肖國(guó)強(qiáng)
2000多年前,一條打通東西方的古絲綢之路,打開了各國(guó)友好交往的新窗口,書寫了人類發(fā)展進(jìn)步的新篇章。
2000多年后的今天,習(xí)近平主席提出的“一帶一路”倡議,已經(jīng)成為構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體的重要探索與實(shí)踐。
“國(guó)之交在于民相親,民相親在于心相通?!比涨?,筆者隨浙江日?qǐng)?bào)報(bào)業(yè)集團(tuán)采訪團(tuán)走進(jìn)“一帶一路”沿線國(guó)家波蘭、捷克、希臘。
文化如水,溫潤(rùn)人心。穿行在波蘭、捷克、希臘的大街小巷,徜徉在一座座歷史建筑、一處處文化遺產(chǎn)之中,我們深感其文明之悠久、文化之厚重,更感嘆其對(duì)歷史文化保護(hù)之重視。
在和三國(guó)主流媒體及有關(guān)人士的采訪交流中,我們深切感受到,開展媒體合作、夯實(shí)民意基礎(chǔ)、增進(jìn)理解互信已經(jīng)成為共同的心聲。
留住民族文化的根脈
波蘭首都華沙是一座歷史悠久的文化名城,更難以想象,這座城市竟然經(jīng)歷了一次奇跡般的歷史文化的“浴火重生”。
二戰(zhàn)中,華沙85%以上的建筑被毀,老城內(nèi)一片焦土,古建筑更是蕩然無存。二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后,為了再現(xiàn)這座歷史名城當(dāng)年的輝煌,波蘭決定按照戰(zhàn)前測(cè)繪并完整保存下來的建筑資料重建華沙老城,同時(shí)興建新城。經(jīng)過前后約20年的重建,老城內(nèi)900多座古建筑或重建或修復(fù),昔日的宮殿、城堡和教堂再現(xiàn)巍峨,老城內(nèi)的街道也都保留著中世紀(jì)的完美風(fēng)貌。與此同時(shí),華沙將新城區(qū)建設(shè)規(guī)劃在遠(yuǎn)離古城的地區(qū),避免了新城建筑對(duì)古城的輪廓產(chǎn)生影響。1980年,華沙老城作為唯一的完全重建案例,成功入選世界遺產(chǎn)名錄。
我們行走在老城中的肖邦公園,行走在老城中依然保留著舊時(shí)風(fēng)貌的居里夫人故居,沒有半點(diǎn)違和感,有的只是發(fā)自內(nèi)心的感嘆,感嘆于波蘭人民為留住歷史記憶、延續(xù)波蘭文化的遠(yuǎn)見和努力。
站在捷克首都布拉格廣場(chǎng)抬眼望去,更有一種別樣的韻味:紅色房頂,宛如童話;金色塔尖,夢(mèng)幻迷離……也許,在這里才能更好地體味尼采當(dāng)年所說“當(dāng)我想以一個(gè)詞來表達(dá)神秘時(shí),我只想到了布拉格”的意蘊(yùn)。
當(dāng)我們談起布拉格獨(dú)特的建筑文化時(shí),捷克《權(quán)利報(bào)》副總編輯普雷斯尼克非常自豪:“我去過中國(guó),中國(guó)有悠久的文化,我們捷克也有。特別是我們布拉格的建筑是獨(dú)一無二的,不論是哥特式、文藝復(fù)興式還是巴洛克式的建筑,在這里都能看到?!彼J(rèn)真地說:“留住民族文化的根非常重要,我們布拉格在這方面做得很好。”
普雷斯尼克確實(shí)有理由自豪。近千年來,無論入侵與戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)如何頻繁發(fā)生,自然災(zāi)害如何兇猛異常,布拉格從來沒有中斷過對(duì)歷史古跡的修建和維護(hù)。如今,在布拉格面積只有900公頃的城市核心區(qū),國(guó)家級(jí)歷史保護(hù)文物達(dá)2000處。
在布拉格,老城區(qū)的房子只許室內(nèi)裝修,不準(zhǔn)動(dòng)外部結(jié)構(gòu)。如果這幢房子是文物,沒有文物保護(hù)部門的許可,房子的屋頂、外墻、裝飾甚至墻體顏色都不能有任何變動(dòng)。
也許,原汁原味和不曾“被破壞”,這正是布拉格成為全球第一個(gè)整座城市被定為世界文化遺產(chǎn)的秘密吧。
冬日溫暖的陽(yáng)光中,我們登上了雅典衛(wèi)城。這里是古代希臘人祭祀守護(hù)女神雅典娜的圣地。矗立于衛(wèi)城之巔,只見那座歷經(jīng)風(fēng)雨侵蝕、炮火轟擊被稱為“歐洲文明紀(jì)念碑”的帕特農(nóng)神廟,如今僅剩斷壁殘?jiān)湮《雺延^的姿態(tài)依舊震撼人心。一旁的工人們,正在對(duì)神廟中的大理石柱進(jìn)行異?!熬徛钡男迯?fù)工作。
說緩慢,是因?yàn)檫@樣的修復(fù)工作已經(jīng)開展了40多年。為了保持古跡結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性和真實(shí)性,希臘政府使用了最好的材料和最新的技術(shù)。到目前為止,保護(hù)和恢復(fù)工程花費(fèi)已超過1億歐元。
修了這么久,為什么不拆了重建?這正是希臘文物保護(hù)不可觸碰的“紅線”——“拆”是絕對(duì)禁忌。希臘獨(dú)立100多年來,歷屆政府都不遺余力地保護(hù)文化遺產(chǎn)。從1834年通過第一部文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)法起,希臘在對(duì)待古跡方面的基本原則就是“文化遺跡永遠(yuǎn)是第一位的”。
為了保護(hù)好雅典衛(wèi)城,希臘采取了多種措施,包括在遺址邊緣確立緩沖區(qū),嚴(yán)防破壞、偷竊和盜挖等。正因?yàn)橛辛巳绱藝?yán)格的規(guī)定,雅典衛(wèi)城在每天有近萬人參觀游覽的情況下,依然保持著原貌,熠熠生輝。
世界關(guān)注中國(guó)倡議
“一帶一路”倡議提出4年來,以其實(shí)實(shí)在在的成果,詮釋了以和平合作、開放包容、互學(xué)互鑒、互利共贏為核心的絲路精神,受到全球廣泛關(guān)注,也受到了我們此訪3個(gè)國(guó)家媒體同行的高度評(píng)價(jià)。
波蘭三大主流報(bào)紙之一《經(jīng)濟(jì)法律日?qǐng)?bào)》副社長(zhǎng)多米尼克認(rèn)為,中波加強(qiáng)經(jīng)貿(mào)交流非常有必要。在她看來,“一帶一路”就是一條新絲綢之路,“它對(duì)波蘭非常有意義,也是一條全新的貿(mào)易渠道,我本人包括所接觸到的波蘭民眾對(duì)此都持開放態(tài)度?!彼瑫r(shí)表示,希望兩國(guó)進(jìn)一步開展媒體合作,更好地介紹新絲綢之路,“讓越來越多的人了解新絲綢之路,讓兩國(guó)的貿(mào)易往來越來越多。”
“‘一帶一路是友好的、和平的倡議,我們非常樂意看到它成功?!毕ED《每日新聞報(bào)》周末版主編巴巴多普羅斯對(duì)本報(bào)記者說,希臘和其他許多歐洲國(guó)家一樣,都非常欽佩“一帶一路”倡議,特別是中遠(yuǎn)集團(tuán)收購(gòu)比雷埃夫斯港口股權(quán)讓希臘受益很多,也增強(qiáng)了希臘更快走出債務(wù)危機(jī)的信心。
共同夯實(shí)民意基礎(chǔ)
作為捷克最有影響力的主流報(bào)紙之一,《權(quán)利報(bào)》曾在2016年3月刊登了習(xí)近平主席訪問捷克前夕發(fā)表的署名文章《奏響中捷關(guān)系的時(shí)代強(qiáng)音》,對(duì)中國(guó)有著較深的了解。endprint
“習(xí)近平主席提出的‘一帶一路倡議,是一個(gè)全新的理念,我們認(rèn)為有很大的前景和影響?!薄稒?quán)利報(bào)》副總編輯普雷斯尼克告訴筆者,近年來,中捷越走越近、關(guān)系越來越好,這和“一帶一路”倡議有直接關(guān)系。對(duì)于中國(guó)秉持共商共建共享的全球治理觀,堅(jiān)持國(guó)家不分大小、強(qiáng)弱、貧富一律平等,普雷斯尼克也印象深刻:“捷克有史以來一直深受周邊大國(guó)的影響,中國(guó)能平等發(fā)展和所有國(guó)家的關(guān)系,這令我十分敬佩?!?/p>
作為《權(quán)利報(bào)》專門負(fù)責(zé)報(bào)道中國(guó)新聞的記者,茨坦尼克也坦率地對(duì)當(dāng)前“一帶一路”建設(shè)提出了建議。他說,當(dāng)前捷克國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)于“一帶一路”帶來的貿(mào)易逆差還有不同看法,同時(shí),“一帶一路”目前大多是一些大企業(yè)參與,如何讓捷克的中小企業(yè)也參與進(jìn)來,這些都是未來需要解決的問題。
“最重要的是加深認(rèn)識(shí)和了解?!逼绽姿鼓峥苏f,未來,兩國(guó)之間除了高層交往之外,還要擴(kuò)大兩國(guó)民眾之間的交流,讓“一帶一路”走進(jìn)公眾,讓普通民眾也能共享“一帶一路”發(fā)展機(jī)遇。他表示,非常愿意和浙報(bào)集團(tuán)等中國(guó)媒體開展合作,介紹各自的地方特色,介紹中國(guó)包括浙江的中小企業(yè)、地方特色和文化名人,同時(shí)也把捷克的企業(yè)和文化介紹給中國(guó),進(jìn)一步增加兩國(guó)人民之間的相互了解。
用“心”講好絲路故事
在采訪中,三國(guó)的媒體同行坦誠(chéng)告訴我們,雖然已經(jīng)有越來越多的國(guó)家和民眾對(duì)“一帶一路”持開放態(tài)度,但不可否認(rèn),在歐洲乃至其他地區(qū),仍有一些國(guó)家和政黨由于各種各樣的原因,不理解“一帶一路”。
對(duì)此,希臘《中希時(shí)報(bào)》社長(zhǎng)吳海龍介紹,眼下他們正在做一件事情,就是在大使館的指導(dǎo)下,請(qǐng)來希臘語專家把關(guān),把中共十九大報(bào)告全文翻譯成希臘文,在報(bào)紙上連載,其目的就是讓希臘政府官員和民眾能夠原汁原味地從報(bào)告中了解一個(gè)更加真實(shí)的中國(guó),了解中國(guó)推動(dòng)構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體的美好愿望。
《中希時(shí)報(bào)》執(zhí)行總編輯楊少波說,“一帶一路”是經(jīng)濟(jì)合作之路,也是文化交流之路,我們要以文化“軟實(shí)力”為“硬實(shí)力”鋪路,以文化的交流交融推動(dòng)各國(guó)相互理解、相互尊重、相互信任,媒體在這方面義不容辭。為此,媒體在“一帶一路”報(bào)道中,要講好絲路故事,用故事說理,用事實(shí)說話,讓“一帶一路”倡議更加深入人心。比如,在希臘傳說中,兩個(gè)拜占庭僧侶把中國(guó)的蠶卵藏在拐杖里帶回希臘,古希臘語中把中國(guó)稱為絲之國(guó),發(fā)音就是“Sl”。茶葉在希臘語中也保持著漢語的發(fā)音。在國(guó)與國(guó)的交往中,如果能多講一些生動(dòng)友好的故事,有助于進(jìn)一步拉近兩國(guó)人民之間的距離。
媒體是聯(lián)通民心的橋梁、紐帶和窗口。中希工商總會(huì)常務(wù)副會(huì)長(zhǎng)翁進(jìn)東建議,“一帶一路”是一項(xiàng)偉大的事業(yè),我們要有足夠的耐心,要考慮到沿線國(guó)家特別是西方國(guó)家的不同國(guó)情政情,進(jìn)一步深化交流合作,消除隔閡,釋放信任,讓各國(guó)民眾在心與心的交融中更好地理解“一帶一路”。
More than 2,000 ago, a network of trade routes stretching from the Korean peninsula and Japan to the Mediterranean Sea brought the East and West culturally together. The camel bells rang again after 2,000 years of vicissitudes. A development strategy unveiled by Xi Jinping in 2013 to focus on connectivity and cooperation between Eurasian countries underlines China's push to take a larger role in global affairs with a win-win trading network. I recently joined a trip organized by Zhejiang Daily Press Group. The cultural immersion in Poland, the Czech Republic and Greece enhanced my understanding of the significance of the ‘Belt and Road initiative and made me reevaluate the importance of joining hands to protect the cultural treasures of human beings. Bathed in the well-conserved cultural glory of some of the worlds finest cities, one cannot help feeling the strong ‘silky bond being restored by Chinese strategists and shared by a growing number of Eurasian nations.
Warsaw, the capital and largest city of Poland, was believed to be one of the most beautiful cities in the world until World War II. Warsaw's mixture of architectural styles reflects the turbulent history of the city and country. During the Second World War, Warsaw was razed to the ground by bombing raids and planned destruction, with 85% of its buildings in ruins. Within twenty years after the war, most of the historical buildings were reconstructed. The metropolis has gained the new title of Phoenix City because of its extensive history and complete reconstruction after the severe damage it suffered in World War II. The picturesque Old Town of Warsaw, which represents examples of nearly every European architectural style and historical period, was listed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1980.endprint
Warsaw is renowned, most notably, for several dozen museums and outspread greenery, with around a quarter of the city's area occupied by parks. ?azienki Park, also rendered "Royal Baths Park", is the largest park in Warsaw. It is visited by tourists from all over Poland and the world, and serves as a venue for music, the arts, and culture. Warsaw is the proud hometown of Maria Curie, the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and the only woman to win twice.
Walking in the historic Old Town Square in Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic, I could not help feeling baptized by the unique cultural richness of the city that once enthralled Friedrich Nietzsche so much that he regarded the city as the synonym of ‘mystery.
“Prague is a treasure trove of various architectural styles represented by the Gothic Church of Our Lady before T?n and the Baroque St. Nicholas Church. “The city did a wonderful job in preserving its cultural roots,” said Deputy Editor-in-Chief of Pravo Daily.
Prague is home to a number of famous cultural attractions, many of which survived the violence and destruction of 20th-century Europe. In fact, the city has never ceased the protection of its historical monuments over the past 1,000 years. Since 1992, the citys 900-hectare extensive historic heart, which boasts as many as 2,000 cultural sites, has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. In the Old Town area, not a single architectural detail is allowed to be altered without permission from the local government. The result of such vigorous protection is the citys primitive beauty left untainted in modernization.
On the rocky outcrop above the city of Athens, the Acropolis of Athens is safeguarding the countrys great architectural and historic significance, the most famous of which being the Parthenon - regarded as an enduring symbol of Ancient Greece, Athenian democracy and western civilization, and one of the world's greatest cultural monuments. The Parthenon is also a paragon of cultural relic restoration – it took workers more than four decades of hard work and a capital input that has topped 100 million Euro to restore the original fa?ade and all the decorative sculptures of what is considered the finest example of Greek architecture. For the Greek government, the countrys cultural core always comes first on the agenda. Today it attracts millions of tourists every year, who travel up the path at the western end of the Acropolis, through the restored Propylaea, and up the Panathenaic Way to the Parthenon.endprint