【摘要】在英語學習中,接觸和了解英語國家文化有益于學習者對英語的理解和使用,英語教學應凸顯文化性。教師可以創(chuàng)設真實場景,引發(fā)思維開放;鏈接學習場景,促進思維發(fā)散;開發(fā)場景資源,激活思維生成。
【關鍵詞】創(chuàng)設真實場景;鏈接學習場景;開發(fā)場景資源
【中圖分類號】G623.31 【文獻標志碼】A 【文章編號】1005-6009(2017)49-0014-02
【作者簡介】陳冰,南京市三牌樓小學(南京,210003)教師,高級教師,南京市英語學科帶頭人。
語言有豐富的文化內涵。在英語學習中,接觸和了解英語國家文化有益于學生對英語的理解和使用,有益于其加深對中國文化的認識與熱愛,有益于接受屬于全人類的先進文化的熏陶,有益于世界意識的培養(yǎng)。那么,如何在英語教學中凸顯文化性呢?
一、創(chuàng)設真實場景,引發(fā)思維開放
所謂思維的開放,是指突破思維定式和狹隘眼界,多視角、全方位地看事物。教學中,我們可以在有意義的場景下呈現(xiàn)新的學習內容,建立新舊知識的聯(lián)系,同時用開放性的問題,引導學生發(fā)散思維,打開思路。
例如,譯林版《牛津小學英語》5B Unit 1 A new term Part A的教學片段:
T: Su Hai and Su Yang have eight subjects this term. What about you? What subjects do you have?
T(出示本班課程表):Look, this is our timetable. How many English lessons do you have in a week?How many Maths lessons do you have in a week?
T: Lisa is an English girl. She is a student of Grade Two in a primary school . Lets look at her timetable. Discuss her timetable.
教師提供了一個英國小學二年級學生的課程表,并介紹英國小學的基本情況。學生對此感到很新奇,在小組討論中,他們積極參與,樂于表達。在這個過程中,教師滲透了英語國家的文化,創(chuàng)造機會讓學生在創(chuàng)設的場景中感受異國文化,培養(yǎng)學生的跨文化意識。
二、鏈接學習場景,促進思維發(fā)散
發(fā)散性思維是創(chuàng)造性的重要保證。教學時,教師要引導學生抓住問題的實質,借助發(fā)散性思維,尋找解決問題的突破口,并提高學生思維的應變性和靈活性,最終解決問題。
例如:譯林新版《英語》六上 Unit 4 Holiday fun的教學
Step 1 Free talk
T: First, lets sing a song——Month Song.
T: There are many pictures about holidays in the song. Today we are going to learn how to make a newspaper on holidays. What holiday do you know ?
學生談論節(jié)日以及相關習俗,教師進行補充說明,提與節(jié)日相關的問題,并收集學生準備好的圖片和文字,為后面制作報紙做準備。
Step 2 Introduce Thanksgiving.
T: Do you want to know more about Thanksgiving?
Heres a short video.(播放視頻)
T:Now, can you say something about Thanksgiving?
S: People usually eat turkeys , pumpkin pies and apple pies .They usually watch the Thanksgiving parades and football games.
Step 3 Make a newspaper
T:OK, Thanksgiving is very important in USA, just like Mid-Autumn Festival in China.People usually have a big dinner with their families and friends . I want to make a newspaper about Thanksgiving. Who can come and help me?(請3個學生上來一起做報紙)
T:First ,take a piece of paper . Then write down the name of the holiday. Next, paste some pictures and short passages about the holiday. At last. decorate it. It makes it beautiful. (邊講邊貼, 詢問學生的意見,為其他學生示范)
T:OK, this is my newspaper. Would you like to make a newspaper like this ?
T:Lets choose a holiday. Look, here are six Easter Bunnies, everyone has an Easter Egg. There is a puzzle about holiday in it. You can choose one. Which one would you like ?endprint
Ghos(Halloween) Santa Claus (Christmas) Eggs(Easter) Rice dumplings(Dragon Boat Festival)Turkey(Thanksgiving) Dumplings(Spring Festival)
T:Now, discuss with your group members about this holiday and make a newspaper like this.
學生6人一組做海報,教師現(xiàn)場指導,交流。
小組討論后把所有組的海報貼在黑板上,讓每一組上臺介紹自己的報紙。
T: Thanksgiving is a day for giving thanks.
T:Lets give thanks.I want to be the first one. Id like to give thanks to my job, so I can be here with you , my lovely students . And Id like to give thanks to my parents...Now,who wants to try ?
Step 4 Assign homework
本節(jié)課體現(xiàn)了如何在英語課堂上落實“文化意識”的目標。教師引導學生熟悉中外的節(jié)日,在此基礎上制作“節(jié)日報紙”,使學生有意識地歸納整理所學知識,培養(yǎng)學生獲取、整合信息的能力并擴大他們的文化視野。在制作報紙這個真實的場景中,學生發(fā)散思維,互相交流,增進了對中外文化的了解。
三、開發(fā)場景資源,激活思維生成
對話能夠促進生成,學生在同他人的對話中,會發(fā)現(xiàn)同自己完全不同的見解,而這往往會促成新的創(chuàng)造,此時,學生不再只是知識的接受者,更是主動的建構者。
以譯林新版《英語》六上 Unit 5 Signs(Checkout time)為例:
T: Look at this girl. Shes Eape. Lets know more about her.(觀看卡通,了解人物的生存環(huán)境,為之后的環(huán)節(jié)做鋪墊與過渡)
T: After the earthquake, they come to a modern city! They have troubles in the city. Lets have a look.
T: Whats wrong with them? Lets discuss. Think for a while, and check the answer.
S: They ...
T: So they should learn more about signs. Today lets help them know some public signs. Use “mean” to ask and answer questions. And know how to use signs. Lets help them, Ok?
T: Here is a sign(見圖1). I can see a kangaroo, what can you see?What does this sign mean?
S: ...
T: Look, we learnt this sign(見圖2), but where can we put it?
S: ...
T: So, signs should be...?
S: ...
T: Share your ideas. Clear, meaningful and helpful.
T: Eape designs a sign here(見圖3). What does this sign mean? Where can we put it?
S:This is “No cutting down trees”. It means we shouldnt cut down trees here. I can put it in the forest. Please be good to our forest!
T: Now, lets design your signs!
本節(jié)課是關于公共標志的復習課,教師以穿越了的瘋狂原始人Eape為主線,建構了真實、高效的學習場景,引導學生了解生活中常見的標志,并學習國外的標志,同時將語言知識置于不同的場景中,讓學生消化吸收,內化為自己的知識。endprint