文/李 健
獲取或協(xié)助獲取工程建設所需的許可Permits, Licences or Approvals,是建設工程合同業(yè)主一方當事人的重要義務之一。
例1—The Employer shall (where he is in a position to do so)provide reasonable assistance to the Contractor at the request of the Contractor:
(a) by obtaining copies of the Laws of the Country which are relevant to the Contract but are not readily available, and
(b) for the Contractor’s applications for any permits, licences or approvals required by the Laws of the Country:
(i) which the Contractor is required to obtain under Sub-Clause 1.13[Compliance with Laws],
(ii) for the delivery of Goods, including clearance through customs, and
(iii) for the export of Contractor’s Equipment when it is removed from the Site. (2.2 Permits, Licences or Approval, Contract for Construction, FIDIC, 1999)
試譯:業(yè)主應當按其所能,根據(jù)承包商的請求,向承包商提供合理的協(xié)助:
(a)獲得與合同有關但不易得到的工程所在國的法律文本,
(b)協(xié)助承包商申請法律所要求的許可、執(zhí)照或批準,包括:
(i)依據(jù)第1.13款[法律的遵守],承包商必須獲得的,
(ii)為貨物交付(包括清關)所需的,
(iii)承包商設備撤離現(xiàn)場而出口時所需的。
例2—發(fā)包人應遵守法律,并辦理法律規(guī)定由其辦理的許可、批準或備案,包括但不限于建設用地規(guī)劃許可證、建設工程規(guī)劃許可證、建設工程施工許可證、施工所需臨時用水、臨時用電、中斷道路交通、臨時占用土地等許可和批準。發(fā)包人應協(xié)助承包人辦理法律規(guī)定的有關施工證件和批件。
因發(fā)包人原因未能及時辦理完畢前述許可、批準或備案,由發(fā)包人承擔由此增加的費用和(或)延誤的工期,并支付承包人合理的利潤。
試譯:The Employer shall comply with the Laws, and obtain licenses, approvals or register records, which are in the charge of the Employer under the Laws, including but not limited to the Construction Land Planning License, Construction Planning License, Construction License, and permissions for temporary supply and use of water or electricity, temporary traffic suspension, or temporary use of land. The Employer shall assistant the Contractor to obtain certificates or approvals related to the Construction.
Where the Employer fails on his own reasons to obtain the licenses,approvals or register records said above, the Employer shall assume the extra Cost and/or the extension of time caused by such failure, and pay the reasonable profit therein to the Contractor.
點評
1.首先,Permits, Licenses,Approvals這三個詞都有“許可”的意思。License,可以用作名詞或者動詞。在法律上,人們通常是這樣解釋名詞License的:1. government permission for a person to do something otherwise forbidden, such as practice medicine, drive a car, or sell liquor;2. a certificate evidencing such permission,許可,許可證(執(zhí)照),強調(diào)了許可的“政府”性質(zhì)。Permit,Approvals表達的同意、許可、批準,既可以是政府性質(zhì)的,也可以是非政府性質(zhì)的,視實際情況而定。在這個意義上,我國《行政許可法》名稱,我更傾向于可譯成Law on Administrative Licensing或Administrative Licensing Law。
2.the delivery of Goods,不少中文文獻譯作“物件的傳送”或“運送貨物”,本文認為,這樣的翻譯不是很好,應當譯成“貨物交付”。在法律上,“交付”產(chǎn)生所有權轉移的后果。例如中國《合同法》第133條規(guī)定,“標的物的所有權自標的物交付時起轉移,但法律另有規(guī)定或當事人另有規(guī)定的除外?!盩he ownership of an object will be transferred upon the delivery of the object, except as otherwise provided by law or agreed upon by the parties.
3.其實,獲取工程建設所需的許可與協(xié)助獲取工程建設所需的許可,還是有所區(qū)別的。業(yè)主獲取工程建設所需的許可的義務,通常應當是工程所在地國家法律下“業(yè)主”的行政法義務,或者是“業(yè)主”基于其他民事關系應當先獲得非政府性質(zhì)的“許可”;但協(xié)助獲取工程建設所需的許可,通常是“承包商”在履行建設工程合同過程中應當獲得的“許可”(注意例1中the Contractor’s applications for,the Contractor is required to obtain字樣)而不是本應由“業(yè)主”去獲得的。我們可以對比:例1主要說的是業(yè)主協(xié)助承包商獲得許可的義務;例2主要說的是業(yè)主自己獲得許可的義務。
4.事實上,F(xiàn)IDIC文本對業(yè)主自己獲得許可義務的規(guī)定,體現(xiàn)在2.2 Permits, Licences or Approval中援引的Sub-Clause 1.13[Compliance with Laws]的例外規(guī)定中。