齊永波
高考英語書面表達題側重考查學生根據(jù)試題提供的情景和特定的要求進行書面表達的能力,包括遣詞造句等語言表達能力、邏輯思維能力和想象能力。2017年全國高考英語卷書面表達題,分值25分(廣東實際為25×1.125=28.125分)。筆者參加了評卷工作,現(xiàn)結合廣東考生在書面表達題中出現(xiàn)的一些問題,對該題的答題情況進行簡要分析,并對2017年英語全國I卷書面表達題提出解題指導。
一、2017年高考英語全國?玉卷書面表達題及特點
假定你是李華,正在教你的英國朋友Leslie學習漢語。請你寫封郵件告知下次上課的計劃。內容包括:
(1)時間和地點;
(2)內容:學習唐詩;
(3)課前準備:簡要了解唐朝的歷史。
注意:
1. 詞數(shù)100左右;
2. 可以適當增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫。
這道題的設置緊貼生活實際,寫信內容自然融入中國文化,與大綱吻合,體現(xiàn)了對考生學科素養(yǎng)的考查。同時郵件主體是中國與英國學生的交際行為,涉及跨文化交流,有益于培養(yǎng)學生的文化底蘊。 題中第三個寫作要點為寫作提供了開放空間,考生可以根據(jù)自己的知識儲備進行發(fā)揮,同時也考查學生如何表達觀點和態(tài)度等,符合《普通高中英語新課程標準(2003版)》目標的要求。
二、答題情況
筆者在評卷過程中發(fā)現(xiàn),絕大多數(shù)考生對作文題的審題較準確,基本能寫出四個內容要點,結構較為完整,開頭語、正文、結尾部分基本符合書信體規(guī)范,對于唐詩和唐朝文化都能夠進行一定程度的介紹。但語言表達句型不夠豐富,連貫詞僵硬死板;部分考生審題不夠細致,致使作文與題目無關,或關聯(lián)性不強;有的考生甚至用背誦默寫或直接抄襲試卷中的其他內容來完成作文??傮w來看,今年的考生篇章意識較往年有所增強。
三、主要失分點分析
1. 審題不清
有考生弄錯了寫信人與收信人之間的關系,不是以Leslie的朋友身份進行寫信,即沒有假定Lihua是Leslie的朋友。
2. 內容要點表達不確切或抄襲
一些考生沒有明確寫出授課的時間和地點,也沒有明確學習的內容是唐詩,把對唐朝歷史的了解寫成了對中國歷史的了解。還有考生全篇都寫了完全與主題無關的內容,或者一字不改地全盤照抄試卷中的其他內容,這類作文得零分。有的考生直接抄一部分無關內容夾雜在自己作文中,企圖蒙混過關,對這類作文,評卷老師一般只根據(jù)與主題有關的內容來給分。
3. 單詞誤用
①Because the library is very quite. (quite和quiet混用)
②I like Chinese poems, who wrote lots of poets.(poet是詩人,poem才是詩)
4. 大小寫不分
①The time of our next class is friday. (應把friday改為Friday)
②Tang poems are very famous in old china.(應把china改為China)
5. 詞性混用
①You can prepare these plans to improve your study effective. (改為efficiency)
②I think you like the Chinese cultural. (改為culture)
③If necessarily, I would change my plan.(改為necessary)
④I feel delight to write to you.(改為delighted)
⑤Its honor for me to tell you the next lesson.(改為honorable)
⑥You can learn Chinese fastly.(改為fast)
⑦Its difficulty to learn it well.(改為difficult)
6. 拼寫錯誤
① Ill give you some suggestions as you good friend.(把you改為your )
②The next Chinese lessen will be set at my home.(把lessen改為lesson)
③I thing we will have a comfortable class.(把thing改為think)
④I believe you will fall in love with Chinese poens.(把pones改為poems)
⑤If you arent free, I will change my plant. (把plant改為plan)
⑥I will teache you Tang poems. (把teache改為teach)
7. 可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞分不清
①I think you will make a great progress.(去掉a)
②Ill give you some informations.(把informations改為information)
③I have a good news to tell you.(去掉a)
④I have many time this weekend.(把many改為much)endprint
8. 錯用介詞
①We will learn Tang poems in next lesson.(去掉 in)
②The next lesson is arranged on next weekend.(去掉on)
③The next class is on my home.(把on改成at)
④Lets meet in the gate of our school.(把in改成at)
⑤Please trust in yourself, you can learn Chinese well.(去掉in)
⑥I will teach you about Tang Poems.(去掉about)
9. 謂語錯誤
①I will waiting for your reply.(改為wait for)
②I am intend to teach you Chinese.(改為am intended to)
③I writing to tell you the time of next lesson.(改為am wrting)
④ Do you interesting in Tang poems?(改為Are you interested in...?)
⑤I suggest that you can do...(去掉can或把can改為should)
⑥Our lesson will be started at 8:00 a.m.(改為will start或starts)
10. 中式英語
①Please dont forget the next lesson begin time.
②I know you very like Chinese culture.
③In order to you can better to study Chinese, I suggest that you learn the history of Tang Dynasty in advance.
11. 標點符號錯誤
①The plan is as follows:(將冒號改為句號)
②Only in this way, can you learn Chinese well. (去掉逗號)
③《A Tranquil Night》, one of my favorite poems , was written by Libai.(去掉書名號)
12. 卷面和字數(shù)問題
卷面不整潔,書寫潦草,字體過大或過小,間距太密或太疏等,都會影響評卷老師給分。字數(shù)不夠也會扣分,但太多的話(只要沒有超過給出的18行),今年評卷都沒有給予扣分。
13. 語言不得體
With my help, you must learn Chinese well.
14. 分段不對
部分考生只寫一段,也有考生隔行寫或每句寫一段,這些都是不可取的。
15. 其他誤用
①Youd better to understand the history to Tang Dynasty.(情態(tài)動詞沒有掌握好)
②Im writing to tell you the next times plan.(錯用名詞所有格)
③You need to ready something for Tang poems.(ready和prepare不分)
④I will teach you Tangshi.(用中文拼音來表述)
⑤I like JingYeshi wrote by Libai.(非謂語動詞掌握不牢)
⑥This summer holiday I have a 3 months vacation.(數(shù)詞表達不準確)
四、解題指導
1. 如何寫開頭
高考英語全國卷書面表達題多為書信類寫作,此類文章通常要求開篇寫明寫信目的。常用的句型是Im writing to do sth.今年的書面表達題開頭部分可以這樣寫:
①I am writing to tell you the arrangement of the next class.
②Im writing to tell you my plan for our next Chinese class and remind you to do some preparations for the class.
③Im writing to inform you of the plan of the next class.
④Had you completely understand what I taught you yesterday? Im writing to inform you the plan of your next Chinese lesson.
2. 如何寫好中間段
(1)盡量使用高中詞匯
①I would like to give you some suggestions.(替代advice)
②I will be available after class. (替代free)
③You are supposed to do some preparations. (替代should)endprint
④The lesson is scheduled to be held on Jan 9th in Guangzhou Library.
(2)用短語比用單詞好
①The most significant thing you should bear in mind is that you had better come to my home on time.(替代remember)
②The next lesson falls on this Sunday morning, which will begin at 9:00 am and end 11:00 am.(替代begins或starts)
(3)巧用形容詞和副詞
①Im looking forward to your timely reply.
②At last, Im firmly/ fully convinced that with our combined efforts, you are bound to make great progress in studying Chinese.
③To satisfy your interest better, I sincerely recommend you to do some brief research of Tang Dynasty, which will contribute favorably to deepen your understanding of those poems.
(4)非謂語動詞是亮點
①Differing from the poem of Britain, the Poems of Tang have many topics.
②Having realized your burning desire to learn Chinese, Im writing to tell you the next Chinese class.
③I will prepare the class seriously, hoping that you will satisfy with my lesson and learn more knowledge.
(5)靈活運用復合句
①There have been three weeks since we had the last lesson.
②I suggest that you should make a knowledge of Tang Dynasty, which is a boom and colorful ancient dynasty.
③What I want to stress is that you are supposed to learn the history of Tang Dynasty in advance.
(6)固定句型、介詞短語不能少
①No one can deny the fact that learning Chinese is of great benefit to you.
②When it comes to Chinese, there is no doubt that Tang Poems is very famous.
③There is no doubt that you will make great progress if you study hard.
④To be honest, you made great progress and it hits me that I have never seen such a foreigner like you who can have so brilliant and excellent spoken ability.
(7)巧用特殊句式、名言警句
①Finally, if I were you, I would learn some related information about Tangs history.(虛擬語氣)
②Only in this way can you learn Tang poems well.(倒裝句)
③If necessary, I would change my plan.(省略句)
④So excited am I that I cant wait to teach you to study Chinese. Here is a brief schedule.(倒裝句)
⑤Practice makes perfect.(熟能生巧)
(8)用被動句比用主動句好
①To begin with, the course is to be held at 9:00 in school reading room on this Sunday morning, thus you have to arrange your schedule accordingly in advance.
②You are expected to know the history of Tang Dynasty roughly.
③Tang poems are filled with beautiful words and moving emotions.endprint
(9)合理恰當使用連接詞,不要為了連貫而連貫
①Firstly, I arranged the class, which will be set at my home.
②Anyway, you can take this task into great consideration because it contributes to learn Tang poems well.
③More importantly, you will be exposed to some wonderful Tang poems in my class.
3. 如何寫好結尾
書信寫作的結尾部分一般會根據(jù)情景使用一些客套性、委婉性的語句。此時,要注意的是作文題目給出的最后一個寫作要點能不能直接作為書信的客套性結尾,如果不能,我們可以結合書信開頭及常識,以及不同信體特點,自行聯(lián)想增加結尾,做到首尾呼應。如建議信的結尾通常是期待接納建議;咨詢信和求助信的結尾通常是希望得到回復和幫助;申請信和求助信的結尾通常表達“申請獲批準”的愿望;感謝信的結尾可以再次表達感謝等。2017年的書面表達題的最后一個寫作要點是關于“課前準備:簡要了解唐朝的歷史”,由此,考生可以大膽判斷應自行增加結尾部分,如:
①If you have any question in the process of preparing, feel free to ask me. I am looking forward to the class.
②If there are any doubts, please contact me without hesitation. Hoping that you will succeed in learning Chinese. Best wishes.
③With making full preparations, you will be attracted by the beauty of Tang Poems. Your prompt and favorable reply would be highly appreciated.
綜上所述,高考英語書面表達題作為高考試卷的重要組成部分,考生要想在這一塊獲得高分,除了要認真審題,準確識記單詞,掌握基本語法結構和句子結構,還要擁有扎實的英語寫作功底,熟練掌握寫作基本思路和方法,注重字數(shù)和書寫,有規(guī)則意識,切不可堆砌浮夸,死記硬背范文。
責任編輯 魏文琦endprint