彭莉
【摘要】 目的:探討骨髓增生異常綜合征(Myelodysplastic syndrome,MDS)患者血清中β2-MG和LDH水平在疾病的診斷、分型及患者預(yù)后中的應(yīng)用。方法:選擇2015年1月-2016年12月本院血液科收治的MDS患者75例作為觀察組,同時(shí)選取本院體檢科健康體檢者75例作為對(duì)照組。將觀察組患者按照WHO分型,利用速率法和化學(xué)免疫發(fā)光法分別測(cè)定兩組β2-MG和LDH含量,比較觀察組及對(duì)照組不同分型患者血清中β2-MG和LDH含量變化及關(guān)系。結(jié)果:觀察組中年齡≥60歲的中位生存期明顯低于<60歲的患者(P<0.05)。與對(duì)照組相比,MDS患者血清中β2-MG和LDH的水平均顯著提高,比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),其中RAEB-1和RAEB-2組水平最高,但RCUD組和RARS組患者β2-MG水平與對(duì)照組比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。隨著IPSS評(píng)分升高,MDS患者血清中的β2-MG和LDH水平逐漸升高。結(jié)論:MDS患者血清中β2-MG、LDH含量與疾病分型及IPSS評(píng)分有重要的相關(guān)性,在MDS的分型、診斷及治療后評(píng)估中有重要的應(yīng)用價(jià)值,值得廣泛推廣應(yīng)用。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 β2-MG; LDH; 骨髓增生異常綜合征; 血清; 預(yù)后; 臨床價(jià)值;
【Abstract】 Objective:To investigate the application of serum β2-MG and LDH levels in the diagnosis,classification and prognosis in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes.Method:75 cases of MDS were treated in department of hematology of our hospital from January 2015 to December 2016 were selected as the observation group,and 75 cases of healthy physical examination in our hospital were selected as the control group.According to the WHO,the patients of MDS were typed,the contents of beta 2-MG and LDH levels in two groups were determined by chemiluminescence method and immunohistochemical immunoassay,the changes of serum β2-MG and LDH levels in patients with different types of the observation group and the control group were compared.Result:The median survival of the observation group over 60 years old was significantly lower than that of the patients under 60 gears old(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the serum levels of β2-MG and LDH in patients with MDS were significantly increased,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The levels of RAEB-1 and RAEB-2 were highest in all subtypes of MDS,but the levels of β2-MG in the RCUD and RARS groups compared with the control group,the difference were not statistically significant(P>0.05).As the IPSS score rises,the serum β2-MG and LDH levels in the patients with MDS were increased.Conclusion:The levels of serum β2-MG and LDH in patients with MDS has important correlation with disease classification and IPSS score,they have important value in the classification,diagnosis and treatment evaluation of MDS,and deserve to be widely applied.
【Key words】 β2-MG; LDH; Myelodysplastic syndromes; Serum; Prognosis; Clinical value
First-authors address:Xiangya Pingkuang Cooperation Hospital,Pingxiang 337000,China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2017.28.009
骨髓增生異常綜合征(Myelodysplastic syndrome,MDS)是一種造血干細(xì)胞高度異質(zhì)性克隆的疾病,所有年齡、性別均可能發(fā)病,但男性發(fā)病率高于女性,且60歲以上的患者占總?cè)藬?shù)的80%[1]。MDS的發(fā)病機(jī)制尚不明確,且有很高的幾率發(fā)展為急性白血病[2-3]。近年來,MDS的檢測(cè)指標(biāo)一直是研究熱點(diǎn)中的熱點(diǎn)。研究顯示,β2-MG和LDH可能與實(shí)體瘤或血液系統(tǒng)腫瘤有密切聯(lián)系[2]。本研究通過檢測(cè)MDS患者血清中β2-MG和LDH含量的變化,判斷腫瘤負(fù)荷與MDS的診斷及疾病發(fā)展的相關(guān)性,為臨床提供治療依據(jù),取得了較好效果?,F(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。endprint
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料 隨機(jī)選取2015年1月-2016年12月本院血液科收治的MDS患者75例作為觀察組,同時(shí)選取本院體檢科健康體檢者75例作為對(duì)照組。觀察組男39例,女36例;年齡33~72歲,平均52.34歲;依據(jù)WHO的分型標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行分型[4],難治性血細(xì)胞減少伴單系發(fā)育異常(RCUD)17例,伴多系病態(tài)造血的難治性血細(xì)胞減少癥(RCMD)12例,難治性貧血伴環(huán)狀鐵粒幼紅細(xì)胞(RARS)9例,難治性貧血伴原始細(xì)胞增多癥-1(RAEB-1)17例,難治性貧血伴原始細(xì)胞增多癥-2(RAEB-2)20例;依據(jù)MDS IPSS進(jìn)行危險(xiǎn)程度分組:低危組17例,中危-Ⅰ組19例,中危-Ⅱ組27例,高危組12例。對(duì)照組中男40例,女35例;年齡32~71歲,平均51.23歲。兩組患者一般資料比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):血細(xì)胞減少持續(xù)6個(gè)月以上;典型的染色體異常;原始細(xì)胞達(dá)5%~19%;患者均簽署知情同意書。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):嚴(yán)重感染性疾病的患者;嚴(yán)重肝腎功能不全者;精神不正常者;免疫力低下及長(zhǎng)期使用免疫抑制劑的患者;其他惡性腫瘤及血液疾病的患者。
1.3 方法 兩組患者均在清晨空腹抽取外周靜脈血4 mL,采血后立即進(jìn)行離心操作,轉(zhuǎn)速3800 r/min,離心時(shí)間8 min,β2-MG采用速率散射比濁法進(jìn)行檢測(cè),試劑購(gòu)自北京九強(qiáng)公司,儀器為Acroset。LDH采用改良方法進(jìn)行檢測(cè),試劑購(gòu)自?shī)W林巴斯公司,儀器為日立全自動(dòng)生化儀[5],所有檢測(cè)均在4 h內(nèi)完成。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 20.0軟件對(duì)所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,比較采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料采用率(%)形式,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 觀察組患者年齡對(duì)中位生存期影響比較 觀察組年齡≥60歲的中位生存期明顯低于<60歲患者,比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表1。
2.2 兩組不同亞型血清中β2-MG和LDH水平情況比較 觀察組患者血清中β2-MG和LDH的水平均顯著高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);RAEB-1、RAEB-2組β2-MG和LDH水平均較高(P<0.05),RCUD、RARS組β2-MG水平與對(duì)照組比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表2。
2.3 IPSS危險(xiǎn)度分組血清中β2-MG和LDH水平情況 依據(jù)MDS患者血清中的β2-MG和LDH水平將IPSS分組中各組分為低水平組和高水平組。結(jié)果顯示:隨著IPSS評(píng)分升高,MDS患者血清中β2-MG和LDH的水平逐漸升高,見表3。
3 討論
骨髓增生異常綜合征(Myelodysplastic syndrome,MDS)有較高的轉(zhuǎn)化為急性白血病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),在60歲以上的老人身上發(fā)病率較高[6-7]。MDS的臨床表現(xiàn)也多種多樣,并且其預(yù)后與多種因素有關(guān)[8]。近年來,血清中的β2-MG和LDH水平在MDS的診斷及預(yù)后中成為醫(yī)學(xué)工作者研究的熱點(diǎn)。β2-MG是一種分子量為11800的小分子球蛋白,主要由淋巴細(xì)胞和多形核白細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生,其結(jié)構(gòu)與免疫球蛋白穩(wěn)定區(qū)的結(jié)構(gòu)相似[9-10],主要存在血漿及尿液中,正常人的β2-MG的合成率以及釋放量是恒定的,從腎小球自由濾過,幾乎百分之百在近端腎小管被吸收,因此在正常情況下,β2-MG的排出量是很微量的。而在腫瘤患者體內(nèi),β2-MG廣泛分布在腫瘤細(xì)胞的表面,其含量明顯升高[11]。LDH主要參與機(jī)體中的糖代謝反應(yīng),是催化反應(yīng)的重要酶,也是臨床上酶學(xué)上主要檢測(cè)指標(biāo)。存在于幾乎所有動(dòng)物組織,但在肝臟中含量最高,在腫瘤患者及血液系統(tǒng)疾病患者細(xì)胞中也能檢測(cè)到[12-13],一般LDH升高的癥狀多出現(xiàn)在各種組織器官疾病以及腫瘤當(dāng)中。有研究認(rèn)為,MDS患者血清中LDH升高,是因?yàn)榻M織發(fā)生癌變,腫瘤基因調(diào)控失常,導(dǎo)致LDH合成量上升,又通過細(xì)胞損傷釋放到血液中,導(dǎo)致血清中LDH含量升高[14]。MDS診斷多為骨髓穿刺和骨髓活檢,并輔助染色體核型檢測(cè)和流式細(xì)胞術(shù)等檢測(cè)方法[15]。根據(jù)MDS患者骨髓原始細(xì)胞比例、外周血細(xì)胞減少及染色體等3項(xiàng)指標(biāo),建立了臨床上廣泛應(yīng)用的IPSS評(píng)分系統(tǒng)。而其治療多是由危險(xiǎn)度分層、骨髓原始細(xì)胞比例和近期的細(xì)胞及移植需要等方面決定,不同危險(xiǎn)程度的患者治療目標(biāo)也不相同。低危險(xiǎn)組的MDS患者,主要是降低轉(zhuǎn)化為急性白血病的幾率,提高患者的生存率。而對(duì)于高危險(xiǎn)組的MDS患者而言,主要目標(biāo)為延長(zhǎng)患者生存期[16-17]。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),觀察組中年齡≥60歲的中位生存期明顯低于<60歲的患者(P<0.05)。這也充分體現(xiàn)了MDS的發(fā)病特征,可能與患者的身體狀況及治療情況有關(guān),與文獻(xiàn)[18]研究結(jié)果中287例MDS患者,≥60歲78例,<60歲209例,60歲以上患者的中位生存期低于60歲以下患者一致。本研究結(jié)果顯示,與對(duì)照組相比,觀察組患者血清中β2-MG和LDH的水平均顯著提高,比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),其中RAEB-1、RAEB-2組水平最高,但RCUD組和RARS組患者β2-MG水平與對(duì)照組比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。說明β2-MG在一定程度上反映MDS患者的預(yù)后情況,這與文獻(xiàn)[19]研究結(jié)果中β2-MG能夠反映腫瘤的分化程度,且β2-MG≥2 μg/L的患者的預(yù)后效果較差一致。本研究結(jié)果顯示,隨著IPSS評(píng)分升高,MDS患者血清中的β2-MG和LDH水平逐漸升高。有研究顯示,中高危的MDS患者血清中LDH水平明顯增高,且LDH水平與患者生存期呈反比[20]。這說明:LDH與腫瘤負(fù)荷有密切的相關(guān)性,可以作為代表MDS負(fù)荷的重要指標(biāo),臨床上動(dòng)態(tài)觀察LDH的含量變化,有助于判斷MDS患者的療效。
MDS發(fā)生過程中患者血清中β2-MG和LDH含量有很大變化,且其含量均和疾病分型及IPSS評(píng)分有重要的相關(guān)性,監(jiān)測(cè)其含量對(duì)MDS的分型、診斷及治療后評(píng)估中有重要的應(yīng)用價(jià)值,值得廣泛推廣應(yīng)用。endprint
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