吳濤
模塊九第一單元
一、詞匯
1. occasion n. (P.9) ①[C]時(shí)刻,時(shí)節(jié);②[C]重要的慶?;顒?dòng);③[U]場(chǎng)合,時(shí)機(jī)。如:
I've met with him on several occasions. 我已見過他好幾次。
I bought a new dress just for the occasion. 就為這次活動(dòng),我買了一身新衣服。
The conference is an occasion for different countries to exchange views. 這次大會(huì)是不同國家交流看法的一個(gè)好時(shí)機(jī)。
【拓展】 on occasion有時(shí),間或;occasional adj. 偶爾的; occasionally adv. 偶爾地
【高考真題回放】 (1) An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered _____ a long lost antique Greek vase.(2013湖北卷)
A. at random B. by chance
C. in turn D. on occasion 【答案】 B。
at random任意地,隨便地;by chance偶然地,意外地;in turn轉(zhuǎn)而,反過來,依次;on occasion有時(shí),間或;此處是指一個(gè)藝術(shù)家偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)古希臘花瓶,所以選B。解題的關(guān)鍵在于正確理解和把握固定詞組的多個(gè)含義。
(2) If we leave right away,_____ , we'll arrive on time. (2013浙江卷6)
A. hopefully B. curiously
C. occasionally D. gradually 【答案】 A。
hopefully抱有希望的。句意:如果我們馬上離開,我們就有希望按時(shí)到達(dá)。此處hopefully, we'll arrive on time相當(dāng)于it's hopeful that we'll arrive on time。
2. equip vt. (L.26, P.14) “裝配,配備”,如:
The soldiers were equipped with the latest weapons. 士兵們配備著最新式的武器。
So he gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in medicine. 于是他拿出好幾百萬元幫助其他人進(jìn)行醫(yī)學(xué)研究。
【拓展】 be equipped with裝配,安裝;be equipped for準(zhǔn)備好,對(duì)……有準(zhǔn)備
【高考真題回放】 She the carpet with some very nice curtains in color.(2013江西卷)
A. connected B. fitted
C. equipped D. matched 【答案】 D。
句意:她把彩色的漂亮窗簾與地毯搭配起來。A connect... with“用……把……連接起來”;B 與fit經(jīng)常搭配的介詞是to“使……適合……,適應(yīng)”;C equip... with... “用……裝備、使具備”;D match... with“使……相配”。
二、短語或句型
3. Canada is one of the largest countries in the world, second only to Russia... (L.1, P.2) 加拿大是世界上最大的國家之一,僅次于俄國……。
【點(diǎn)撥】 second only to 僅次于……; second to none 最好的
In terms of scoring goals, he was second only to Liu Xiang during the match. 這場(chǎng)比賽中,他的得分僅次于劉翔。
We will provide a service second to none. 我們將提供最為優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)。
【拓展】 短語中介詞to有“比較”的意思。類似的短語有:
be junior to比……年輕,比……資格淺; be senior to 比……年長(zhǎng),比……資格老; be superior to比……優(yōu)越, 勝過……; be inferior to比……差,不如……
【高考真題回放】 I'm so _____ to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily. (2015安徽卷26)
A. special B. superior
C. grateful D. attractive 【答案】 C。
句意:我非常感激所有的志愿者,因?yàn)樗麄儙臀野言愀獾囊惶熳兂闪擞淇斓囊惶?。A特殊的;B優(yōu)秀的,比……好的;C感激的;D有吸引力的。根據(jù)句意可知,這里是在向志愿者表達(dá)感激之情,故選C。
4. In the heart of Toronto is the Canadian National Tower, which is often called the CN Tower for short. (L22, P.2) 加拿大國家電視塔坐落于多倫多市中心,通常簡(jiǎn)稱CN塔。endprint
Adding to the extraordinary beauty of Changling is the Ling'en Palace, ... (L.18, P.30)陵恩殿以其簡(jiǎn)單設(shè)計(jì)和彩繪內(nèi)頂而聞名,為長(zhǎng)陵增添了宏偉與壯麗。
【點(diǎn)撥】 這兩句為倒裝句。句首狀語是表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語或某些表示方向的副詞(here, there, up, down, now, then, in, out, away, off)時(shí),完全倒裝。但主語如為人稱代詞時(shí),則不能倒裝。為了句子平衡,我們經(jīng)常把-ed形式、-ing形式、形容詞等放置在句首,并且將謂語動(dòng)詞提到主語前面。如:
(1) On the hill in front of them stood a great castle.在他們面前的山上有一座大的城堡。
(2) Present at the meeting are teachers teaching 30 years.出席會(huì)議的是任教30年的教師。
【拓展】 部分倒裝是指(1)so, nor, neither;(2)虛擬語氣中if省略;(3)否定詞作狀語位于句首;(4)only+狀語位于句首;(5)在so...that, such...that等結(jié)構(gòu)中, so、 such位于句首;(6)在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中。
【高考真題回放】 (1) Not once _____ to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class. (2013湖南卷35)
A. occurred it B. it did occur
C. it occurred D. did it occur 【答案】 D。
(2) _____ the nurses want a pay increase, but also they want reduced hours as well. (2014廣州卷26)
A. Not do only B. Do not only
C. Only not do D. Not only do 【答案】 D。
(3) Only when Lily walked into the office _____ that she had left the contract at home. (2015天津卷3)
A. she realized
B. has she realized
C. she has realized
D. did she realize 【答案】 D。
5. Montreal, a port in the province of Quebec, ..., Paris being the largest. (L.24, P.2)魁北克省內(nèi)的港口城市蒙特利爾是加拿大第二大城市,也是世界上僅次于巴黎的第二大法語城市。
With most of its population living near the coast, swimming and surfing are popular activities... (L21,P14) 由于大部分人口都住在沿海地區(qū),游泳和沖浪是人們最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)。
【點(diǎn)撥】 Paris being the largest是一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),在句中做狀語,補(bǔ)充說明。相當(dāng)于and Paris is the largest. With most of its population living near the coast 是一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中做原因狀語,相當(dāng)于Because most of its population live near the coast, ... 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成:(with) + 名詞/代詞+形容詞/副詞/介詞短語/分詞或不定式。 如:
(1) Weather permitting, we shall play the match tomorrow. 明天如果天氣好,我們就進(jìn)行比賽。
(2) With so much homework to do, he hurried home. 有那么多作業(yè)要做,他很快回去了。
【高考真題回放】 (1) His lecture _____ , a lively question-and-answer session followed. (2014江蘇卷29)
A. being given
B. having given
C. to be given
D. having been given 【答案】 D。
a lively question-and-answer session followed是一個(gè)完整的句子,本題的兩部分之間缺少連詞,所以逗號(hào)前面的不能是句子,只能是一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。名詞his lecture與動(dòng)詞give之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以使用過去分詞表示被動(dòng),排除B項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)表示正在進(jìn)行,C項(xiàng)不定式表示將要進(jìn)行,都不符合語義。D項(xiàng)having been done作狀語的時(shí)候相當(dāng)于done。本句的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)His lecture having been given相當(dāng)于After his lecture had been given。句意:他的演講結(jié)束后,將是一個(gè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)問答部分。
(2) Much time _____ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems. (2015江蘇卷24)endprint
A. being spent B. having spent
C. spent D. spending 【答案】 C。
6. For fans of this sport, though, it is an art form. (L.38, P.15) 但對(duì)于熱愛這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的人而言,它是一種藝術(shù)。
【點(diǎn)撥】 though此處用作副詞,前后都用逗號(hào)與主句隔開,意為“然而、但是”。如:
He said he would come to the party, he didn't, though. 他說他回來參加晚會(huì)的,然而沒來。
【拓展】 though還可以用作連詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,表示“盡管”。如:
Although / Though he is young, (yet) he knows a lot. 盡管他年輕,然而他懂得很多東西。
【高考真題回放】 (1) _____ small, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries. (2013天津卷5)
A. As B. If
C. Although D. Once 【答案】 C。
(2) Lessons can be learned to face the future, _____ history cannot be changed.(2014江蘇卷21)
A. though B. as
C. since D. unless 【答案】 A。
(3) _____ scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still don't know. (2015安徽卷23)
A. Once B. Since
C. Though D. Unless 【答案】 C。
7. The only active participants are the horses and the people who ride them, while everyone else watches. (L.44, P.15) 只有馬和騎手積極參與,而其他所有人都在觀看。
【點(diǎn)撥】 在這個(gè)句子當(dāng)中,while用作并列連詞,表示“然而”。
【拓展】 除此之外,while還有名詞和從屬連詞(有兩種用法):
1) 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”,“在……期間”。如:
He took a bath while I was preparing dinner. 我在準(zhǔn)備晚餐的時(shí)候他正在洗澡。
2) 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,表示“盡管,雖然”,相當(dāng)于though。如:
While I understand your viewpoint, I don't agree with you. 盡管我理解你的觀點(diǎn),我還是不能同意你的觀點(diǎn)。
【高考真題回放】 (1) There's no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery another man, also intelligent, fails. (2013新課標(biāo)I32)
A. since B. if
C. as D. while 【答案】 D。
(2) _____ the students came from different countries, they got along quite well in the summer camp. (2015福建卷31)
A. While B. Unless
C. Since D. Until 【答案】 A。
8. 本單元中的一些重點(diǎn)短語:
be second only to... 僅次于……
minus 29 degrees centigrade 零下29攝氏度
for short 簡(jiǎn)稱
frozen wastes 冰封的荒原
be home to 為……的所在地
a handful of 少數(shù), 一把
go with 與……相配
participate in 參加
in particular 尤其,特別,專門
rather than 而不是
consist of 由……組成
lead to 通往,通向;導(dǎo)致,引發(fā)
turn to 變成,轉(zhuǎn)變
be equipped with 配備有……
be worthy of... 值得……
as well as 和,以及
be content with sth. / to do sth. 對(duì)……滿足/滿意
distinguish A from B / distinguish between A and B把A和B區(qū)分開來
模塊九第二單元
一、詞匯
1. decoration n. (L.19, P.30) 裝飾,裝修,裝潢
The house is wonderful. But I don't like the decorations.房子不錯(cuò),不過我不喜歡里面的裝潢。endprint
【拓展】 decorate vt. 裝飾,裝潢;decorative adj. 裝飾的,裝潢的;decorator n.裝飾家
【高考真題回放】 —The town is so beautiful! I just love it.(2013江蘇卷)
—Me too. The character of the town is well _____ .
A. qualified B. preserved
C. decorated D. simplified 【答案】 B。
動(dòng)詞的過去分詞已具備形容詞的性質(zhì)。be qualified合格的;有資格的;be well preserved保存完好的;be well decorated裝飾得很漂亮的;be simplified被簡(jiǎn)化的。根據(jù)句意,選B。句意:——這座小鎮(zhèn)是如此美麗!我真是喜歡它。——我也是。小鎮(zhèn)的特色保存得很完好。
2. (1) associate vt. (L.16, P.18)使……發(fā)生聯(lián)系,使聯(lián)合;association n. 如:
We associate China with the Great Wall.我們說起中國,就會(huì)想到長(zhǎng)城。
(2) register vt. 登記,注冊(cè);n. 花名冊(cè),登記簿 (L.47, P.31) 如:
He registered the birth of his child. 他登記了他孩子的出生日期。
The teacher kept a register of the names of the children.這老師保留了一份孩子們的名冊(cè)。
【高考真題回放】 (1) According to the law, all foreigners have to _____ with the local police within two weeks of arrival.(2013湖北卷24)
A. associate B. dispute
C. negotiate D. register 【答案】 D。
register登記,注冊(cè);associate(使)發(fā)生聯(lián)系;(使)聯(lián)合;結(jié)交;聯(lián)想;dispute辯論,爭(zhēng)論;negotiate談判,協(xié)商;此處是指所有的外國人都必須在抵達(dá)兩周內(nèi)到當(dāng)?shù)鼐炀值怯洝?/p>
(2) Top graduates from universities are _____ by major companies.(2014江蘇卷25)
A. chased B. registered
C. offered D. compensated 【答案】 A。
chase追求,追逐;register登記,注冊(cè);offer提供;compensate補(bǔ)償,賠償;句意:來自大學(xué)里的優(yōu)秀畢業(yè)生受到大公司的追捧。本句表示大公司愿意接受大學(xué)的優(yōu)秀畢業(yè)生。
二、短語或句型
3. In 1816, these sculptures were turned over to the British Museum. (L.60-61, P.18-19)1816年,這些雕塑被移交給大英博物館。
【點(diǎn)撥】 turn sth. over to sb. “把……移交給(他人管理)”
【拓展】 turn to somebody for help向某人求助;turn up 出現(xiàn),到來;調(diào)高(音量等);turn away打發(fā)走; turn down調(diào)低;拒絕; turn in上交; turn into變成;turn off關(guān)掉; turn on打開; turn out生產(chǎn);結(jié)果是
【高考真題回放】 Tom had to the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy. (2015天津卷10)
A. turn in B. turn down
C. turn over D. turn to 【答案】 B。
4. ... in 1801, when an Englishman, Lord Elgin, cut them off the face of the Parthenon, and took them to London.(L.54-59, P.18)當(dāng)時(shí)英國人埃爾金勛爵把這些雕塑從帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟的建筑表層切割下來,運(yùn)往倫敦。
【點(diǎn)撥】 非限制性定語從句起補(bǔ)充作用,如果省略,不影響主句意義的完整;一般要用逗號(hào)與主句隔開;修飾先行詞,也可以修飾部分或整個(gè)主句;不用that以及why引導(dǎo)。關(guān)系詞不能省略。
【高考真題回放】 (1) Opposite is St. Paul's Church, _____ you can hear some lovely music.(2015北京卷24)
A. which B. that
C. when D. where 【答案】 D。
(2) He wrote many children' s books, nearly half of _____ were published in the 1990s. (2015重慶卷14)
A. whom B. which
C. them D. that 【答案】 B。
(3) The number of smokers,_____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.(2015江蘇卷21)endprint
A. it B. which
C. what D. as 【答案】 D。
(4) The books on the desk, _____ covers are shiny, are prizes for us. (2015四川卷3)
A. which B. what
C. whose D. that 【答案】 C。
5. In 1616, he was given permission to make a trip to South America to look for gold on behalf of King James. (P.27) 他被允許代表詹姆斯國王去南美洲尋找黃金。
【點(diǎn)撥】 on behalf of “代表某人”如:Don't trouble to do it on my behalf. 不要為了我去麻煩了。
由“介詞+名詞+介詞”構(gòu)成的短語還有:in charge of掌管,負(fù)責(zé); in control of控制;in memory of紀(jì)念; in honor of紀(jì)念;向……表示敬意; in / with regard to關(guān)于; in favor of贊同,支持; in addition to除……以外; on top of在……上方;除……之外; in response to作為對(duì)……的回應(yīng)、答復(fù)。
【高考真題回放】 (1) These comments came _____ specific questions often asked by local newsmen. (2015浙江卷17)
A. in memory of
B. in response to
C. in touch with
D. in possession of 【答案】 B。
句意:這些評(píng)論是對(duì)某些經(jīng)常被當(dāng)?shù)匦侣勅藛柕降膯栴}的回應(yīng)。A. in memory of意為“紀(jì)念”, B. in response to意為“回應(yīng)”,C. in touch with意為“聯(lián)系”,D. in possession of意為“擁有”。分析句子成分可知空格處充當(dāng)介詞短語作狀語的作用,根據(jù)常識(shí)和句意,評(píng)論應(yīng)該是對(duì)問題的回應(yīng)。
(2) Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live_____ nature. (2015福建卷32)
A. in view of
B. in need of
C. in touch with
D. in harmony with 【答案】 D。
A. in view of由于,鑒于,基于……; B. in need of需要; C. in touch with和……接觸; D. in harmony with與……和諧相處。這四個(gè)短語后面都應(yīng)該接名詞,該句意思為:人的生活是自然的一部分,因此,我們能生存下來的唯一的方法就是與自然和諧相處。
6. Along the Scared Way, which leads to the tombs, you can... (L.11, P.30) 沿著通向陵墓的神道,你可以……
【點(diǎn)撥】 lead to 課文中意為“通向”; (結(jié)果) 導(dǎo)致……。如:
All roads lead to Rome. 條條大路通羅馬。
Hiding your anger can only lead to unhappiness. 把氣憋在肚子里只能導(dǎo)致不快。
【拓展】 ①導(dǎo)致某人做某事,用:lead to sb. / one's doing sth. 或者lead sb. to do sth. 如:
His anger with the teacher led him to shout loudly in class.
His anger with the teacher led to his shouting loudly in class. 他對(duì)老師的怨氣導(dǎo)致他在教室里大叫大嚷。
②n.“引導(dǎo),帶頭,領(lǐng)先”,如:gain / have / take the lead in the race在賽跑中領(lǐng)先
【高考真題回放】 With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a for the better.(2013江蘇卷)
A. share B. chance
C. turn D. lead 【答案】 C。
本題考查固定短語在語境中的應(yīng)用。A. take a share分擔(dān)……;為……出力;B. take a chance冒險(xiǎn);C. take a turn轉(zhuǎn)彎,轉(zhuǎn);(情況、形勢(shì)等)轉(zhuǎn)變;D. take a lead領(lǐng)先,帶頭。根據(jù)本句for the better的提示,可見是講轉(zhuǎn)變,變得更好。句意:有了源于其他飲食文化的靈感,美國飲食文化可以變得更好。
7. Adding to the extraordinary beauty of Changling is the Ling'en Palace, ... (L.18, P.30)陵恩殿以其簡(jiǎn)單設(shè)計(jì)和彩繪內(nèi)頂而聞名,為長(zhǎng)陵增添了宏偉與壯麗。
【點(diǎn)撥】 短語add to意為“增加,增添”;“使……規(guī)模擴(kuò)大”。如:endprint
That will only add to our difficulties. 那只會(huì)增加我們的困難。
Since then, the Great Wall has been added to, rebuilt and repaired, especially during the Ming Dynasty. 從那以后特別在明朝,長(zhǎng)城得到了不斷的擴(kuò)建、重建及維修。
【拓展】 與add有關(guān)的常用短語還有:
add... to... 把……加到……上; add up to 加起來總數(shù)為……;add to增添;add up把加起來
【高考真題回放】 Peter will _____ his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month. (2015陜西卷25)
A. take up B. put up
C. add up D. break up 【答案】 A。
句意:Peter在這個(gè)月底將從事旅行社負(fù)責(zé)人的職位。take up拿起,開始從事;put up豎立;搭建;add up加起來;break up結(jié)束;分解。
8. ... as it stresses to everyone their extreme importance and value. (L43, P.31)……因?yàn)檫@向世人強(qiáng)調(diào)了它們極大的重要性和寶貴價(jià)值。
【點(diǎn)撥】 stress vt.著重,強(qiáng)調(diào)。如:
He stressed the point that we should be on time.他強(qiáng)調(diào)的一點(diǎn)是我們必須準(zhǔn)時(shí)。
【拓展】 n. 壓力,重壓;緊迫,緊張。如:
in times of stress在艱難困苦之時(shí);under stress of weather迫于惡劣的天氣; 常用短語:lay(或place, put) stress on(或upon)把重點(diǎn)放在……上
【高考真題回放】 One of the most effective ways to reduce is to talk about feeling with someone you trust. (2015浙江卷15)
A. production B. stress
C. energy D. passive 【答案】 B。
9. ...as it sends the message to everyone that these sites are extremely important and precious. (L53, P31) ……因?yàn)樗虼蠹姨峁┝诉@樣的信息,即這些遺址非常重要和珍貴。
【點(diǎn)撥】 同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別:這兩個(gè)從句相似,都放在某一名詞或代詞后面。同位語從句對(duì)名詞加以補(bǔ)充說明,是名詞全部?jī)?nèi)容的體現(xiàn),引導(dǎo)詞不在從句中擔(dān)任任何成分;定語從句對(duì)名詞加以限制,是名詞內(nèi)容的修飾性定語,其引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、狀語等成分。如:The news that he got there was true.該句有兩種分析方法:①get為vt.,that在從句中擔(dān)任賓語,可換成which,也可省略,所以that引導(dǎo)定語從句。句意:他在那兒得到的消息是真實(shí)的。②get為vi.,that在從句中不擔(dān)任成分,引導(dǎo)同位語從句。句意:他到達(dá)那兒的消息是真實(shí)的。
【高考真題回放】
—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? (2014重慶卷12)
—Yeah, but I have no idea _____ he did it; that's one of his favorite universities.
A. when B. why
C. that D. how 【答案】 B 同位語從句。
Please send us all the information _____ you have about the candidate for the position.(2014陜西卷13)
A. that B. which
C. as D. what 【答案】 A 定語從句。
10. 本單元中的一些重點(diǎn)短語:
be charged with 被指控犯有……罪
on behalf of somebody 代表某人,代替某人
in particular 尤其
have an influence on 對(duì)……產(chǎn)生影響
no different 也沒什么不同,不例外
in a gesture to do sth. 為了做某事
give birth to 生(孩子)
sentence sb. to death 判處某人死刑
in terms of 在……方面,從……方面來說
the pace of change 變化的步伐
associate... with 把……與……相聯(lián)系;聯(lián)想
seize / take control of 掌控;獲得……控制權(quán)
in the field of literature 在文學(xué)方面
at the last minute 在關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻
make room for 為……騰地方;讓位于
give (sb.) permission to do sth. 允許……做
a temple / monument to sb. 為某人而修建的寺廟或紀(jì)念碑endprint