文/五花肉

草木中人 清茶一杯

The Virtues of Tea

文/五花肉

1989年，著名茶學家莊晚芳先生首次提出“中國茶德”思想，用“廉、美、和、敬”四字，從道德、禮儀、社交等多個層面對“茶德”進行概括提煉，明確了茶人的精神標準和行為標準，將現(xiàn)代茶文化提升到了一個新境界。In 1989, the famous tea scientist Zhuang Wanfang first put forward the idea of virtues of Chinese tea, simplified it as integrity, beauty, harmony and respect from many aspects such as morality,rite, social contact, etc. This idea defines both spiritual and behavioral standards for tea masters,improving modern tea culture to another higher level.

茶亦有德

Virtues of Tea

中華傳統(tǒng)，以德為先，飲茶也不例外。

Chinese traditions advocate morality-first, so does Tea affairs.

茶在中國具有深厚的群眾基礎(chǔ)，貫穿在人們的日常生活中，它清淡、平和的特質(zhì)潛移默化地影響著飲茶人。一千多年前的唐代，茶圣陸羽在《茶經(jīng)·一之源》中提到“精行儉德”，提倡茶人應(yīng)具有儉樸的美德，這是最早確立的茶德標準， “茶德”概念開始萌芽。晚唐劉貞亮提出“飲茶十德”，將茶德標準的內(nèi)涵從健康養(yǎng)生擴大到處世哲學，飲茶從生活所需慢慢演變成精神追求。

With a high popularity in China, tea is a necessity for people's daily life. Its purity and tranquility influence tea drinkers subtly. A thousand years ago in the Tang Dynasty, Lu Yu, the sage of tea, mentioned clean behavior and thrifty virtue in chapter one The Origin of Tea from The Classic of Tea, advocating tea drinkers' adherence to the basic goodness. It was the earliest standard on tea virtue, since then the concept of tea virtue began burgeoning. In late Tang Dynasty,Liu Zhenliang put forward ten virtues of tea, extending the connotation of tea virtue standard from health wellness to life philosophy. Thus, tea drinking evolved from the life necessity into the spiritual pursuit.

精神的茶

Spirit of Tea

及至當代，莊晚芳主張追求人倫和諧、其樂融融的境界，逐漸成為公認的茶德標準。可見，“德”作為茶的精神內(nèi)涵和行為準則，始終貫穿在飲茶人的日常生活中，并且不斷推動著茶人追求更高的精神享受。

In the contemporary era, Zhuang Wanfang's pursuit for harmonious human relationship and a state of enjoyment have gradually become recognized standards on tea virtue. It is clear that, as the spiritual connotation and standards of behavior, virtue is very important in tea drinker's daily life, encouraging them to seek spiritual enjoyment of higher level.

無論是莊晚芳的“廉、美、和、敬”，程啟坤、姚國坤的“理、敬、清、融”，還是范增平的“和、儉、靜、潔”等，雖然表述不盡相同，卻有著共同的精神追求，即遵循茶的自然本性，主張儉樸、平和、有禮、和睦的人生觀、價值觀，將“物質(zhì)的茶”升華為“精神的茶”。

Whether Zhuang Wanfang’s theory of integrity, beauty,harmony and respect, Cheng Qikun and Yao Guokun's concept of rationality, respect, purity and integration,or Fan Zengping's value of harmony, frugality,tranquility and cleanness, although their expressions are different, they all bear the same spiritual pursuit:following the nature of tea, advocating the values of frugality, harmony, respect and cleanness and regarding material tea as spiritual tea.

茶德之魂

Soul of Tea Virtues

茶德作為茶的精神內(nèi)涵的集中體現(xiàn)，也是茶人的行為標準。前幾期中介紹的中日茶道，是從禮法、程序等角度對茶人進行約束，而茶德則主要以“和”來規(guī)范茶人的言行。

Fully embodying tea's spiritual connotation, tea virtue also is the behavior standard for tea masters. The Chinese and Japanese teaism introduced in the past articles restrain tea masters from rites and procedures,while tea virtue regulates their words and deeds by harmony.

“和”既是中國茶道的哲學基礎(chǔ)，也是中國茶德的靈魂。現(xiàn)代社會，生活節(jié)奏快，生存壓力大，更需要心平氣和、張弛有度。以茶待客、以禮示人，清茶一杯、洗心滌煩，往往不經(jīng)意間就營造出和諧的意境。

Harmony is the philosophy foundation of Chinese teaism as well as the soul of Chinese tea virtue. It is a need for us to keep calm and balance in a society of fast-paced and stressful work. To treat people with tea and respect, sometimes a cup of tea can refresh the mind and then create a harmonious atmosphere unconsciously.

正如莊晚芳所說，中國茶德應(yīng)該合乎“茶性、人性和人生正確的道德理念”。以茶養(yǎng)德，以和為貴，能夠讓人們放慢腳步、以誠相待、修身養(yǎng)性，培養(yǎng)高尚的道德情操，以更高的道德標準要求自己。

As Zhuang Wanfang said, virtues of Chinese tea should be consistent with the nature of tea, humanity,as well as right moral concepts of life. Nurturing virtues through Tea and placing harmony at the first place can slow people down, let them treat each other with integrity and cultivate moral sentiment in an effort to reach higher moral standards.

結(jié) 語

Conclusion

中華民族喝茶、愛茶、懂茶，是因為茶的特性和中華民族所推崇的廉儉淡泊、重情重禮如出一轍，繼承與發(fā)揚中國茶德，對傳承中華民族優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)、傳播社會正能量意義深遠。

The nature of tea is exactly same with the characters of integrity, frugality and loyalty Chinese nation respect, which is a good explanation on why Chinese nation drink tea, love tea and appreciate tea. Thus,developing and upholding the virtues of Chinese tea are of great significance in inheriting traditional Chinese ethics and disseminating positive social powers.

（支持單位：上海市質(zhì)量和標準化研究院）