王庭釗
[摘要] 目的 比較腹腔鏡下開(kāi)窗取胚術(shù)與藥物保守治療用于輸卵管妊娠的臨床效果及對(duì)再通和妊娠率的影響。方法 方便選取該院于2015年6月—2016年5月期間收治的112例輸卵管妊娠患者,隨機(jī)分為觀察組和對(duì)照組,各56例。觀察組采取腹腔鏡輸卵管開(kāi)窗術(shù)治療,對(duì)照組采取甲氨蝶呤肌注。比較兩組臨床表現(xiàn)。結(jié)果 ①觀察組患者平均β-HCG恢復(fù)時(shí)間為(10.1±4.7)d、包塊消失時(shí)間為(6.4±4.9)d,均明顯短于對(duì)照組;住院時(shí)間以及月經(jīng)恢復(fù)時(shí)間也明顯短于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。②治療后,觀察組輸卵管再通率達(dá)91.7%,對(duì)照組僅60.7%(P<0.05)。同時(shí),觀察組異位妊娠和主動(dòng)避孕患者例數(shù)差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,但宮內(nèi)妊娠的患者明顯多于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。③觀察組治愈率高達(dá)100.0%,顯著高于對(duì)照組的71.4%(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 腹腔鏡下開(kāi)窗取胚術(shù)具有術(shù)后輸卵管再通率、妊娠率高等優(yōu)勢(shì),恢復(fù)更快,值得臨床推廣應(yīng)用。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 腹腔鏡;輸卵管開(kāi)窗術(shù);輸卵管妊娠
[中圖分類號(hào)] R5 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1674-0742(2017)11(a)-0046-03
[Abstract] Objective To compare the clinical value of oviducal pregnancy laparoscopic windowing for embryo extraction and drug conservative treatment of fallopian tube recanalization and pregnant rates. Methods 112 cases of patients with tubal pregnancy admitted and treated in our hospital from June 2015 to May 2016 were conveniently a selected and divided into two groups with 56 cases in each, the observation group and the control group were respectively treated with laparoscopic windowing, while the control group adopted the intramuscular injection of methotrexate, and the clinical manifestations were compared between the two groups. Results The average β-HCG recovery time and mass disappearance time in the observation group were respectively(10.1±4.7)d and(6.4±4.9)d, which were obviously shorter than those in the control group, and the length of stay and menstruation recovery time were obviously shorter than those in the control group(P<0.05), after treatment, the fallopian tube recanalization rate in the observation group and in the control group was respectively 91.7% and 60.7%(P<0.05), and there were no obvious differences in the ectopic gestation and active contraception, but the patients with intrauterine pregnancy were obviously more than those in the control group(P<0.05), the cure rate in the observation group was obviously higher than that in the control group(100.0% vs 71.4%)(P<0.05). Conclusion The laparoscopic windowing for embryo extraction has the advantages of high postoperative fallopian tube recanalization and pregnant rates, and the recovery is faster, which is worth promotion and application.
[Key words] Laparoscopic; Fallopian tube windowing; Fallopian tube pregnancy
輸卵管妊娠是最常見(jiàn)的異位妊娠,該病多因輸卵管炎癥導(dǎo)致孕卵無(wú)法正常著床而流產(chǎn)引起[1]。目前臨床上治療輸卵管妊娠的方法主要有手術(shù)治療和藥物治療,手術(shù)可切除病側(cè)輸卵管,但對(duì)于想保留生育功能的患者,切除輸卵管大大降低了成功受孕的概率[2]。腹腔鏡下開(kāi)窗取胚術(shù)是指通過(guò)手術(shù)切開(kāi)輸卵管取出孕卵并保留輸卵管,臨床應(yīng)用效果良好。另外,藥物治療也是臨床常用的治療方法。該文選擇了2015年6月—2016年5月期間收治的112例輸卵管妊娠患者,比較了腹腔鏡開(kāi)窗取胚術(shù)與藥物治療的臨床效果。以下為研究過(guò)程回顧。endprint
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
該文研究對(duì)象為方便選取該院收治的112例輸卵管妊娠患者,隨機(jī)分為觀察組和對(duì)照組。觀察組56例,平均年齡(30.2±8.3)歲,平均停經(jīng)時(shí)間(56.2±13.8)d,其中25例有人工流產(chǎn)史;對(duì)照組56例,平均年齡(31.5±7.8)歲,平均停經(jīng)時(shí)間(54.1±14.9)d,其中26例有人工流產(chǎn)史。經(jīng)統(tǒng)計(jì),兩組患者的基本資料差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,具有可比性。病例納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[3-4]:①所有患者經(jīng)B超檢查并結(jié)合臨床癥狀確診為輸卵管妊娠;②有生育需求;③年齡20~40歲之間;④簽署知情同意書。病例排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①有嚴(yán)重精神疾患者;②對(duì)照組患者對(duì)已知藥物過(guò)敏者;③觀察組患者合并手術(shù)禁忌證;④不能配合研究者。
1.2 方法
所有患者均于入院后及時(shí)行常規(guī)檢查。對(duì)照組患者給予甲氨蝶呤(國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字H32026197)肌注,50 mg/m2;觀察組患者開(kāi)放靜脈通道,行硬膜外麻醉或氣管插管麻醉,建立氣腹,清除腹腔積血,根據(jù)病灶部位行腹腔鏡下輸卵管開(kāi)窗術(shù),存在盆腔粘連者行粘連分離術(shù),清除孕卵,并行電凝止血,術(shù)后每天監(jiān)測(cè)血清β-HCG水平,直至恢復(fù)正常水平。治療后檢查患者輸卵管功能,并統(tǒng)計(jì)兩組患者β-HCG恢復(fù)時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間、包塊消失時(shí)間、月經(jīng)恢復(fù)時(shí)間,隨訪一年,比較輸卵管再通率、妊娠率以及治愈率。其中,β-HCG連續(xù)3次測(cè)定呈陰性,且臨床癥狀基本消失為治愈。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)方法
采用SPSS 13.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理。計(jì)數(shù)資料以[n(%)]表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn),計(jì)量資料以(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 治療情況比較
經(jīng)治療,觀察組患者平均β-HCG恢復(fù)時(shí)間為(10.1±4.7)d、包塊消失時(shí)間為(6.4±4.9)d,均明顯短于對(duì)照組;住院時(shí)間以及月經(jīng)恢復(fù)時(shí)間也明顯短于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 輸卵管再通及受孕情況
治療后,觀察組輸卵管再通率達(dá)91.7%,對(duì)照組僅60.7%(P<0.05)。同時(shí),觀察組異位妊娠和主動(dòng)避孕患者例數(shù)差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,但宮內(nèi)妊娠的患者明顯多于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。
2.3 治愈情況
察組治愈率高達(dá)100.0%,顯著高于對(duì)照組的71.4%(P<0.05)。
3 討論
輸卵管妊娠是指受精卵因某些原因在輸卵管的某一部位著床發(fā)育,發(fā)生妊娠反應(yīng),早期無(wú)明顯臨床癥狀,發(fā)生妊娠流產(chǎn)或者受精卵破裂后,則會(huì)出現(xiàn)明顯的腹痛、閉經(jīng)、陰道出血等癥狀,甚至引起暈厥,危害女性身體健康[5-6]。目前臨床治療輸卵管妊娠主要有手術(shù)和藥物兩種方式。手術(shù)治療包括腹腔鏡保守手術(shù)和開(kāi)腹手術(shù),對(duì)于多數(shù)保留生育功能的女性而言,一般不考慮開(kāi)腹切除術(shù),腹腔鏡輸卵管開(kāi)窗取胚術(shù)可保留生育功能[7]。該研究旨在對(duì)比兩種治療方法的臨床效果,以及對(duì)輸卵管再通和妊娠的影響,為臨床治療提供依據(jù)。
結(jié)果表明,經(jīng)治療,兩組患者臨床癥狀基本得到緩解,觀察組患者β-HCG恢復(fù)時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間、月經(jīng)恢復(fù)時(shí)間以及包塊消失時(shí)間明顯短于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。同時(shí),治療后,觀察組輸卵管再通率達(dá)91.7%,對(duì)照組僅60.7%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。同時(shí),觀察組異位妊娠和主動(dòng)避孕患者例數(shù)差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,但宮內(nèi)妊娠的患者明顯多于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。另外觀察組患者56例治愈,治愈率高達(dá)100.00%,對(duì)照組為40例,治愈率為71.4%,明顯低于觀察組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=4.852,P<0.05)。上述結(jié)果可見(jiàn)腹腔鏡輸卵管開(kāi)窗術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)明顯,不僅有效治療輸卵管妊娠,保留生育功能,輸卵管再通率和宮內(nèi)妊娠率明顯高于藥物治療組。褚艷蓉[8]也對(duì)腹腔鏡保守手術(shù)與化學(xué)藥物兩種方式治療輸卵管妊娠的臨床效果進(jìn)行了觀察和比較,結(jié)果顯示,手術(shù)組患者的輸卵管通暢率為75.68%,明顯高于藥物組44.62%,治療后兩組患者血清β-HCG均有所降低,觀察組患者治療后血清HCG水平為(202.18±126.73)mIU/mL,顯著低于(387.64±257.67)mIU/mL,兩組患者的住院時(shí)間分別為(9.34±2.64)d和(19.43±8.32)d,二者差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,表明腹腔鏡保守手術(shù)的治療效果更佳,這與該文研究結(jié)果一致,結(jié)果可靠。
綜上所述,腹腔鏡下開(kāi)窗取胚術(shù)具有術(shù)后輸卵管再通率、妊娠率高優(yōu)勢(shì),恢復(fù)更快,值得臨床推廣應(yīng)用。
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(收稿日期:2017-08-04)endprint