by 璇璣
THE PYRAMIDS AND MUMMIES 金字塔和木乃伊
by 璇璣
本篇適合:
閱讀、挑戰(zhàn)
作為當(dāng)代世界七大奇跡之一,埃及金字塔是古埃及文明最有影響力和最持久的象征之一。金字塔以及其中的木乃伊無疑是古埃及人民智慧與心血的結(jié)晶。巍峨的金字塔是誰建造的呢?木乃伊又是怎么制作的呢?讓我們一起來了解一下神秘的金字塔和木乃伊吧。
Who built the pyramids?
Theancient Egyptiansbuilt the pyramids astombsfor their kings, thepharaohs, and other very important people. The biggest is the Great Pyramid at Giza. It was 164.5m high when it was built. It is taller than theStatue of Libertyis today.
Why did pharaohs need pyramids?
No one knows the answer, but we do know that the Egyptians thought that the dead people travelled to another world, theafterlife. They believed the pyramids could help them reachheaven.
How were mummies made?
First, thebrain,lungs,heart,stomach,intestinesandliverwere taken from the body. Then the body was washed and left todryout for 40 days. Next, it was time torubdown the body in specialoils.Finally, the body was carefullywrappedinbandagesand put in acoffin.
True or False:
Mummies do not have brains.
True: The brain wasthrown away. The heart was put back in the body.
Only people were mummified.
False: Some animals like cats andcrocodileswere also mummified.
Egyptians worewigs.
True: Pharaohs and rich people wore wigs.
中文大意請(qǐng)見第48頁。
Word Power
pyramid['p?r?m?d] n. 金字塔(復(fù)數(shù):pyramids)
mummy['m?m?] n. 木乃伊,指長(zhǎng)久保存的古埃及人尸體,這些尸體能保存數(shù)千年是因?yàn)樗鼈兘?jīng)過了特別的處理。(復(fù)數(shù):mummies,動(dòng)詞:mummify,過去分詞:mummified)
ancient['e?n??nt] adj. 古代的
Egyptian[?'d??p?(?)n] n. 埃及人(復(fù)數(shù):Egyptians)
tomb[tu?m] n. 陵墓(復(fù)數(shù):tombs)
pharaoh['fe?r??] n. 法老(復(fù)數(shù):pharaohs)
Statue of Liberty['st?tju? ?v 'l?b?t?] 自由女神像
afterlife['ɑ?ft?la?f] n. 來世,來生
heaven['hev?n] n. 天堂
brain[bre?n] n. 大腦
lung[l??] n. 肺(復(fù)數(shù):lungs)
heart[hɑ?t] n. 心臟
stomach['st?m?k] n. 胃
intestine[?n'test?n] n. 腸(復(fù)數(shù):intestines)
liver['l?v?] n. 肝臟
dry[dra?] v. 使……變干
rub[r?b] v. 擦
oil[??l] n. 油(復(fù)數(shù):oils)
finally['fa?n?l?] adv. 最后
wrap[r?p] v. 包(過去分詞:wrapped)
bandage['b?nd?d?] n. 繃帶(復(fù)數(shù):bandages)
coffin['k?f?n] n. 棺材
throw away[θr?? ?'we?] 扔掉(過去分詞:thrown away)
crocodile['kr?k?da?l] n. 鱷魚(復(fù)數(shù):crocodiles)
wig[w?g] n. 假發(fā)(復(fù)數(shù):wigs)
Know More
Abu Simbel Temple 阿布辛貝神廟
阿布辛貝神廟絕非一塊塊巨石的堆砌物,而是在尼羅河西岸粉紅色砂巖懸崖的山體上,用人工劈鑿出的宏偉建筑。
The Great Pyramids 大金字塔
開羅西南十公里處的吉薩區(qū)(Giza)有三座很大的金字塔,分別是胡夫金字塔、哈夫拉金字塔和孟考拉金字塔,一般統(tǒng)稱為大金字塔(The Great Pyramids)。
Tutankhamen’s Golden Mask 圖坦卡蒙的黃金面具
圖坦卡蒙的木乃伊被發(fā)掘出來的時(shí)候,頭部罩著一個(gè)黃金面具,這使他成為當(dāng)代所知最著名的埃及法老。面具前額部分飾有鷹神和眼鏡蛇神,象征上、下埃及(上埃及以神鷹為保護(hù)神,下埃及以蛇神為保護(hù)神);下面垂著胡須,象征冥神奧西里斯。該面具是世界上最精美的藝術(shù)珍品之一。
Sphinx 獅身人面像
是埃及著名古跡,與金字塔同為古埃及文明最有代表性的遺跡。此像頭戴“奈姆斯”皇冠,額上刻著“庫(kù)伯拉”(即cobra:眼鏡蛇)圣蛇浮雕,下頜有帝王的標(biāo)志——下垂的長(zhǎng)須,僅耳朵就有兩米多長(zhǎng)。
Karnak Temple 卡納克神廟
卡納克神廟是古埃及帝國(guó)遺留的一座壯觀的神廟,廟內(nèi)有一著名的方尖碑(obelisk),是世界上第一位女王、古埃及唯一的女法老哈特謝普蘇特女王所立,是當(dāng)時(shí)最高的方尖碑,也是現(xiàn)在埃及境內(nèi)最高的方尖碑。
Luxor Temple 盧克索神廟
位于埃及中南部城市,埃及人常說:“沒有到過盧克索,就不算到過埃及?!?/p>
Valley of the Kings 國(guó)王谷
國(guó)王谷位于在與盧克索城相對(duì)的尼羅河西岸的一條山谷中,是許多國(guó)王和王室成員的陵墓,這里埋葬著第17王朝到第20王朝期間的64位法老。