鐘陽(yáng)晶++梁茹冰++黃小虎
摘 要: 為了降低基于接收信號(hào)強(qiáng)度指示(RSSI)測(cè)距誤差對(duì)節(jié)點(diǎn)定位的影響,解決RSSI測(cè)距定位誤差較大的問(wèn)題,提出基于RSSI高斯濾波的最小二乘支持向量回歸機(jī)LSSVR定位算法(LSSVR?GF?RSSI)。LSSVR?GF?RSSI算法先利用高斯函數(shù)濾除誤差較大的RSSI值,篩選出較準(zhǔn)確的RSSI值,再依據(jù)這些值計(jì)算未知節(jié)點(diǎn)離錨節(jié)點(diǎn)間的距離。將這些距離作為L(zhǎng)SSVR的輸入,建立基于RSSI測(cè)距的LSSVR定位算法模型,最終,估計(jì)未知節(jié)點(diǎn)的位置。仿真結(jié)果表明,提出的LSSVR?GF?RSSI算法能夠有效地降低均方定位誤差,比傳統(tǒng)的基于RSSI的LSSVR定位算法減少了約12%~20%。
關(guān)鍵詞: 接收信號(hào)強(qiáng)度; 最小二乘支持向量回歸機(jī); 高斯函數(shù); 定位; 無(wú)線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào): TN914?34 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼: A 文章編號(hào): 1004?373X(2017)11?0006?04
LSSVR wireless sensor network location algorithm based on Gaussian filter RSSI
ZHONG Yangjing, LIANG Rubing, HUANG Xiaohu
(College of Mathematics and Informatics, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China)
Abstract: In order to minimize the influence of range?finding error of received signal strength index (RSSI) on node localization, and solve the problem of big location error existing in localization algorithm based on RSSI range?finding, a least?squares support vector regression location algorithm based on Gaussian filter RSSI (LSSVR?GF?RSSI) is proposed. The LSSVR?GF?RSSI algorithm uses the Gaussian function to filter the RSSI values with big error, and screen out the accurate RSSI values. According to the above values, the distance between the unknown node and anchor node is calculated. The distance is used as the input of LSSVR to establish the LSSVR location algorithm model based on RSSI range?finding to estimate the location of unknown node. The simulation results show that the LSSVR?GF?RSSI algorithm can reduce the mean square localization error effectively, which is 12%~20% lower than that of the traditional LSSVR localization algorithm based on RSSI.
Keywords: received signal strength; least?square support vector regression; Gaussian function; localization; wireless sensor network
0 引 言
無(wú)線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)(Wireless Sensor Networks,WSNs)系統(tǒng)[1?2]主要應(yīng)用于人為力量無(wú)法到達(dá)的復(fù)雜區(qū)域事件的監(jiān)測(cè)和數(shù)據(jù)的采集與傳輸[3]。而采集的數(shù)據(jù)的實(shí)用性與其地理位置息息相關(guān)。獲取沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)確位置的信息是毫無(wú)價(jià)值的。然而,在WSNs網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,多數(shù)傳感節(jié)點(diǎn)隨機(jī)部署,并且多數(shù)節(jié)點(diǎn)位置是未知的[4]。由于只有已知空間位置的感應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)才有實(shí)用價(jià)值,故須利用定位技術(shù)估計(jì)傳感節(jié)點(diǎn)的位置。
受硬件條件和無(wú)線環(huán)境因素的制約,在WSNs中對(duì)傳感節(jié)點(diǎn)的定位仍是一項(xiàng)挑戰(zhàn)工作。目前,已提出多類(lèi)定位算法[5?6]。依據(jù)定位過(guò)程是否需要測(cè)距,可將這些算法劃分為測(cè)距定位、非測(cè)距定位。前者表示在估計(jì)未知節(jié)點(diǎn)位置時(shí)需要直接估算未知節(jié)點(diǎn)離錨節(jié)點(diǎn)間的距離,即測(cè)距;而后者是通過(guò)利用整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的連通性估計(jì)未知節(jié)點(diǎn)的位置。因此,通常測(cè)距定位算法精度優(yōu)于非測(cè)距定位算法。
常用于測(cè)距定位算法中的測(cè)距策略有:信號(hào)到達(dá)角度AOA(Angle of Arrival)、到達(dá)時(shí)間TOA(Time of arrival)、基于接收信號(hào)強(qiáng)度RSSI(Received Signal Strength Index)。其中基于RSSI測(cè)距是利用未知節(jié)點(diǎn)接收到來(lái)自錨節(jié)點(diǎn)發(fā)射信號(hào)的強(qiáng)度估算路徑傳播損耗,進(jìn)而估計(jì)未知節(jié)點(diǎn)離錨節(jié)點(diǎn)間的距離。由于基于RSSI測(cè)距無(wú)需額外的硬件設(shè)備,其廣泛應(yīng)用于低成本的無(wú)線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)WSNs中[7?8]。因此,研究并尋求高精度的RSSI測(cè)距算法具有重要的實(shí)用價(jià)值。
文獻(xiàn)[9]提出基于RSSI值校驗(yàn)的未知節(jié)點(diǎn)定位算法。依據(jù)錨節(jié)點(diǎn)對(duì)未知節(jié)點(diǎn)影響力的不同,設(shè)置不同的加權(quán)因子,同時(shí)擇優(yōu)選擇優(yōu)質(zhì)的錨節(jié)點(diǎn)參與未知節(jié)點(diǎn)的位置估計(jì)。文獻(xiàn)[10]提出基于RSSI校正的WSNs定位算法。先利用高斯函數(shù)篩選較準(zhǔn)確的RSSI值,再對(duì)這些RSSI值設(shè)定加權(quán)系數(shù),進(jìn)而估計(jì)未知節(jié)點(diǎn)的位置。文獻(xiàn)[11]提出基于LSSVR的無(wú)線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)定位算法。引用最小二乘支持向量回歸機(jī)LSSVR提高定位精度。支持向量回歸機(jī)SVR(Support Vector Regression)依據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)習(xí)理論,在非線性回歸估計(jì)中具有優(yōu)良的性能,即使在小樣本環(huán)境,也表現(xiàn)出較好的泛化能力[12]。
為此,結(jié)合高斯函數(shù)的篩選特性以及LSSVR在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)習(xí)方面的優(yōu)勢(shì),提出基于RSSI高斯濾波的LSSVR無(wú)線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)定位算法(Least?Squares Support Vector Regression location algorithm based on Gaussian filter RSSI,LSSVR?GF?RSSI)。LSSVR?GF?RSSI算法先利用高斯函數(shù)選擇偏差較小的RSSI值,再將這些RSSI值參與測(cè)距,將這些測(cè)距向量作為L(zhǎng)SSVR的輸入,進(jìn)而估計(jì)未知節(jié)點(diǎn)的位置。仿真結(jié)果表明,提出的LSSVR?GF?RSSI算法能夠有效地降低均方定位誤差。
4 結(jié) 論
本文針對(duì)基于RSSI測(cè)距定位精度低的問(wèn)題,分析測(cè)距原理以及影響定位誤差的因素,并提出基于RSSI高斯濾波的最小二乘支持向量回歸機(jī)LSSVR定位算法LSSVR?GF?RSSI。LSSVR?GF?RSSI算法利用高斯函數(shù)濾除偏差較大的RSSI值,即選擇較準(zhǔn)確的RSSI值,利用這些值轉(zhuǎn)化為距離,然后將這些距離作為L(zhǎng)SSVR模型的輸入,最終估計(jì)未知節(jié)點(diǎn)的位置。仿真結(jié)果表明,與LSSVR?RSSI算法相比,提出的LSSVR?GF?RSSI算法有效地降低了均方定位誤差,且沒(méi)有增加額外的運(yùn)行時(shí)間。
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