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STAT6基因多態(tài)性與哮喘易感性關(guān)聯(lián)的Meta分析

2017-09-22 11:56:56鄒芬芳張健鵬高紅梅焦宏彬
關(guān)鍵詞:易感性多態(tài)性基因型

鄒芬芳++++++張健鵬++++++高紅梅++++++焦宏彬

[摘要] 目的 通過(guò)Meta分析評(píng)估信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)和轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子6(STAT6)基因多態(tài)性位點(diǎn)rs324011(2892C/T)與哮喘發(fā)病發(fā)現(xiàn)直接的關(guān)聯(lián)。 方法 檢索PubMed、EMBASE、中國(guó)知網(wǎng)以及萬(wàn)方等數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)獲取rs324011位點(diǎn)與哮喘關(guān)聯(lián)分析研究,檢索時(shí)限截至2016年12月。計(jì)算合并比值比(OR)和95%置信區(qū)間(95%CI)評(píng)估該位點(diǎn)與哮喘易感性之間的關(guān)聯(lián)。 結(jié)果 共納入9項(xiàng)研究,包括病例2247例和對(duì)照2940例。結(jié)果顯示,在隱性模型(TT vs CC+CT)和加和模型(TT vs CC)下,TT基因型會(huì)顯著增加哮喘的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(隱性模型:OR=1.32,95%CI 1.10~1.58,P=0.003;加和模型:OR=1.34,95%CI 1.10~1.63,P=0.004),而在其他模型下未見(jiàn)顯著性關(guān)聯(lián)。 結(jié)論 STAT6基因rs324011多態(tài)性位點(diǎn)是哮喘的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因子。TT基因型會(huì)顯著增加人群哮喘發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn),特別是在高加索人群中。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)和轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子6;rs324011;哮喘;Meta分析

[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R562.65 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2017)08(b)-0126-04

[Abstract] Objective To further explore the genetic association between rs324011 of STAT6 and asthma susceptibility through Meta-analysis. Methods Literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI and Wanfang Database till the date of December 2016. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated to assess the strength of association between rs324011 and asthma. Results A total of 9 studies comprising 2247 cases and 2940 controls were included in our analysis. Significant associations between rs324011 and asthma were observed that TT genotype might increase the risk of asthma in recessive model and additive model (OR=1.32, 95%CI 1.10-1.58, P=0.003 for TT vs CC+CT; OR=1.34, 95%CI 1.10-1.63, P=0.004 for TT vs CC). No similar association was observed in other models. Conclusion The polymorphism rs324011 in STAT6 is a susceptibility loci of asthma. TT genotype may increase the risk of asthma, especially in the Caucasian population.

[Key words] STAT6; rs324011; Asthma; Meta-analysis

哮喘是一種常見(jiàn)的,以氣道高反應(yīng)、氣道阻塞和慢性炎癥為主要特征的呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病。家族性哮喘研究提示哮喘具有一定的遺傳傾向,而通過(guò)全基因組連鎖分析、遺傳關(guān)聯(lián)分析研究已發(fā)現(xiàn)超過(guò)100個(gè)哮喘易感基因位點(diǎn)[1-2],其中STAT6是研究得最多的基因之一。STAT6是介導(dǎo)過(guò)敏性炎性反應(yīng)的重要因子,通常由Th2相關(guān)細(xì)胞因子如IL-4和IL-13激活并誘導(dǎo)初始T細(xì)胞分化為T(mén)h2細(xì)胞以及誘導(dǎo)產(chǎn)生IgE[3-4]。STAT6基因多態(tài)性與IgE血清水平相關(guān),與哮喘易感性之間也存在關(guān)聯(lián)。rs324011(2892C/T)位點(diǎn)是STAT6基因常見(jiàn)的多態(tài)性位點(diǎn)之一。多項(xiàng)研究對(duì)rs324011多態(tài)性位點(diǎn)與哮喘易感性關(guān)聯(lián)進(jìn)行了分析,但是結(jié)果并不一致,因此筆者進(jìn)行了Meta分析,希望通過(guò)更大樣本量的研究更加精確評(píng)估STAT6基因rs324011多態(tài)性位點(diǎn)與哮喘易感性之間的關(guān)聯(lián)。

1 資料與方法

1.1 文獻(xiàn)檢索

檢索PubMed、EMBASE、中國(guó)知網(wǎng)、萬(wàn)方等數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),檢索關(guān)鍵詞包括“STAT6”“signal transducer and activator of transcription”或“rs324011”,“asthma”或“哮喘”,“polymorphism”或“多態(tài)性”。檢索語(yǔ)言限定為英文或者中文,檢索截至日期限定為2016年12月。

1.2 文獻(xiàn)納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①rs324011位點(diǎn)與哮喘易感性關(guān)聯(lián)分析的病例對(duì)照設(shè)計(jì)研究;②文獻(xiàn)中提供了該位點(diǎn)的分型結(jié)果并能計(jì)算比值比(OR值)和95%置信區(qū)間(95% CI)。排除綜述文章、會(huì)議文章。重復(fù)性研究選取樣本量較大的研究。

1.3 信息提取

對(duì)納入的研究提取種族、樣本量、分型結(jié)果等多項(xiàng)相關(guān)信息。以上文獻(xiàn)檢索、文獻(xiàn)納入和排除以及信息提取過(guò)程均由2名獨(dú)立人員完成,發(fā)生分歧則由研究組共同討論決定。

1.4 納入研究的方法學(xué)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)

采用Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS)文獻(xiàn)評(píng)價(jià)評(píng)價(jià)量表對(duì)納入的研究文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià),得分5分及以上認(rèn)為是文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量較高,可以納入本研究中。endprint

1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

所有的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析均采用STATA 12.0軟件完成,使用Q檢驗(yàn)和I2評(píng)估各研究之間的異質(zhì)性,I2<20%表明異質(zhì)性較小,使用固定效應(yīng)模型;I2≥20%采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型。將rs324011劃分為不同的分析模型,包括等位基因模型(T vs C)、顯性模型(TT+CT vs CC)、隱性模型(TT vs CC+CT)以及加和模型(TT vs CC)。使用漏斗圖和Egger′s test來(lái)評(píng)估發(fā)表偏倚。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 納入研究特征

通過(guò)文獻(xiàn)檢索及過(guò)濾,最終9篇文獻(xiàn)被納入研究中,包括病例2247例和對(duì)照2940例[5-13]。文獻(xiàn)檢索和篩選流程見(jiàn)圖1。其中,有2篇是對(duì)中國(guó)人群進(jìn)行研究[6,10],其余7篇是針對(duì)白種人[5,7-9,11-13]。各研究對(duì)照組均符合Hardy-Weinberg Law平衡。納入研究的具體特征見(jiàn)表1。

2.2 不同模型的Meta分析

如表2所示,在等位基因模型下(C vs T),各研究之間無(wú)顯著異質(zhì)性(I2=0%),采用固定效應(yīng)模型合并。結(jié)果顯示,rs324011位點(diǎn)與哮喘之間不存在顯著性關(guān)聯(lián)(合并OR=1.08,95%CI 0.98~1.18,P=0.11)。根據(jù)種族進(jìn)行亞組分析,在亞洲人中均未發(fā)現(xiàn)顯著性關(guān)聯(lián),而在高加索人種則存在顯著性關(guān)聯(lián)(P=0.03)。類(lèi)似的,在顯性模型下(TT+CT vs CC)也沒(méi)有觀(guān)察到rs324011位點(diǎn)與哮喘之間存在顯著性關(guān)聯(lián)。

圖2是在隱性模型下(TT vs CC+CT)采用固定效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行合并的森林圖,發(fā)現(xiàn)TT基因型會(huì)增加人群哮喘的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(合并OR=1.32,95%CI 1.10~1.58,P=0.003)。根據(jù)種族進(jìn)行亞組分析,結(jié)果顯示,在亞洲人中并未見(jiàn)顯著性關(guān)聯(lián),而在高加索人種,TT基因型會(huì)增加0.34倍的哮喘發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(合并OR=1.34,95%CI 1.10~1.65,P=0.004)。與隱性模型結(jié)果相似的是,加和模型下(TT vs CC),TT基因型會(huì)增加高加索人哮喘的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

以上分析均未發(fā)現(xiàn)明顯的發(fā)表偏倚,見(jiàn)圖3。

3 討論

既往研究發(fā)現(xiàn)多個(gè)哮喘易感位點(diǎn)[14],涉及多個(gè)功能通路和機(jī)制[15-17],其中趨化因子調(diào)節(jié)基因轉(zhuǎn)錄機(jī)制,如STAT家族基因,近年來(lái)受到較大關(guān)注[18-19]。STAT6可通過(guò)上調(diào)IgE血清水平而促進(jìn)哮喘的發(fā)生。STAT6敲除小鼠接受過(guò)敏原刺激后未發(fā)生氣道高反應(yīng),缺乏典型的Th2相關(guān)趨化因子反應(yīng),也檢測(cè)不到血清IgE水平[20-21]。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,STAT6敲除小鼠受到支氣管嗜酸粒細(xì)胞增多以及抗原誘導(dǎo)黏液產(chǎn)物的保護(hù)[22]。以上提示STAT6可能在哮喘的發(fā)生過(guò)程中發(fā)揮重要作用。本次Meta分析結(jié)果表明,TT基因型會(huì)顯著增加哮喘的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn);亞組分析顯示,TT基因型與高加索人哮喘發(fā)生顯著相關(guān),而與亞洲人無(wú)明顯關(guān)聯(lián)。

STAT6基因rs324011多態(tài)性位點(diǎn)影響哮喘易感性和發(fā)生發(fā)展的生物學(xué)機(jī)制也受到重視。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),該位點(diǎn)(2892C/T)會(huì)影響總IgE水平的升高[12,23-24]。STAT6基因中兩個(gè)潛在轉(zhuǎn)錄因子結(jié)合位點(diǎn),即分別位于2號(hào)內(nèi)含子序列和STAT6結(jié)合序列的核受體κB(NF-κB)結(jié)合位點(diǎn),與IgE的誘導(dǎo)產(chǎn)生相關(guān)[25]。rs324011位點(diǎn)T等位基因會(huì)造成其中一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)镹F-κB的特異性結(jié)合位點(diǎn),從而增加STAT6啟動(dòng)子活性。此外還發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)新的STAT6亞型:STAT6d和STAT6e。攜帶TT等位基因的患者中,STAT6d和STAT6e亞型轉(zhuǎn)錄水平顯著增加。這與本研究Meta分析顯示TT基因型會(huì)增加哮喘發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的結(jié)果相符。當(dāng)然,本研究Meta分析納入的樣本量還較少,未來(lái)需要納入更多研究和不同種族的樣本,更加精確評(píng)估rs324011位點(diǎn)與哮喘易感性之間的關(guān)聯(lián)。

綜上所述,通過(guò)Meta分析發(fā)現(xiàn),STAT6基因rs324011多態(tài)性位點(diǎn)與哮喘易感性相關(guān),TT基因型會(huì)增加人群特別是高加索人的哮喘發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

[參考文獻(xiàn)]

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