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《哈利·波特》:20年經(jīng)久不衰的魔法傳奇

2017-07-03 22:09ZeniaD&aposCunha
新東方英語(yǔ)·中學(xué)版 2017年7期
關(guān)鍵詞:系列小說(shuō)哈利·波特沃茨

Zenia+D&apos+Cunha

自第一部作品《哈利·波特與魔法石》于1997年6月問(wèn)世以來(lái),《哈利·波特》已經(jīng)陪伴我們走過(guò)了20年的時(shí)光。這部系列小說(shuō)不僅讓孩子們著迷,也讓成年人折服。除了小說(shuō)之外,還有《哈利·波特》的電影、舞臺(tái)劇、網(wǎng)站、主題公園、衍生書以及其他周邊產(chǎn)品……在20年的時(shí)間里,《哈利·波特》為何能經(jīng)久不衰,這其中有什么秘密嗎?J. K.羅琳是如何讓自己的作品保持如此持久的生命力并不斷煥發(fā)出新的生機(jī)的呢?關(guān)于《哈利·波特》,又有哪些事是你不知道的?

讓數(shù)以千萬(wàn)計(jì)的粉絲們都為之魂?duì)繅?mèng)繞、欲罷不能的《哈利·波特》系列小說(shuō)還切切實(shí)實(shí)地給一些粉絲的人生帶來(lái)了改變,教會(huì)了他們一個(gè)又一個(gè)人生哲理,讓他們看到了另外一個(gè)廣闊的世界,并成長(zhǎng)為一個(gè)更好的人。

感謝你,哈利·波特,謝謝你陪我們走過(guò)了20年的時(shí)光。未來(lái)的人生旅途中,讓我們繼續(xù)一起前行!

"Whether you come back by page or by screen, Hogwarts will always be there to welcome you home."

This is what J. K. Rowing had said in 2011, when she launched Pottermore, the extensive and interactive website for all things Harry Potter.

More than five years on, she has stayed true to the words. Today there are several such mediums available—books, screen, stage, website, theme park—through which you can return to Hogwarts. Or even Ilvermony1), the American equivalent2) of Hogwarts. Or to any part of the fascinating fantasy world, Rowling created when the first Harry Potter book came out back in 1997.

And now, in 2016, with the release of Harry Potter and the Cursed Child, a two-part stage play based on an original new story by J. K. Rowling, Jack Thorne3) and John Tiffany4), the rehearsal script of which is being released as a separate book5) termed as the eighth installment6) of the series, the legacy takes another, unusual step. Whether this new story enhances or tarnishes7) it, the fact remains that the Harry Potter legacy has not only lasted these past two decades, but also grown in ways previously unknown and unimagined.

It has been nearly 20 years since the first book, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone was released. A children's book that was rejected by a dozen publishers, has now made J. K. Rowling one of the most successful authors in literature. It has been nine years since the last novel, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, was released, and yet the fan following around the books is as manic8) as ever.

Take a quick look at the popular internet forums—Twitter, Instagram and Facebook, to understand the diverse, mass following the series enjoys. What is it that keeps the magic of Potter alive? Has the universe evolved, from books to beyond? These are the questions that everyone answers in the affirmative. But there is much more to the lasting legacy than just magic.

How often has a popular author, who has completed a series, stretched their creation to something that lets you experience and live in the fictional world firsthand? Through a massive theme park and studio tours (Credit to Warner Bros here) that recreates the universe, or through simple tie-in9) books that were supposed to be textbooks, Rowling has ensured that the magic has moved beyond the story.

“不管你是重讀《哈利·波特》系列小說(shuō)還是重溫《哈利·波特》系列電影,霍格沃茨都將永遠(yuǎn)在此,歡迎你回家?!?/p>

這句話是J. K.羅琳在2011年創(chuàng)辦Pottermore網(wǎng)站時(shí)所說(shuō)的。Pottermore網(wǎng)站有關(guān)于哈利·波特的一切資訊,內(nèi)容全面豐富,還可與網(wǎng)友互動(dòng)。

五年多來(lái)(編注:英文原文發(fā)表于2016年8月),羅琳一直踐行著自己所說(shuō)的話。現(xiàn)如今,有不少類似Pottermore的媒介可供選擇,譬如圖書、電影、舞臺(tái)劇、網(wǎng)站、主題公園。你可以借由這些媒介重返霍格沃茨,或者甚至是重返美國(guó)版的霍格沃茨“伊法魔尼”,抑或是重返羅琳于1997年出版第一部《哈利·波特》小說(shuō)時(shí)所創(chuàng)造的這個(gè)迷人的幻想世界的任何一個(gè)地方。

2016年的今天,隨著《哈利·波特與被詛咒的孩子》的推出,哈利·波特的傳奇又添上了別樣的一筆?!豆げㄌ嘏c被詛咒的孩子》是一部舞臺(tái)劇,分為上下兩部,根據(jù)J. K.羅琳、杰克·索恩和約翰·蒂法尼共同創(chuàng)作的一個(gè)新故事改編而成。這部舞臺(tái)劇的排練劇本即將獨(dú)立成書,并被冠以《哈利·波特》系列小說(shuō)第八部之名。不管這個(gè)新的故事是錦上添花還是狗尾續(xù)貂,不變的事實(shí)是,《哈利·波特》的傳奇不僅在過(guò)去的20年中經(jīng)久不衰,還以前所未聞、前所未料的方式繼續(xù)豐富著。

《哈利·波特》系列小說(shuō)的第一部《哈利·波特與魔法石》出版已近20年了。這部曾被十幾家出版社拒之門外的童書如今已讓J. K.羅琳成為文壇最為成功的作家之一。最后一部小說(shuō)《哈利·波特與死亡圣器》出版也有九年了,但《哈利·波特》系列的粉絲群狂熱依舊。

想理解《哈利·波特》系列小說(shuō)擁有的多元而龐大的粉絲群,不妨掃一眼Twitter、Instagram和Facebook這些很火的網(wǎng)絡(luò)論壇。是什么讓哈利·波特的魔法魅力常在?這個(gè)魔法世界是否已經(jīng)發(fā)展到了小說(shuō)之外?對(duì)于這些問(wèn)題,每個(gè)人都會(huì)給出肯定的回答。但是,《哈利·波特》系列小說(shuō)留下的恒久遺產(chǎn)遠(yuǎn)不僅僅是魔法,還有很多很多。

一位當(dāng)紅作家在完成系列作品之后,把自己創(chuàng)作的東西延伸開(kāi)來(lái),推出一些東西,能讓你親身體驗(yàn)或是親臨小說(shuō)中的那個(gè)世界,這種事情不多見(jiàn)吧?通過(guò)再現(xiàn)哈利·波特魔法世界的一個(gè)大型主題公園以及影城之旅(這里要感謝華納兄弟影業(yè)公司),或是通過(guò)原本是教科書的一些簡(jiǎn)單的衍生讀物,羅琳已確保讓魔法走出了小說(shuō)。

Supplementary Books

Several franchise10) book series have a variety of supplementary books—be it The Silmarillion for The Lord of the Rings, or The World of Ice and Fire for Game of Thrones. But what set J. K. Rowling apart is the fact that she wrote three more books from the Potterverse, as the people from the Potterverse. The Tales of Beedle the Bard11), Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them and Quidditch Through The Ages12), are all written from the wizard world point of view, and were initially written for charity purposes. Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them is a textbook for Hogwarts students, has handwritten notes from Harry, Ron and Hermione scrawled13) all over, while Quidditch Through The Ages has a Hogwarts library card inside.

Film Series

Of course, even this simple textbook went one step further when the Warner Bros studio decided to make it into an original film, with the screenplay being written by Rowling. Fantastic Beasts and where to Find Them will be a two part film series starring Oscar winner Eddie Redmayne as the book's author Newt Scamander and will document the adventure on which he found the fantastic beasts that lead him to write the book, almost seventy years before Harry Potter went on his adventure.

The Magic in Muggle Life

The magic has seeped into Muggle life as well. Quidditch has become a real sport, and there is even a Quidditch World Cup held in New York. For fans who want to experience the world of Potter, The Wizarding World of Harry Potter14) is the closest one can get. And then there is literary tourism to the books' real life locations—there is an actual Platform 9 and ? set up at King's Cross station in London.

Fandom

But it is not only these vast and varied creations that keep the story of a young wizard alive and exciting. There are the more intangible15) aspects to the fan following or the fandom as the internet calls it. It is no coincidence that Potter fandom is so big online—it has, after all, coincided16) with increasing accessibility of the internet, especially among the youth. The internet became the place to discuss all things Potter, things you couldn't discuss with people around you, and the virtual community grew as the new books came out.

Even when there wasn't any new material in years, the Harry Potter fandom kept itself alive through fan fictions and fan art and fan videos. And when there is any little, new piece of information out, they collectively rise from the ashes17), and, to put it mildly18), go wild. Remember how the internet was breaking as fans excitably discussed an all new Harry Potter film?

Several other fantasy series such as Twilight, The Hunger Games, Divergent and so on have experienced spurts19) of popularity, especially during the film releases. There were inevitable comparisons drawn with Harry Potter, but what has set it apart from its peers20) and successors21) is that fact that the series and its following have sustained for two decades now.

Fantastic Story

A large part of this is due to the story—the creation of a magical world that is fundamentally different, yet just like ours. Rowling weaved a fantastic story, combining myth with fairytale as a bildungsroman22) about fairly flawed and ordinary characters. It has all the elements of high fantasy23), combined with the timeless emotions of love, loyalty, friendship and the classic theme of triumph of good over evil. At the same time, it is written in language that appeals to all ages, has characters that are relatable24) and problems and solutions that are easy to understand.

"The thing about the Harry Potter books is that it's not just a beautiful universe slightly off kilter25) from our own but it also captured26) universal emotions you can identify with. It has invisibility cloaks27) and potions28) and flying brooms but it also has teenage clumsiness, friendships, and the frustration of not being taken seriously by 'adults'," says Sanaya Fernandes, co-founder of a book club.

The Harry Potter book series found and made readers in all age groups, the film series reached a different audience and the internet brought fans from all walks together to create this consolidated29), all-inclusive fandom. In the first chapter of the first book there is a quote that says: "Every child in our world will know his name." Even J. K. Rowling, back in 1997, couldn't have imagined that this line will define her creation. Because almost every child in this world does know the name Harry Potter.

補(bǔ)充讀物

不少被拍成影視劇的系列小說(shuō)都有各種各樣的補(bǔ)充讀物——無(wú)論是《精靈寶鉆》之于《魔戒》(改編為電影《指環(huán)王》),還是《冰與火之歌的世界》之于《冰與火之歌》(改編為電視劇《權(quán)力的游戲》)。但令J. K.羅琳與眾不同的卻是這樣一個(gè)事實(shí),那就是她借由哈利·波特小說(shuō)中的世界,以小說(shuō)世界中人物的視角寫了另外三本書:《詩(shī)翁彼豆故事集》、《神奇動(dòng)物在哪里》以及《神奇的魁地奇球》。這三本書都是從巫師世界的角度下筆來(lái)寫的,并且創(chuàng)作初衷都是為了慈善?!渡衿鎰?dòng)物在哪里》是霍格沃茨學(xué)生用的一本教材,上面滿是哈利、羅恩和赫敏潦草記下的筆記,《神奇的魁地奇球》中則附有一張霍格沃茨的圖書借閱卡。

電影系列

當(dāng)然,即便是《神奇動(dòng)物在哪里》這本簡(jiǎn)單的教科書,在當(dāng)華納兄弟影業(yè)公司決定將其改編為一部原創(chuàng)電影(劇本由羅琳創(chuàng)作)時(shí),也又向前邁出了一步。《神奇動(dòng)物在哪里》將分為上下兩部,由奧斯卡影帝埃迪·雷德梅尼出演此書的作者紐特·斯卡曼德。影片將記錄紐特的一場(chǎng)奇遇,他在這場(chǎng)奇遇中發(fā)現(xiàn)了那些神奇的動(dòng)物,正是它們促使他寫下了這本書,而在這差不多70年之后哈利·波特才踏上了自己的冒險(xiǎn)之旅。

麻瓜世界的魔法

哈利·波特的魔法也滲透進(jìn)了麻瓜們的生活。魁地奇已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)實(shí)中的一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng),紐約甚至還會(huì)舉辦“魁地奇世界杯”。對(duì)于想要體驗(yàn)哈利·波特世界的粉絲們來(lái)說(shuō),“哈利·波特的魔法世界”是最接近小說(shuō)原貌的去處。此外還有參觀小說(shuō)實(shí)景地的文學(xué)主題之旅——倫敦的國(guó)王十字車站真的設(shè)有9?站臺(tái)的標(biāo)識(shí)。

粉絲群

但是,使這個(gè)關(guān)于一位年輕巫師的故事經(jīng)久不衰、魅力不減的可不僅僅是以上這些各式各樣創(chuàng)作出來(lái)的東西,還有更加無(wú)形的一些因素,那就是粉絲群(fan following,網(wǎng)上也將其稱為fandom)。哈利·波特?fù)碛腥绱她嫶蟮木W(wǎng)絡(luò)粉絲群并非偶然,畢竟,小說(shuō)的出版和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的不斷普及(尤其是在年輕人當(dāng)中)發(fā)生在同時(shí)?;ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)成為討論哈利·波特大小話題的陣地,而這些話題你無(wú)法與身邊的人進(jìn)行討論。隨著一本本新書的出版,這個(gè)虛擬社區(qū)也在壯大。

就算好幾年都沒(méi)有任何新的作品出現(xiàn),哈利·波特的粉絲群也能通過(guò)粉絲寫的小說(shuō)、創(chuàng)作的藝術(shù)作品(編注:包括繪畫、圖標(biāo)、平面設(shè)計(jì)、動(dòng)畫、拼圖、海報(bào)等)和制作的視頻來(lái)保持活躍。一旦有什么零星的新消息冒出來(lái),他們就通通滿血復(fù)活,并且——說(shuō)得委婉些——欣喜若狂。還記得粉絲們興奮地討論一部新上映的《哈利·波特》電影時(shí),互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上有多么沸騰嗎?

其他的一些奇幻系列作品,比如說(shuō)《暮光之城》《饑餓游戲》《分歧者》等等也都火過(guò)一陣,特別是在電影上映期間。人們難免會(huì)拿這些作品去跟《哈利·波特》比較,但使《哈利·波特》不同于其同時(shí)代作品和后繼作品的卻是這樣的事實(shí):這部系列小說(shuō)如今已經(jīng)火了20年,人們對(duì)其的追隨也持續(xù)了20年。

精彩的故事

《哈利·波特》之所以能長(zhǎng)盛不衰,很大一部分原因在于其故事——書中所創(chuàng)造的這個(gè)魔法世界跟我們的世界完全不同,但又別無(wú)二致。羅琳編了一個(gè)精彩的故事,將神話與童話融為一體,匯成了一部有教育意義的小說(shuō),里面的人物都是身上有很多缺點(diǎn)的普通人。它包含了嚴(yán)肅奇幻小說(shuō)的所有元素,還融入了愛(ài)、忠誠(chéng)和友誼這些永恒的情感以及正義戰(zhàn)勝邪惡的這一經(jīng)典主題。與此同時(shí),小說(shuō)的語(yǔ)言能夠吸引各個(gè)年齡段的讀者,人物能夠讓人產(chǎn)生共鳴,而且書中的問(wèn)題和解決辦法容易讓人理解。

“《哈利·波特》系列小說(shuō)的特點(diǎn)在于,它不僅描繪了一個(gè)跟我們自己的世界稍稍有點(diǎn)兒不一樣的美麗世界,而且還刻畫了一些讓我們可以產(chǎn)生共鳴的普世情感。小說(shuō)里有隱形斗篷、魔藥和飛天掃帚,也有青少年的笨拙、友誼和不被‘大人當(dāng)回事兒的那種沮喪?!蹦匙x書會(huì)的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人薩娜婭·費(fèi)爾南德斯如是說(shuō)。

《哈利·波特》系列小說(shuō)獲得并培養(yǎng)了各個(gè)年齡段的讀者,其系列電影觸及了另一批觀眾,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)則把各行各業(yè)的粉絲聚集在一起,創(chuàng)造出了這樣一個(gè)統(tǒng)一且“包羅萬(wàn)象”的粉絲群。在小說(shuō)第一部的第一章里有一句話是這么說(shuō)的:“我們這個(gè)世界的每一個(gè)孩子都將知道他的名字?!被氐?997年,就連J. K.羅琳也不可能會(huì)想到這句話將定義自己的作品,因?yàn)檫@個(gè)世界上幾乎每個(gè)孩子都確實(shí)知道哈利·波特的大名。

1. Ilvermony: 伊法魔尼,是J. K.羅琳虛構(gòu)的一所魔法學(xué)校,創(chuàng)建于17世紀(jì)初,坐落于美國(guó)馬薩諸塞州亞當(dāng)斯市的格雷洛克山上。該校面向全北美招生,和霍格沃茨一樣也有四個(gè)學(xué)院。電影《神奇動(dòng)物在哪里》中就提到了這所學(xué)校。

2. equivalent [??kw?v?l?nt] n. 等價(jià)物;對(duì)應(yīng)物

3. Jack Thorne: 杰克·索恩(1978~),英國(guó)劇作家、影視編劇,代表作有電視劇《無(wú)恥之徒》(Shameless)。

4. John Tiffany: 約翰·蒂法尼(1971~),英國(guó)戲劇導(dǎo)演,代表作有音樂(lè)劇《曾經(jīng)》(Once)。

5. 《哈利·波特與被詛咒的孩子》劇本(上、下部)的“特別排練版(Special Rehearsal Edition)”已于2016年7月31日出版成書,不過(guò)劇本內(nèi)容的修訂和完善工作還在繼續(xù)進(jìn)行中,“最終收藏版(Definitive Collector's Edition)”將于今年問(wèn)世。

6. installment [?n?st??lm?nt] n. (分期出版的)分冊(cè)

7. tarnish [?tɑ?n??] vt. 玷污,敗壞,損害(名譽(yù)、形象等)

8. manic [?m?n?k] adj. 狂熱的;非常激動(dòng)的

9. tie-in: (與新上映的電影或電視節(jié)目等)相關(guān)的產(chǎn)品,有關(guān)的書籍

10. franchise [?fr?nt?a?z] n. 有助于推銷的系列或有可能成為系列的電影(電視劇等)

11. The Tales of Beedle the Bard: 《詩(shī)翁彼豆故事集》,其故事情節(jié)與小說(shuō)《哈利·波特》系列緊密相關(guān)又獨(dú)立成篇。它是《哈利·波特與死亡圣器》中霍格沃茨魔法學(xué)校校長(zhǎng)鄧布利多留給赫敏的一本書,其中包含能幫助哈利和他的朋友們打敗伏地魔的重要線索。

12. Quidditch Through The Ages: 《神奇的魁地奇球》,是哈利·波特從魔法學(xué)校圖書館里借閱的一本書。

13. scrawl [skr??l] vt. 馬馬虎虎(或潦草)地寫

14. The Wizarding World of Harry Potter: 哈利·波特的魔法世界,是由環(huán)球影城主題公園所建的一系列主題園區(qū),根據(jù)《哈利·波特》小說(shuō)及電影系列中的元素打造而成。目前,美國(guó)奧蘭多、好萊塢以及日本大阪的環(huán)球影城都有哈利·波特的魔法世界。

15. intangible [?n?t?nd??bl] adj. 無(wú)形的

16. coincide [?k???n?sa?d] vi. 同時(shí)發(fā)生

17. rise from the ashes: (鳳凰)浴火重生

18. to put it mildly: 說(shuō)得委婉些;說(shuō)得好聽(tīng)一點(diǎn)

19. spurt [sp??t] n. (行動(dòng)、努力、感情等的)突然增加;迸發(fā)

20. peer [p??(r)] n. 身份(或地位)相同的人;同齡人;同輩

21. successor [s?k?ses?(r)] n. 后繼的事物

22. bildungsroman [?b?ld??zr???ma?n] n. 教育小說(shuō)(源于德國(guó)文學(xué)的一種傳統(tǒng)小說(shuō)類型,以描述主人公的成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程為主題)

23. high fantasy: 嚴(yán)肅奇幻,是奇幻文學(xué)的一種下屬體裁,通常以自創(chuàng)世界或平行世界為背景。

24. relatable [r??le?t?bl] adj. 讓人能理解或產(chǎn)生共鳴的

25. off kilter: 失常,失調(diào)

26. capture [?k?pt??(r)] vt. (用圖畫、文章、電影等準(zhǔn)確地)表達(dá),刻畫,描述

27. cloak [kl??k] n. 披風(fēng),斗篷

28. potion [?p???n] n. (有毒性或魔力的)藥水

29. consolidated [k?n?s?l?de?t?d] adj. 聯(lián)合的,統(tǒng)一的;團(tuán)結(jié)的

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