3.1重礦物分析

重砂鑒定分析在河北省區(qū)域地質礦產調查研究所實驗室完成。首先取樣品10 kg進行碎樣,篩分之后分別進行淘洗、磁選、電磁選等,計算各種重礦物含量(質量分數(shù),下同)。挑選重礦物中的電氣石和鋯石,以便進行電子探針分析和LAMCICPMS鋯石UPb定年測試分析。

3.2電氣石電子探針分析

電子探針分析在中國地質大學(北京)電子探針實驗室完成,儀器型號為日本島津公司生產的EPMA1600。測試條件包括:加速電壓為15 kV,激發(fā)電流為10 nA,電子束直徑為1 μm。測試結果采用ZAF法修正。分析標樣采用磁鐵礦(Fe)、鈉長石(Si、Na、Al)、磷灰石(Ca、P)、金紅石(Ti)、薔薇輝石(Mn)、透長石(K)、橄欖石(Mg)、螢石(F)等。主元素(含量高于20%)允許的相對誤差不高于5%;含量在3%~20%之間的元素允許相對誤差不高于10%;含量在1%~3%之間的元素允許的相對誤差不高于30%;而含量在05%~10%之間的元素允許的相對誤差低于50%。基于31個氧原子[2526],采用Excel經驗公式[27]對電子探針分析數(shù)據(jù)進行處理。

3.3碎屑鋯石UPb定年

樣品碎樣和鋯石的挑選工作在河北省區(qū)域地質礦產調查研究所實驗室完成。鋯石樣品的制靶工作由中國地質科學院地質研究所大陸構造與動力學國家重點實驗室完成。鋯石的陰極發(fā)光(CL)圖像在中國地質科學院地質研究所HITACHI S3000N型掃描電子顯微鏡及GATAN公司Chroma陰極發(fā)光探頭分析儀器上完成的。鋯石UPb年齡測定之前,依據(jù)透射光圖像、反射光圖像和陰極發(fā)光圖像,對碎屑鋯石樣品隨機圈定裂隙和包裹體不發(fā)育的顆粒。LAMCICPMS鋯石UPb定年在中國地質調查局天津地質調查中心同位素實驗室完成,詳細試驗過程參見文獻[28]和[29]。采用GJ1作為外部鋯石年齡標準進行U、Pb同位素分餾校正[30]。利用NIST612玻璃標樣作為外標計算鋯石樣品的Pb、U、Th含量。數(shù)據(jù)處理采用ICPMSDataCal程序[31],普通Pb校正采用Anderson方法[32],鋯石年齡諧和圖由Isoplot 3.0程序完成[33]。

對于鋯石年齡大于1 000 Ma的數(shù)據(jù),采用N(207Pb)/N(206Pb)年齡,而對于年齡小于1 000 Ma的數(shù)據(jù),采用n(206Pb)/n(238U)年齡[3435]。以n(206Pb)/n(238U)年齡和N(207Pb)/N(206Pb)年齡的比值作為標準遴選UPb年齡數(shù)據(jù)[14,34,3638],不諧和度絕對值不高于10%的數(shù)據(jù)為有效數(shù)據(jù)。

4結果分析

4.1重礦物組分

鐵礦梁組砂巖識別的重礦物主要有鋯石、金紅石、黃鐵礦、電氣石、閃鋅礦、白鈦石、鈦鐵礦等(表1)。主要重礦物為黃鐵礦和鋯石,含量分別為5672%和2615%,金紅石和電氣石次之。顯微鏡下,粉黃色鋯石較少,約占鋯石總量的35%,呈半自形,搬運痕跡不太明顯,推測距母巖區(qū)較近;另外〖CM(22〗一種鋯石是褐玫瑰色,約占鋯石總量的65%,磨圓度較高,分選性較好,推測鋯石經一定距離搬運。重礦物分析中,由于在還原作用下可形成自生黃鐵礦,所以黃鐵礦體積分數(shù)對于物源分析沒有指示意義。金紅石和電氣石有多種來源,故礦物本身不能確定母巖類型。其余礦物組合(如閃鋅礦、白鈦石、鈦鐵礦)可指示物源來自巖漿巖。

4.2電氣石電子探針分析

樣品12HYX11電氣石背散射圖像中無明顯的〖LL〗核邊結構,成分比較均一(圖3),而且電子探針數(shù)據(jù)也表明,電氣石的核部成分與其他部位無明顯差異(圖3中6、7、8),很少受外部侵蝕。電氣石顆粒呈棱角—次圓狀,磨圓由較差到較好,但次棱—次圓居多,說明物源未經搬運或者經過短距離搬運。

電子探針分析結果顯示(表2),電氣石成分中除SiO2之外,Al2O3[KG-30x]占的比例較大,MgO和FeO依〖CM(22〗次減小,而且FeO、Al2O3[KG-30x]含量與SiO2含量呈負相關關系,而MgO含量與SiO2[KG-20x]含量呈正相關關系(相關系數(shù)為0.6)。在AlFeMg三元圖解[圖4(a)]中,電氣石物源來自變質板巖和變質砂巖,少量來自貧鋰花崗巖類及其伴生的偉晶巖和細晶巖,以及富鐵電氣石石英巖、鈣質硅酸鹽巖和變質板巖;在CaFeMg三元圖解[圖4(b)]中,電氣物源石主要源自貧鈣變質板巖、變質砂巖和電氣石石英巖,少量來自貧鋰花崗巖類及其伴生的偉晶巖和細晶巖。因此,綜合AlFeMg、CaFeMg三元圖解(圖4),筆者認為鐵礦梁組石英砂巖主要來自于變質板巖和變質砂巖,少量為貧鋰花崗巖類、偉晶巖和細晶巖。

4.3碎屑鋯石UPb年齡

〖HJ51x〗對砂巖樣品12HYX11進行LAMCICPMS鋯石UPb定年,共分析碎屑鋯石顆粒109個,獲得有效年齡108個(表3)。其UPb諧和曲線及UPb年齡譜圖見圖5。鋯石年齡分布于425~3 142 Ma,集中分布于425~530、578~982 Ma,峰值較明顯,而1 658~1 957、2 329~2 502、1 015~1 551、2 625~3 147 Ma區(qū)間相對分散,沒有明顯的峰值。主要年齡峰值與區(qū)域上主要構造事件大致對應:425~530 Ma記錄了早古生代晚加里東期—早海西期北秦嶺發(fā)生較大規(guī)模的造山運動[9,4143];而578~982 Ma記錄了新元古代早期秦嶺造山帶發(fā)生洋殼俯沖、陸陸碰撞事件造山作用,以及之后秦嶺造山帶中秦嶺與揚子克拉通北緣發(fā)生了大規(guī)模裂解[4448]。

大部分鋯石磨圓較好,形態(tài)不完整,是典型的碎屑鋯石(圖6),經歷了多次搬運,直接來自于沉積巖源區(qū)。而部分磨圓較差、較完整的巖漿鋯石和變質鋯石可能直接來自于巖漿巖和變質巖源區(qū)。另外,大多數(shù)碎屑鋯石具有規(guī)律的振蕩環(huán)帶,w(Th)/w(U)值大于04,而且Th、U含量高(圖6中25、82、88、91、92等),指示其屬于巖漿成因;還有部分碎屑鋯石明顯具有變質特征(如出現(xiàn)明顯的白色變質邊)(圖6中53、70、75),屬于變質成因。

5討論

〖BT2#〗5.1沉積物源

揚子北緣下高川盆地所處的秦巴地區(qū)由于早古生代晚期的南北地塊逐漸拼合,晚古生代時結束了活動的地質發(fā)展階段,進入相對穩(wěn)定期,從早泥盆世開始,緩慢海侵,直到晚泥盆世,海水逐漸變通暢,水〖CM(22〗域擴大[4849]。巖相古地理資料表明,巴山弧形斷裂對其到商丹縫合帶之間的南秦嶺陸緣弧后裂谷盆地的發(fā)育影響明顯,導致靠近斷裂一側為盆地中心,古地形上北高南低,并使盆地呈南傾斜的不對稱箕狀[50]。而且,秦嶺總體呈北高南低的古地形特征,海侵總體呈SW—NE向[51]。高川地區(qū)僅發(fā)育上泥盆統(tǒng)地層,上部蟠龍山組地層厚度大于下部的鐵礦梁組濱岸相地層。因此,下高川盆地雖然形成較晚,但是充填序列仍顯示向上變細變深[9],甚至鐵礦梁組的沉積厚度自北而南逐漸變薄[5]。

在泥盆紀時期,秦巴地區(qū)的沉積中心不斷遷移,晚泥盆世海侵范圍達到最大,北達天水、太白、周至、商縣的南側,南部東段已到西鄉(xiāng)—鎮(zhèn)巴—旬陽,佛坪地區(qū)成為被海水包圍的佛坪島,西峽位于秦巴地區(qū)的東側,屬華北古陸。由于南部的揚子古陸以及若爾蓋古陸地形高差不大,碎屑物供給極少,主要陸屑供給仍是北部的華北古陸[52]。因此,綜合區(qū)域資料,筆者認為晚泥盆世的物源大致來自北部。

5.2鋯石UPb年齡譜

源自425~530 Ma的鋯石顆粒約占總數(shù)的15%。大部分鋯石顆粒自形程度高,具有明顯的振蕩環(huán)帶(圖6中56、82、88、91、92),w(Th)/w(U)值大于04,而且Th、U含量高,指示其屬于巖漿成因。已有的研究資料顯示:北大巴山地區(qū)基性巖墻的鋯石年齡為400~450 Ma[5358];天水二長花崗巖的LAICPMS鋯石UPb年齡為(438±3)Ma[59];清水新城英安巖的SHRIMP鋯石UPb年齡為(447±8)Ma[60];丹鳳奧長花崗巖的單顆粒鋯石PbPb年齡為(490±10)Ma[61];秦嶺佛坪變質結晶巖系龍草坪黑云斜長片麻巖SHRIMP鋯石UPb年齡為430~510 Ma[62]。上述巖石年齡與本文中處于425~530 Ma的碎屑鋯石年齡接近,而且與新元古代北秦嶺向華北陸塊聚合時間(423~470 Ma)、沿商丹縫合帶發(fā)育的俯沖作用時間(422~514 Ma)一致[63],因此,該期間產出的巖體為鐵礦梁組提供物源。重礦物分析中缺少基性巖的指相礦物(如輝石或者尖晶石等),因此,北大巴山的基性巖墻為鐵礦梁組提供物源的可能性極小。電氣石電子探針分析結果顯示,鐵礦梁組主要來自于變質板巖和變質砂巖,少量物源為貧鋰花崗巖類、偉晶巖和細晶巖。另外,鋯石基本呈棱角狀,說明搬運距離較短。因此,鐵礦梁組的沉積物可能直接來自天水和丹鳳的花崗巖、佛坪的片麻巖和清水的英安巖。

源自578~982 Ma的碎屑鋯石顆粒為48個,占總碎屑顆粒的4486%。大部分鋯石呈自形;鋯石陰極發(fā)光圖像(圖6中37、75、90)顯示,巖漿環(huán)帶明顯,Th、U含量較高,w(Th)/w(U)值大于04,指示其為巖漿成因。少部分鋯石(圖6中53、70、75)為變質成因,可見白色變質邊。結合區(qū)域巖體的年齡分布,本次研究的鋯石年齡多與盧氏牛角山巖體的S型花崗巖體和花崗巖脈(SHRIMP鋯石UPb年齡為(955±13)、(929±25)Ma[64])、丹鳳石槽溝花崗巖(LAICPMS鋯石UPb年齡為(925±11)Ma[65])、天水元龍花崗質片麻巖(SHRIMP鋯石UPb年齡為(924.2±2.7)、(914.7±7.6)Ma[66])、天水新陽花崗質片麻巖(SHRIMP鋯石UPb年齡為(9785±4.8)Ma[67])、西峽德河黑云母二長花崗片麻巖(SHRIMP鋯石UPb年齡為(943±18)Ma[68])一致。對應的鋯石形態(tài)表明其多為圓—次圓狀(圖6中37、84、95),說明源巖經歷多次搬運到達研究區(qū)。而少量棱角狀(圖6中45)鋯石顆粒經過較短距離到達鐵礦梁組,與來自柞水(黑溝)的堿性花崗巖年齡(SHRIMP鋯石UPb年齡為(686±10)Ma[69])一致。由巖相古地理資料可知,晚泥盆世的柞水地區(qū)由于海水進一步入侵成為沉降區(qū)[52],所以柞水(黑溝)堿性花崗巖成為物源區(qū)的可能性較小。綜合電氣石電子探針分析結果、區(qū)域巖體的年齡分布以及鋯石形態(tài),天水和西峽的花崗片麻巖以及丹鳳和盧氏的花崗巖經歷多次搬運,為鐵礦梁組提供物源。

源自1 015~1 551 Ma的鋯石約占碎屑鋯石總數(shù)的14%,具有典型的環(huán)帶結構,部分鋯石屬于面狀結構,w(Th)/w(U)值為014~146,指示其為典型的巖漿鋯石。新元古代同造山期的花崗巖侵入體集中分布于秦嶺造山帶的“北秦嶺變質體”之中,幾乎都經歷了變質作用,并形成片麻巖[46]。1 015~1 551 Ma期間產出的火山沉積淺變質巖系屬于過渡性基底,出露廣泛[70]。區(qū)域巖石年齡數(shù)據(jù)顯示,秦嶺佛坪變質結晶巖系龍草坪黑云斜長片麻巖SHRIMP鋯石UPb年齡為1 033~1 483 Ma[62],而年齡為(1 356±30)Ma的鋯石顆粒(圖6中26)呈次圓狀,與佛坪黑云母角閃斜長片麻巖(原巖為中酸性巖漿巖)的鋯石年齡(SHRIMP鋯石UPb年齡為1 371 Ma[62])及特征一致,因此,推測源巖先期變質形成佛坪黑云母片麻巖,之后經歷風化剝蝕和多次搬運,沉積于鐵礦梁組。

1 658~1 957 Ma的鋯石約占碎屑鋯石總數(shù)的11%,多為長柱狀,具有韻律環(huán)帶,部分環(huán)帶較弱且多數(shù)鋯石w(Th)/w(U)值大于04,指示其為巖漿成因。而1 658~1 957 Ma的鋯石對應的巖漿侵入作用恰好與呂梁運動及Columbia超大陸的形成時代[44,46,71]相當。已有的年齡數(shù)據(jù)顯示:北秦嶺太白的二長花崗巖LAICPMS鋯石UPb年齡為(1 741±41)Ma[72];寶雞的二長花崗巖LAICPMS鋯石UPb年齡為(1 770±41)Ma[73];秦嶺佛坪變質結晶巖片麻巖鋯石年齡為1 853~1 944 Ma[62,74]。鋯石形態(tài)多呈圓—次圓狀(圖6中30),說明源巖經歷了多次搬運。綜合電氣石電子探針分析結果,太白和寶雞的花崗巖以及佛坪片麻巖多次搬運沉積在鐵礦梁組,因此,鐵礦梁組的沉積物可間接來源于太白、寶雞的花崗巖和佛坪片麻巖。

2 329~2 502 Ma的鋯石約占碎屑鋯石總數(shù)的10%,但年齡比較分散,峰值不明顯。鋯石多磨圓較好,不完整;大部分鋯石有規(guī)律的環(huán)帶,w(Th)/w(U)值絕大部分大于04,指示其屬于巖漿成因。已有的研究區(qū)及周邊地區(qū)巖體的年齡很少,僅有丹鳳石榴黑云斜長片麻巖(原巖為碎屑巖)的部分鋯石年齡(LAICPMS鋯石UPb年齡為951~2 472 Ma[75])與本次研究獲得的鋯石年齡(圖6中48)一致。而電子探針分析得到鐵礦梁組的原巖主要為變質板巖和變質砂巖,因此,推測丹鳳地區(qū)陸源碎屑巖先期變質形成片麻巖,之后經過搬運沉積在鐵礦梁組砂巖中。

2 625~3 147 Ma的鋯石顆粒有5個,僅占碎屑鋯石總數(shù)的6%。鋯石巖漿環(huán)帶明顯,磨圓極好,是典型的巖漿鋯石。研究區(qū)及周邊地區(qū)巖體關于此時期的年齡報道很少。張宗清等測定陜西省商南縣秦嶺造山帶出露的太古宙結晶基底中部的斜長角閃巖淺粒巖(由玄武巖、英安巖至流紋質火山巖構成的變質火山巖套)和黑云二長石英片巖(變質泥砂質巖石)的SHRIMP鋯石UPb年齡均大于(2 488±8)Ma[76]。因此,商南的秦嶺造山帶太古宙結晶基底的巖石在出露之后遭受剝蝕,并經過多次搬運,最終沉積在鐵礦梁組。

鋯石UPb年齡譜分析和電子探針分析表明,鐵礦梁組砂巖的物源主要來自425~530 Ma的天水和丹鳳花崗巖、佛坪片麻巖、清水英安巖,578~982 Ma的柞水(黑溝)堿性花崗巖、天水和西峽的花崗質片麻巖、丹鳳和盧氏的花崗巖。另外,1 015~1 551 Ma的佛坪黑云母斜長片麻巖,1 658~1 957 Ma的太白和寶雞花崗巖、佛坪片麻巖,2 329~2 502 Ma的丹鳳石榴黑云斜長片麻巖和2 625~3 147 Ma的商南太古宙結晶基底巖石均經歷多次搬運,為揚子北緣下高川盆地提供次要物源。

綜上所述,晚泥盆世古地理格局為天水、丹鳳、佛坪、清水、西峽等地區(qū)巖體隆升剝蝕,成為物源區(qū),而在華北古陸與揚子北緣下高川盆地之間可能存在多個較小古陸,如佛坪也屬于物源區(qū)。

6結語

(1)揚子北緣下高川盆地鐵礦梁組砂巖的重礦物主要有鋯石、金紅石、黃鐵礦、電氣石、閃鋅礦、白鈦石、鈦鐵礦等。其中,閃鋅礦、白鈦石、鈦鐵礦重礦物組合指示其物源可來自于巖漿巖。

(2)電氣石電子探針分析結果表明,鐵礦梁組石英砂巖主要來自于變質板巖和變質砂巖,少量來自貧鋰花崗巖類、偉晶巖和細晶巖。

(3)砂巖碎屑LAICPMS鋯石UPb年齡譜分析和電子探針分析表明,鐵礦梁組砂巖的主要物源來自425~530 Ma的天水和丹鳳花崗巖、佛坪片麻巖、清水英安巖,578~982 Ma的柞水(黑溝)堿性花崗巖、天水和西峽的花崗質片麻巖、丹鳳和盧氏的花崗巖。另外,1 015~1 551 Ma的佛坪黑云母斜長片麻巖,1 658~1 957 Ma的太白和寶雞花崗巖、佛坪片麻巖,2 329~2 502 Ma的丹鳳石榴黑云斜長片麻巖和2 625~3 147 Ma的商南太古宙結晶基底巖石均經歷多次搬運,為揚子北緣下高川盆地提供次要物源。

(4)晚泥盆世的物源大致來自北部,同時古地理格局表現(xiàn)為天水、丹鳳、清水、西峽等地區(qū)巖體隆升剝蝕,成為物源區(qū),而在華北古陸與揚子北緣下高川盆地之間可能存在多個較小古陸,如佛坪也屬于物源區(qū)。

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收稿日期:20160918

基金項目:中國地質調查局地質調查項目(DD20160176,12120114009401);

中國地質科學院礦產資源研究所基本科研業(yè)務費專項資金項目(K1613(2016))

作者簡介:賈曉彤(1992),女,山東棗莊人,中國地質大學(北京)理學碩士研究生,Email:jiaxiaotong1925@163.com。

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