梁海燕??陳曉紅
[摘要] 目的 評(píng)價(jià)高危HPVE6/E7mRNA在宮頸病變中的臨床價(jià)值。 方法 將70例低度宮頸病變(慢性宮頸炎),子宮頸上皮內(nèi)瘤變(CINI級(jí))和78例高級(jí)別宮頸病變(包括CINⅡ級(jí)CINⅢ級(jí)和宮頸浸潤(rùn)性癌)分為兩組。低度宮頸病變?yōu)閷?duì)照組,高級(jí)別宮頸癌組為實(shí)驗(yàn)組。 分別進(jìn)行HPV DNA分型和HPV E6/E7 mRNA檢測(cè)。結(jié)果 低度子宮頸病變和高度子宮頸病變的陽(yáng)性率分別為14.2%和79.5%。HPV DNA分型檢測(cè)結(jié)果,低度子宮頸病變和高度子宮頸病變的陽(yáng)性率分別為35.7%和85.7%。高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)HPV E6/E7 mRNA檢測(cè)特異性,陽(yáng)性預(yù)測(cè)值,陰性預(yù)測(cè)值(85.8%,86.1%,83.5%)顯著高于(64.3%,70.5%,71.4%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。 結(jié)論 高危HPV E6/E7 mRNA檢測(cè)有效降低了臨床診斷中的過(guò)度檢查和過(guò)度治療的機(jī)會(huì),避免了患者因高頻重復(fù)感染引起的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)和精神壓力。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 人乳頭瘤狀病毒HPV;HPV DNA檢測(cè);HPV E6/E7檢測(cè);宮頸癌;方法對(duì)比
[中圖分類號(hào)] R737.33 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 2095-0616(2017)12-19-04
Comparative study of diagnostic value of HPV DNA and E6 / E7 mRNA detection in cervical lesions
LIANG Haiyan CHEN Xiaohong
Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China
[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the clinical value of high risk HPVE6/E7 mRNA in cervical lesions. Methods 70 patients with lower-grade cervical lesions (chronic cervicitis, cervical intraepithelial neoplasis, CINI-grade) and 78 patients with high-grade cervical lesions (including CINII grade, CINⅢ grade and cervical invasive carcinoma) were divided into two groups. Lower-grade cervical lesions were set as the control group while high-grade cervical lesions were set as the experimental group. They were respectively given HPV DNA typing and HPVE6/E7 mRNA detection. Results Detection of high risk HPVE6/E7 mRNA. Positive rates of lower-grade cervical lesions and high-grade cervical lesions were respectively 14.2% and 79.5%. Detection results of HPV DNA typing. Positive rates of lower-grade cervical lesions and high-grade cervical lesions were respectively 35.7% and 85.7%. Specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of high risk HPVE6/E7 mRNA detection were respectively 85.8%, 86.1% and 83.5%, significantly higher than those 64.3%, 70.5% and 71.4%. Difference was statistically significant. Conclusion High-risk HPVE6/E7 mRNA detection can effectively reduce the chance of over-examination and over-treatment in clinical diagnosis and avoid the economic burden and mental stress caused by high-frequency repeated infection.
[Key words] Human papilloma virus HPV; HPV DNA detection; HPV E6/E7 detection; Cervical cancer; Method comparison
子宮頸癌是在宮頸陰道或移行帶、子宮頸內(nèi)膜的上皮交界處發(fā)生的惡性腫瘤[1]。世界衛(wèi)生組織的統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示,乳腺癌和子宮頸癌是兩種主要疾病對(duì)女性健康的威脅,宮頸癌的發(fā)病率已躍居中國(guó)女性惡性腫瘤的第一位,發(fā)病趨勢(shì)向年輕化發(fā)展,發(fā)病率逐年攀升[2]。對(duì)宮頸癌的病因研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),人乳頭瘤病毒(HPV)是影響宮頸癌發(fā)生和發(fā)展的主要因素[3]。近年來(lái),越來(lái)越多的HPV DNA檢測(cè)方法已被用于檢測(cè)宮頸病變,應(yīng)用HPV DNA檢測(cè)方法可以有效降低宮頸癌的發(fā)病率,但HPV DNA檢測(cè)是檢測(cè)原癌基因轉(zhuǎn)錄的其中一種手段,但其HPV活性是不可預(yù)測(cè)的[4]。另有研究指出,高危HPV E6/E7 mRNA檢測(cè)手段可對(duì)病毒的活動(dòng)程度和預(yù)測(cè)疾病的程度進(jìn)行檢測(cè),更有利于宮頸癌病情的判斷[5]。為了探索其檢測(cè)效果,本研究擬對(duì)高危HPV E6/E7 mRNA的臨床價(jià)值進(jìn)行研究,結(jié)果如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
收集2016年1~12月在汕頭大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科收治患者148例。收集病例的納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為:成年有性生活史女性,有宮頸疾變癥狀(主要是接觸性出血,陰道分泌物異常,下腹痛,陰道異常流血等),排除其他系統(tǒng)腫瘤病理。對(duì)148例患者進(jìn)行宮頸細(xì)胞(TCT)HPV DNA分型和高危HPV mRNA檢測(cè),對(duì)于陽(yáng)性患者進(jìn)行陰道鏡宮頸活檢,并送到病理部病做理組織學(xué)檢查,以病理診斷報(bào)告為金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。根據(jù)病理診斷結(jié)果分為兩組,低度宮頸病變(慢性宮頸炎,CIN I級(jí)患者)共有70例作為對(duì)照組,對(duì)照組年齡在30 ~ 62歲之間平均年齡為(32.8±1.7)歲。高度子宮頸病變(包括CINⅡ級(jí),CINⅢ級(jí)和宮頸侵襲性癌為實(shí)驗(yàn)組,年齡在30~65歲之間,平均年齡為(30.5±2.1)歲。兩組患者年齡,病程和病史無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
1.2 方法
TCT檢測(cè)采用液基細(xì)胞學(xué)專用刷完全插入宮頸,順時(shí)針?biāo)m頸3~5周,收集子宮頸和子宮頸管脫落上皮細(xì)胞,把收集到細(xì)胞保存在含有細(xì)胞保存液瓶的中,涂片,固定,染色,然后由專業(yè)病理醫(yī)師讀片。使用國(guó)際癌癥協(xié)會(huì)的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)推薦2001 TBS(The Bethesda System)分級(jí)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行CIN分級(jí)診斷。 HPV DNA分型使用凱普 HPV專用宮頸刷,靠近子宮頸輕微順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)5周,放入含有專用細(xì)胞儲(chǔ)存溶液管中。使用凱普醫(yī)學(xué)核酸分子雜交儀和它們的支持試劑,包括14個(gè)高危HPV(16,18,31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59,66,68),5種低危HPV(6,11,42,43,44)和2種國(guó)內(nèi)常見(jiàn)HPV亞型(53,CP8304),檢測(cè)程序包括樣品HPV DNA提取,PCR擴(kuò)增,核酸分子快速轉(zhuǎn)移雜交和解釋結(jié)果, TCT檢測(cè)殘留標(biāo)本用于高危HPV E6/E7 mRNA的檢測(cè),試劑盒和儀器均購(gòu)自上海生工,特異性檢測(cè)14種高危HPV(16,18,31 ,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59,66和68),主要步驟包括細(xì)胞裂解,雜交捕獲mRNA,信號(hào)放大,底物發(fā)光反應(yīng),用冷光儀檢測(cè)的光子數(shù)量,Diacarta計(jì)算機(jī)軟件自動(dòng)計(jì)算轉(zhuǎn)換結(jié)果獲得最終拷貝數(shù),拷貝數(shù)>0判斷為陽(yáng)性。通過(guò)陰道鏡取宮頸組織活檢,制成石蠟切片,由專業(yè)病理醫(yī)師閱片。組織病理學(xué)診斷分為:慢性宮頸炎,CIN Ⅰ級(jí),CINⅡ級(jí),CINⅢ級(jí),宮頸浸潤(rùn)性癌。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS17.0軟件分析上述數(shù)據(jù),計(jì)量資料為()的形式。數(shù)據(jù)通過(guò)t檢驗(yàn)或非參數(shù)檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。計(jì)數(shù)資料用率或百分比描述兩組之間的差異。 兩種方法的靈敏度,特異性和陽(yáng)性預(yù)測(cè)值和陰性預(yù)測(cè)值,用χ2檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行比較。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩種檢測(cè)方法的檢出率對(duì)比結(jié)果
高危HPVE6/E7mRNA檢測(cè)結(jié)果,低度子宮頸病變和高度子宮頸病變的陽(yáng)性病例分別為10例和62例,陽(yáng)性率分別為14.2%和79.5%。HPV DNA分型檢測(cè)結(jié)果,低度子宮頸病變和高度子宮頸病變的陽(yáng)性病例分別為25例和60例,陽(yáng)性率分別為35.7%和85.7%。所有研究病例中HPVE6/E7mRNA檢測(cè)的陽(yáng)性病例為72例,陽(yáng)性率為48.6%。 HPV DNA分型檢測(cè)的陽(yáng)性病例為85例,陽(yáng)性率為57.4%。低度宮頸病變組中,高危HPV DNA的檢出率(35.7%)顯著高于高危HPV E6/E7 mRNA檢出率(14.2%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),高級(jí)宮頸病變中,高危HPV E6/E7 mRNA的檢出率(79.5%)顯著低于高危HPV DNA檢出率(85.7%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);高危HPV DNA分型檢出率(57.4%)高于高危HPV E6/E7 mRNA檢處率(48.6%),差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 兩種檢測(cè)方法的病理診斷結(jié)果比較
高危HPV DNA分型檢測(cè)敏感度(85.7%)高于高危型HPV E6/E7 mRNA(79.5%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。高危HPV DNA分型檢測(cè)的特異性(64.3%)低于HPV E6/E7 mRNA(85.8%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。高危HPV DNA分型檢測(cè)陽(yáng)性預(yù)測(cè)值(70.5%)低于HPV E6/E7 mRNA檢測(cè)的陽(yáng)性預(yù)測(cè)值(86.1%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。高危HPV DNA分型檢測(cè)陰性預(yù)測(cè)值(71.4%)低于HPV E6/E7 mRNA(83.5%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。通過(guò)比較可知,除靈敏度較低之外,HPV E6/E7 mRNA檢測(cè)的特異性,陽(yáng)性預(yù)測(cè)值和陰性預(yù)測(cè)值均高于HPV DNA分型檢測(cè)的特異性,陽(yáng)性預(yù)測(cè)值和陰性預(yù)測(cè)值。說(shuō)明高危HPV E6/E7 mRNA檢測(cè)可以更好地診斷宮頸疾病,特別是對(duì)于高度病變的宮頸疾病,診斷價(jià)值較高。具體見(jiàn)表2 ~ 3。
3 討論
子宮頸癌是婦科的常見(jiàn)惡性腫瘤之一,人群的發(fā)病率在女性惡性腫瘤中名列前茅,發(fā)病率居第二位[6]。近年來(lái),發(fā)病率和死亡率呈上升趨勢(shì),根據(jù)相關(guān)的研究結(jié)果顯示,2011年宮頸癌死亡人數(shù)是2000年的1.3倍,且具有發(fā)病率輕化的趨勢(shì),由區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)、種族和其他因素,宮頸癌發(fā)病率和死亡率在全國(guó)各地區(qū)之間有顯著差異[7]。 HPV是存在于宮頸細(xì)胞中的雙鏈閉合環(huán)狀DNA病毒,其含有約7900個(gè)堿基對(duì),并屬于嗜上皮病毒[8]。臨床研究已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn),基于基因組核酸病毒的不同,HPV病毒可以分類為不同的基因型[9]。到目前為止,已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了超過(guò)150種HPV亞型,其中40種與生殖器上皮感染相關(guān)[10]。 E6 / E7基因在HPV早期編碼區(qū)出現(xiàn)是宮伴隨著頸癌惡化發(fā)生的。一旦病毒細(xì)胞中的E6 / E7基因高度表達(dá),高水平的E6 / E7提示子宮頸癌變細(xì)胞高度惡化[11]。E6/E7 mRNA作為E6和E7基因產(chǎn)物與癌基因活性相關(guān),HPV感染水平可用檢測(cè)病毒中的高危E6 / E7 mRNA水平進(jìn)行判斷[12]。
在本研究中,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)低度宮頸病變組中,高危HPV DNA分型的檢出率(35.7%)顯著高于高危HPV E6/E7 mRNA(14.2%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意(χ2=5.59,P=0.018)。高級(jí)別宮頸病變組中,高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)HPV E6/E7 mRNA檢測(cè)率(79.5%)明顯低于高危HPV DNA分型(85.7%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2= 6.12,P=0.031)。高危HPV DNA檢出率(57.4%)高于高危HPV E6/E7 mRNA(48.6%),差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=0.13,P=0.975)。這項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果與以前的研究一致,也就是說(shuō),隨著宮頸病變級(jí)別的加重,高危HPVE6/E7mRNA檢出率也有所上升,主要原因是早期HPV感染,細(xì)胞內(nèi)病毒致癌基因表達(dá)量低,隨著病情進(jìn)展,細(xì)胞內(nèi)E6 / E7 mRNA大量轉(zhuǎn)錄,導(dǎo)致E6、E7癌基因的高水平表達(dá)[13]。近年來(lái),研究表明E6 / E7 mRNA拷貝數(shù)在宮頸癌診斷和治療方面有一定價(jià)值。也證實(shí)隨著宮頸病變的進(jìn)展,細(xì)胞內(nèi)E6 / E7 mRNA表現(xiàn)出高水平的表達(dá),E6 / E7 mRNA拷貝數(shù)增加,E6,E7癌蛋白基因表達(dá)量增加[14]。
同時(shí),本研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)HPV E6/E7 mRNA檢測(cè)的特異性,陽(yáng)性預(yù)測(cè)值,陰性預(yù)測(cè)值高于高危HPV DNA分型檢測(cè),高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)HPV E6/E7 mRNA檢測(cè)能更好地診斷子宮頸疾病,特別是對(duì)于高度病變的宮頸疾病,診斷價(jià)值更高,與以往研究結(jié)果一致[15-16],我們可以認(rèn)為高危HPV E6/E7 mRNA檢測(cè)在臨床診斷中具有高價(jià)值,與高危HPV DNA分型檢測(cè)相比,檢測(cè)結(jié)果更準(zhǔn)確。在實(shí)際工作中可以考慮使用聯(lián)合檢測(cè)方法進(jìn)行檢測(cè),如高危HPV E6/E7 mRNA檢測(cè)與細(xì)胞學(xué)結(jié)合診斷疾病,既可提高宮頸疾病診斷的水平,也可減少漏診率。
綜上所述,高危HPV E6/E7 mRNA檢測(cè)作為常用的診斷手段在臨床診斷宮頸癌癥時(shí)可與轉(zhuǎn)錄活性的診斷結(jié)合,大大降低了過(guò)度檢查和過(guò)度治療的機(jī)會(huì),避免了短期高頻率檢查和反復(fù)感染對(duì)患者造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)和精神壓力。因此,高危HPV E6/E7 mRNA檢測(cè)在臨床上具有非常重要應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
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(收稿日期:2017-03-15)