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低溫凍融-酶解預(yù)處理對(duì)稻稈厭氧發(fā)酵產(chǎn)氣特性的影響

2017-11-16 00:51鄧媛方王雅君戴本林徐繼明
關(guān)鍵詞:厭氧發(fā)酵產(chǎn)氣凍融

鄧媛方 邱 凌 王雅君 戴本林 徐繼明

(1.西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)機(jī)械與電子工程學(xué)院,陜西楊凌 712100;2.淮陰師范學(xué)院江蘇省生物質(zhì)能與酶技術(shù)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室, 淮安 223300;3.西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)部農(nóng)村可再生能源開(kāi)發(fā)利用西北科學(xué)觀測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)站,陜西楊凌 712100;4.淮陰師范學(xué)院江蘇省區(qū)域現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)與環(huán)境保護(hù)協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心, 淮安 223300)

低溫凍融-酶解預(yù)處理對(duì)稻稈厭氧發(fā)酵產(chǎn)氣特性的影響

鄧媛方1,2邱 凌1,3王雅君1,3戴本林2,4徐繼明2,4

(1.西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)機(jī)械與電子工程學(xué)院,陜西楊凌 712100;2.淮陰師范學(xué)院江蘇省生物質(zhì)能與酶技術(shù)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室, 淮安 223300;3.西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)部農(nóng)村可再生能源開(kāi)發(fā)利用西北科學(xué)觀測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)站,陜西楊凌 712100;4.淮陰師范學(xué)院江蘇省區(qū)域現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)與環(huán)境保護(hù)協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心, 淮安 223300)

為利用我國(guó)寒冷地區(qū)天然冷資源,在實(shí)驗(yàn)室模擬低溫環(huán)境(Z組:-4℃,S組:-20℃),探索低溫凍融及纖維素酶液預(yù)處理對(duì)水稻秸稈中溫厭氧發(fā)酵產(chǎn)氣特性的影響。結(jié)果表明,浸泡溫度30℃、浸泡時(shí)間4 h、液固比15 mL/g條件下水稻秸稈持水力最佳。冷凍后解凍液中木糖質(zhì)量(Z3組:6.5 g,S2組:7.2 g)大幅增加,半纖維素轉(zhuǎn)化率(Z3組: 24.1%,S2組:26.6%)增幅顯著(p<0.05)。經(jīng)纖維素酶解后其水解液中葡萄糖質(zhì)量(Z3組: 13.5 g,S2組:14.5 g)大幅增加,纖維素轉(zhuǎn)化率(Z3組: 30.9%,S2組:33.2%)增幅顯著(p<0.05)。對(duì)預(yù)處理后的原料進(jìn)行厭氧發(fā)酵,累計(jì)產(chǎn)氣量最高543 mL,較CK提升73.5%(S4組),平均甲烷體積分?jǐn)?shù)最高提升160.4%(S2組),且隨著冷凍時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)(Z組48 h以上,S組24 h以上)厭氧發(fā)酵周期縮短(共19 d),產(chǎn)氣高峰提早到來(lái)且峰值較高。過(guò)酸化現(xiàn)象得到有效緩解,能夠更快地進(jìn)入到甲烷化階段。

水稻秸稈; 低溫凍融; 酶解; 厭氧發(fā)酵; 產(chǎn)氣特性

引言

生物質(zhì)沼氣化利用主要是指農(nóng)、林有機(jī)廢棄物在厭氧環(huán)境中利用微生物作用將生物質(zhì)能轉(zhuǎn)換成為沼氣的過(guò)程。生物質(zhì)主要由纖維素(40%~50 %)、半纖維素(20%~30%)及木質(zhì)素(5%~30%)組成[1],其化學(xué)性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定,難以降解,直接作為厭氧發(fā)酵原料產(chǎn)氣率低且厭氧發(fā)酵周期長(zhǎng)[2]。通常情況下,需要對(duì)這類原料進(jìn)行有效的預(yù)處理,目的在于打破纖維素的晶體結(jié)構(gòu),從而提高厭氧發(fā)酵的消化效率[3]。

目前,針對(duì)纖維素類秸稈常規(guī)的預(yù)處理方法包括物理法[4-5]、化學(xué)法[6-7]、生物法[8-9]。物理法通過(guò)機(jī)械外力破壞植物細(xì)胞壁和纖維素的晶體結(jié)構(gòu),使原料更易于微生物的侵入及分解。化學(xué)法利用化學(xué)試劑的腐蝕性和氧化性,水解纖維素原料,但同時(shí)也易造成二次污染及容器的腐蝕。生物法利用好氧微生物,分解纖維木質(zhì)素,與物理法和化學(xué)法相比較具有反應(yīng)溫和、能耗小,設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)單,低污染等諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn)[10]。

低溫凍融技術(shù)最早在細(xì)胞物質(zhì)的提取[11-12]、食品保鮮[13-14]及對(duì)寒冷地區(qū)隧道圍巖的凍脹破壞機(jī)制方面[15-16]有較為廣泛的應(yīng)用和研究。依據(jù)GB50176—93《民用建筑熱工設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》對(duì)氣候劃分,我國(guó)東北、華北地區(qū)天然冷資源豐富,其中東北地區(qū)最冷月平均溫度在-10℃以下,全年145 d日平均溫度5℃以下[17]。

本文利用我國(guó)寒冷地區(qū)豐富的天然冷資源,實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)模擬室外低溫環(huán)境,采用低溫凍融技術(shù)對(duì)水稻秸稈進(jìn)行凍融處理,利用低溫使秸稈表面空隙中游離水冷凍結(jié)冰體積膨脹,從而破壞秸稈晶體結(jié)構(gòu),增加后續(xù)酶解時(shí)酶的可及度,旨在厭氧發(fā)酵產(chǎn)沼氣時(shí)能夠更好地降解底物。

1 材料與方法

1.1 原料

水稻秸稈取自江蘇省淮陰區(qū)郊區(qū)農(nóng)田,自然風(fēng)干,粉磨機(jī)粉碎過(guò)篩(篩分粒度10目)。接種物取自實(shí)驗(yàn)室自行馴化的厭氧發(fā)酵污泥,pH值 7.1。原料理化性質(zhì)如表1所示。

表1 發(fā)酵原料及接種物理化特性Tab.1 Physicochemical properties of raw material and inoculum

1.2 低溫凍融及酶解處理

低溫凍融試驗(yàn)是在實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)模擬寒冷地區(qū)低溫環(huán)境。為證明低溫凍融對(duì)水稻秸稈內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的破壞作用及對(duì)纖維素酶解的影響,選取浸泡溫度、浸泡時(shí)間、液固比及冷凍溫度、冷凍時(shí)間作為試驗(yàn)因素,考察浸泡溫度(5、30、50、70℃)、浸泡時(shí)間(2、4、16 h)、液固比(1、5、15、20 mL/g)、冷凍溫度(-4℃、-20℃)、冷凍時(shí)間(12、24、48、72 h)及酶水解對(duì)水稻秸稈纖維素、半纖維素轉(zhuǎn)換率和水解液中還原糖含量的影響。對(duì)凍融稻稈進(jìn)行酶水解處理,纖維素酶液培養(yǎng)依據(jù)文獻(xiàn)[18]提供的方法進(jìn)行。里氏木霉孢子(T.reeseiRUT C30)培養(yǎng)自江蘇省生物質(zhì)能與酶重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,菌體濃度1×106CFU/mL。按照冷凍溫度不同,設(shè)置-4℃低溫凍融組(Z組,Z1~Z4分別表示冷凍時(shí)間12、24、48、72 h)和-20℃低溫凍融組(S組,S1~S4分別表示冷凍時(shí)間12、24、48、72 h),每組2次重復(fù),同時(shí)設(shè)置對(duì)照組CK(秸稈篩分粒度小于10目,不經(jīng)低溫凍融及酶處理)。

1.3 厭氧發(fā)酵試驗(yàn)

采用批式單相厭氧發(fā)酵工藝對(duì)預(yù)處理Z組、S組及CK進(jìn)行厭氧發(fā)酵產(chǎn)沼氣試驗(yàn),發(fā)酵罐為2 L密閉容器,恒溫水浴保溫(301)℃,每組發(fā)酵原料100 g,接種物質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)20%,料液質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)12%,初始pH值7.0~7.2。采用排水法收集產(chǎn)生氣體,隔天取樣測(cè)量發(fā)酵液pH值及揮發(fā)性脂肪酸(VFA)含量。

1.4 檢測(cè)方法

纖維素、半纖維素測(cè)量依據(jù)SOEST[19]的粗纖維測(cè)定法;還原性糖測(cè)定依據(jù)DNS法[20];氣體成分測(cè)定利用Geotech沼氣氣體分析儀(Biogas 5000型);總固體測(cè)定方法為(105±1)℃的干燥箱中干燥至質(zhì)量恒定;pH值測(cè)定利用pH計(jì)(PHS-3C型,上海精密科學(xué)儀器有限公司);揮發(fā)性脂肪酸(VFA)測(cè)定利用氣相色譜儀(GC-2014型, 日本島津)[21]??偺?TOC)測(cè)定利用總有機(jī)碳分析儀(日本島津);總氮(TN)測(cè)定依據(jù)凱氏定氮法;產(chǎn)氣量測(cè)定方法為排水法收集氣體,量筒測(cè)定其體積。

1.5 計(jì)算公式

圖1 浸泡條件對(duì)纖維素、半纖維素降解的影響Fig.1 Effect of soaking temperature, time and solid-liquid ratio on degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose

試驗(yàn)中水稻秸稈持水力及纖維素、半纖維素轉(zhuǎn)化率計(jì)算公式為[22-23]

(1)

(2)

式中H——持水力,%

mw——吸飽水稻稈質(zhì)量,g

md——初始稻稈質(zhì)量,g

Tcel conv.——纖維素轉(zhuǎn)化率,%

mglu——葡萄糖質(zhì)量,g

mcel——纖維素質(zhì)量,g

(3)

式中Thcel conv.——半纖維素轉(zhuǎn)化率,%

mxyl——木糖質(zhì)量,g

mhcel——半纖維素質(zhì)量,g

2 結(jié)果與討論

2.1 浸泡試驗(yàn)

由浸泡溫度和浸泡時(shí)間對(duì)水稻秸稈持水能力的影響可知,在一定范圍內(nèi)隨著浸泡溫度的升高和浸泡時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),水稻秸稈持水力有增大趨勢(shì),但增勢(shì)明顯減緩。浸泡溫度分別為50℃和70℃條件下,持水力僅由430%增至433%。浸泡時(shí)間由4 h延長(zhǎng)至16 h,持水力僅由423%增至428%。本試驗(yàn)使用的水稻秸稈含水率低,總固體質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為95%。采用低溫凍融的方式對(duì)水稻秸稈進(jìn)行處理的實(shí)質(zhì)是利用水分結(jié)冰膨脹從而破壞木質(zhì)纖維晶體結(jié)構(gòu)。秸稈作為木質(zhì)纖維素原料,其纖維素的游離羥基與水分子的結(jié)合僅發(fā)生在無(wú)定形區(qū)[24],通過(guò)延長(zhǎng)浸泡時(shí)間和適當(dāng)增加浸泡溫度的方式可使纖維素分子與水分子間以氫鍵方式結(jié)合,溶液吸入生物質(zhì)內(nèi)部,從而提高纖維素原料本身的吸水及持水能力[25]。

浸泡溫度、浸泡時(shí)間、液固比對(duì)稻稈原料纖維素轉(zhuǎn)化率和浸泡液中還原糖含量的影響如圖1所示??芍?,通過(guò)提高浸泡溫度、延長(zhǎng)浸泡時(shí)間等外部條件的改變,可以增加纖維素?zé)o定形區(qū)游離羥基對(duì)水溶液的吸附,提升秸稈原料本身吸水及持水能力,同時(shí)秸稈內(nèi)部因內(nèi)聚力減少而容積增大,纖維素結(jié)晶區(qū)內(nèi)發(fā)生潤(rùn)脹,破壞其晶體結(jié)構(gòu)。由圖1可知,隨著浸泡溫度及浸泡時(shí)間的增加,浸泡液中葡萄糖和木糖質(zhì)量都有所增加,半纖維素轉(zhuǎn)化率(3.0%~6.3%)明顯高于纖維素轉(zhuǎn)化率(0.2%~1.4%)。當(dāng)液固比為15 mL/g時(shí),半纖維素轉(zhuǎn)化率最高5.6%,纖維素轉(zhuǎn)化率最高0.9%。半纖維素具有親水性能,適當(dāng)?shù)卦黾咏輹r(shí)間及溫度,有利于造成細(xì)胞壁的潤(rùn)脹及纖維素和半纖維素的水解。綜合考慮能耗及效率產(chǎn)出選取浸泡時(shí)間4 h、浸泡溫度30℃、液固比15 mL/g作為水稻秸稈低溫凍融前的浸泡條件。

2.2 低溫凍融試驗(yàn)

對(duì)浸泡后的水稻秸稈進(jìn)行低溫凍融試驗(yàn),在實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)模擬寒冷地區(qū)低溫環(huán)境,分別選取-4℃和-20℃作為冷凍溫度,室溫(20℃)下自然解凍。考察不同冷凍時(shí)間對(duì)稻稈原料纖維素、半纖維素轉(zhuǎn)化率及解凍液中還原性糖含量的影響,如圖2所示。由圖2 可知,通過(guò)降低冷凍溫度可縮短冷凍時(shí)間。經(jīng)低溫凍融后,100 g秸稈原料解凍液中葡萄糖質(zhì)量(0.8~1.9 g)和木糖質(zhì)量(2.5~7.4 g)均明顯增加,半纖維素轉(zhuǎn)化率(9.3%~27.4%)高于纖維素轉(zhuǎn)化率(1.8%~4.3%)。由圖2可知,-4℃凍融條件下,稻稈原料半纖維素轉(zhuǎn)化率隨冷凍時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)呈遞增趨勢(shì),Z3組解凍液中木糖質(zhì)量達(dá)6.5 g,半纖維素轉(zhuǎn)化率為24.1%,距上一水平梯度(Z2組)環(huán)比增長(zhǎng)103.1%,增幅顯著(p<0.05)。由圖2可知,-20℃凍融條件下,S2組解凍液中木糖質(zhì)量達(dá)7.2 g,半纖維素轉(zhuǎn)化率26.6%, 環(huán)比增長(zhǎng)105.7%,增幅顯著(p<0.05)。隨著冷凍溫度的降低,更有利于短時(shí)間內(nèi)半纖維素的水解。通過(guò)有效的浸泡增加了木質(zhì)纖維素的微孔結(jié)構(gòu)中含水率,低溫結(jié)冰體積膨脹,膨脹一方面破壞了纖維素的晶體結(jié)構(gòu),另一方面破壞了纖維素、半纖維素及木質(zhì)素之間的氫鍵連接,使結(jié)構(gòu)變得松散,有利于下一步對(duì)木質(zhì)纖維素進(jìn)行降解。

圖2 冷凍時(shí)間對(duì)纖維素、半纖維素降解的影響Fig.2 Effect of freezing time on degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose

2.3 纖維素酶解試驗(yàn)

對(duì)解凍后的秸稈原料進(jìn)行纖維素酶液處理。酶解后的秸稈原料中纖維素、半纖維素轉(zhuǎn)化率及還原糖含量變化如圖3所示。由圖3可知,酶解后的原料水解液中葡萄糖質(zhì)量(7.2~14.5 g)大幅度提升,纖維素轉(zhuǎn)化率(16.5%~33.2%)高于半纖維素轉(zhuǎn)化率(1.5%~2.6%)。其中Z3組酶解液中葡萄糖質(zhì)量達(dá)13.5 g,纖維素轉(zhuǎn)化率為30.9%,距上一水平梯度(Z2組)環(huán)比增長(zhǎng)58.8%;S2組酶解液中葡萄糖質(zhì)量達(dá)14.5 g,纖維素轉(zhuǎn)化率達(dá)33.2%,環(huán)比增長(zhǎng)70.6%。通過(guò)低溫凍融處理改變秸稈結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài),增加了秸稈原料的孔隙體積和纖維素內(nèi)部可及面的區(qū)域,將酶解過(guò)程與低溫凍融處理相結(jié)合,促進(jìn)了酶與生物質(zhì)的接觸,經(jīng)過(guò)低溫凍融處理后酶解的作用空間進(jìn)一步加大,從而提高了纖維素的轉(zhuǎn)化率[26-27]。

圖3 纖維素酶水解對(duì)纖維素、半纖維素降解的影響Fig.3 Effect of enzymatic hydrolysis on degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose

2.4 厭氧發(fā)酵試驗(yàn)

預(yù)處理的目的是將水稻秸稈中纖維素和半纖維素分解為含六碳糖和五碳糖的混合溶液。當(dāng)這些溶解性糖類作為主要基質(zhì)進(jìn)行厭氧發(fā)酵反應(yīng)時(shí),因糖類有機(jī)物代謝速度快,產(chǎn)酸過(guò)程迅速,從而使得產(chǎn)甲烷階段成為厭氧發(fā)酵反應(yīng)的限速步驟。

2.4.1水稻秸稈厭氧發(fā)酵產(chǎn)氣特性

對(duì)完成預(yù)處理的水稻秸稈原料進(jìn)行厭氧發(fā)酵產(chǎn)沼氣試驗(yàn),沼氣產(chǎn)量和甲烷體積分?jǐn)?shù)是衡量其生物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化效率的主要指標(biāo),其產(chǎn)氣特性如圖4所示。由圖4可知,經(jīng)低溫凍融與酶解相結(jié)合處理后的稻稈原料,其產(chǎn)氣能力較對(duì)照(CK)組明顯提升,最高累計(jì)產(chǎn)氣量543 mL(S4組)較CK組增加73.5%,且產(chǎn)氣高峰期明顯提前,Z3、Z4、S2、S3、S4組沼氣產(chǎn)量在第5天達(dá)到峰值(峰值范圍100~118 mL/d),發(fā)酵周期共19 d,Z1、 Z2、 S1組產(chǎn)氣高峰出現(xiàn)在第7 天(峰值范圍80~93 mL/d),發(fā)酵周期共23 d。隨著冷凍時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)(Z組48 h以上,S組24 h以上)厭氧發(fā)酵周期縮短17.4%,產(chǎn)氣高峰提前2 d,且峰值范圍高于其他組20.0%~21.2%。

圖4 預(yù)處理水稻秸稈厭氧發(fā)酵產(chǎn)氣特性Fig.4 Biogas volumes and methane contents in percentage during anaerobic digestion of pretreatment rice straw

由圖4可知,除CK組外,其余組甲烷體積分?jǐn)?shù)快速增加,5 d后均穩(wěn)定在40%以上,進(jìn)入正常產(chǎn)甲烷階段。該階段各試驗(yàn)組甲烷體積分?jǐn)?shù)與預(yù)處理階段水解液中葡萄糖質(zhì)量呈正相關(guān),葡萄糖易被厭氧微生物分解利用,發(fā)酵液中葡萄糖質(zhì)量的增加,可滿足厭氧發(fā)酵初期厭氧微生物快速繁殖對(duì)易分解有機(jī)物的需要,提高厭氧微生物活性,短時(shí)間內(nèi)使系統(tǒng)內(nèi)厭氧微生物種群數(shù)量達(dá)到較高水平,從而促進(jìn)秸稈的分解轉(zhuǎn)化。試驗(yàn)結(jié)束時(shí),平均甲烷體積分?jǐn)?shù)Z1~Z4組(42.7%~49.2%),S1~S4組(44.1%~51.3%),較CK組(19.7%)最高增加160.4%(S2組)。研究表明低溫凍融及酶解相結(jié)合的預(yù)處理方法對(duì)水稻秸稈厭氧發(fā)酵沼氣中甲烷體積分?jǐn)?shù)的提高有顯著的促進(jìn)作用。

2.4.2水稻秸稈厭氧發(fā)酵料液特性

目前,以富含纖維素的秸稈作為制取沼氣的原料已成為農(nóng)村地區(qū)獲取能源的熱點(diǎn),其中纖維素原料水解緩慢造成厭氧發(fā)酵周期過(guò)長(zhǎng),原料周轉(zhuǎn)率低。通過(guò)低溫凍融和酶解相結(jié)合的預(yù)處理方式,使得秸稈原料水解酸化速率加快,能夠快速進(jìn)入產(chǎn)甲烷階段,甲烷菌能否適應(yīng)環(huán)境大量繁殖,充分利用水解酸化產(chǎn)物產(chǎn)甲烷成為厭氧反應(yīng)的限速步驟。厭氧發(fā)酵過(guò)程中發(fā)酵液中總揮發(fā)性脂肪酸(VFA)及pH值變化情況如圖5所示。由圖5(柱狀圖,總揮發(fā)性脂肪酸質(zhì)量濃度;曲線圖,pH值變化趨勢(shì))可知,經(jīng)預(yù)處理后的料液其水解酸化進(jìn)程較CK組明顯加快,第3天pH值即降至最低(6.2~6.6),VFA積累達(dá)到峰值(5 320~7 400 mg/L),發(fā)酵液中以丁酸、乙酸代謝為主。隨后的幾天,在產(chǎn)氫、產(chǎn)乙酸菌作用下丁酸被轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橛欣诩淄榫L(zhǎng)代謝的乙酸,此階段甲烷菌快速繁殖,大量有機(jī)酸被分解利用,VFA含量逐漸下降,直至產(chǎn)氣結(jié)束,pH值恢復(fù)中性水平。說(shuō)明厭氧發(fā)酵啟動(dòng)后不久,產(chǎn)甲烷菌活性即開(kāi)始逐漸增強(qiáng),生長(zhǎng)繁殖及代謝能力加快,進(jìn)入產(chǎn)甲烷階段,沼氣產(chǎn)量及甲烷體積分?jǐn)?shù)開(kāi)始增加,VFA變化趨勢(shì)與圖4描述產(chǎn)沼特性相一致。而CK啟動(dòng)后第7天才進(jìn)入酸化階段,第11天pH值一度降至5.5,期間VFA不斷積累但消耗很慢,酸化嚴(yán)重,說(shuō)明甲烷菌一直處于生長(zhǎng)受抑制狀態(tài),直至厭氧發(fā)酵結(jié)束料液pH值仍處于6.7左右。經(jīng)低溫凍融及酶解相結(jié)合預(yù)處理后的水稻秸稈厭氧發(fā)酵能夠快速進(jìn)入產(chǎn)甲烷階段,且保持pH值有較小的波動(dòng),使水解酸化階段快速順利進(jìn)行。

圖5 預(yù)處理水稻秸稈厭氧發(fā)酵料液特性Fig.5 Properties of pretreatment rice straw obtained during anaerobic digestion

3 結(jié)論

(1)水稻秸稈在30℃水溫下浸泡4 h,液固比15 mL/g條件下具有較高持水力。冷凍溫度越低,獲得一定濃度解凍液中的木糖所需時(shí)間越短。-4℃、48 h (Z3組)和-20℃、24 h (S2組),解凍液中木糖質(zhì)量大幅增加(Z3組:6.5 g,S2組:7.2 g),半纖維素轉(zhuǎn)化率為24.1%(Z3組)、26.6%(S2組),環(huán)比增長(zhǎng)103.1%(Z3組)、105.7%(S2組)。

(2)對(duì)解凍后的水稻秸稈原料進(jìn)行纖維素酶液處理,水解液中葡萄糖質(zhì)量大幅增加(Z3組:13.5 g,S2組:14.5 g),纖維素轉(zhuǎn)化率30.9%(Z3組)、33.2%(S2組),環(huán)比增長(zhǎng)58.8%(Z3組)、70.6%(S2組)。

(3)隨著冷凍時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)(Z組48 h以上,S組24 h以上),厭氧發(fā)酵周期縮短17.4%,產(chǎn)氣高峰提前2 d,且峰值范圍高于其他組20.0%~21.2%。

(4)預(yù)處理后的發(fā)酵料液水解酸化進(jìn)程加快,過(guò)酸化現(xiàn)象得到有效緩解,能夠更快地進(jìn)入到甲烷化階段,產(chǎn)沼能力最高提升73.5%(S4組),平均甲烷體積分?jǐn)?shù)最高提升160.4%(S2組)。

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EffectofFreeze-thawandEnzymaticPretreatmentofRiceStrawonBiogasProductionbyAnaerobicDigestion

DENG Yuanfang1,2QIU Ling1,3WANG Yajun1,3DAI Benlin2,4XU Jiming2,4

(1.CollegeofMechanicalandElectronicEngineering,NorthwestA&FUniversity,Yangling,Shaanxi712100,China2.JiangsuKeyLaboratoryforBiomass-basedEnergyandEnzymeTechnology,HuaiyinNormalUniversity,Huaian223300,China3.WesternScientificObservingandExperimentalStationforDevelopmentandUtilizationofRualRenewableEnergy,MinistryofAgriculture,NorthwestA&FUniversity,Yangling,Shaanxi712100,China4.JiangsuCollaborativeInnovationCenterofRegionalModernAgricultureandEnvironmentalProtection,HuaiyinNormalUniversity,Huaian223300,China)

In order to use of the outdoor cold climate resources as the low-temperature reaction condition, the objective of this research was to investigate the effect of freeze-thaw treatment (Z groups: -4℃, S groups: -20℃) on the efficiency of hemicellulose degradation and enzymatic hydrolysis pretreatment of rice straw to improve its biodegradability and anaerobic biogas production.A new low temperature freeze-thaw pretreatment development pathway was created for the pre-processing research and development.The results showed that water holding capacity was optimal when soaking temperature was 30℃, time was 4 h, and liquid-solid ratio was 15 mL/g.Under low temperature freeze-thaw condition, the contents of xylose in the liquid hydrolysates were increased (Z3: 6.5 g, S2: 7.2 g), hemicellulose conversion rate reached 24.1% (Z3) and 26.6% (S2), which were improved significantly(p<0.05).Glucose yield were increased (Z3: 13.5 g,S2:14.5 g) after enzymatic hydrolysis, cellulose conversion rate reached 30.9% (Z3) and 33.2% (S2), which were improved significantly (p<0.05).These treatments conditions resulted in the highest total biogas yield (543 mL, S4), compared with the CK, the total biogas yield from S4 was improved by 73.5%.The highest average methane concentrations level was 51.3% (S2), compared with CK, it was improved by 160.4%(S2).Extension of time for freeze was apt to shorten the anaerobic fermentation period in the next anaerobic digestion.The digestion time for pretreatment rice straw (Z groups freeze-thaw treatment time was above 48 h,S groups freeze-thaw treatment time was above 24 h) was calculated as 19 d, and the peak values of gas production came earlier than those of other groups.The significant reduction in digestion time indicated that the straw had become more accessible and more readily biodegradable after biological pretreatment.Freeze-thaw and enzymatic pretreatment could be an effective method for improving biodegradability and enhancing the highly efficient biological conversion of rice straw into bioenergy.

rice straw; low-temperature freeze-thaw; enzymatic hydrolysis; anaerobic digestion; biogas

10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.10.032

X712

A

1000-1298(2017)10-0260-06

2016-10-24

2016-11-23

國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51576167)和淮安市重點(diǎn)研發(fā)(社會(huì)發(fā)展)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(HAS201601、HAS201601-3、HAS201601-4)

鄧媛方(1985—),女,博士生,淮陰師范學(xué)院講師,主要從事生物質(zhì)能源方面的研究,E-mail: dengyf@hytc.edu.cn

邱凌(1957—),男,教授,博士生導(dǎo)師,主要從事生物能源與生態(tài)環(huán)境方面的研究,E-mail: ql2871@126.com

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法國(guó)梧桐落葉、香樟青葉與豬糞混合厭氧發(fā)酵特性的探究
不同添加劑對(duì)豬糞厭氧發(fā)酵的影響
三種回生抗性淀粉對(duì)米淀粉的凍融與流變性質(zhì)的影響
橋梁混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)凍融耐久性無(wú)損檢測(cè)評(píng)定
間苯三酚在凍融胚胎移植中的應(yīng)用
太陽(yáng)能-地能熱泵耦合系統(tǒng)在沼氣工程厭氧發(fā)酵增溫中的設(shè)計(jì)與應(yīng)用
凍融處理對(duì)甘薯變溫壓差膨化干燥動(dòng)力學(xué)的影響
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