高志鵬,徐萬鵬,喬斌,楊斌林,段全紅
(1 濰坊醫(yī)學(xué)院,山東濰坊261053;2 濰坊醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院)
研究發(fā)現(xiàn),多種長鏈非編碼RNA(lncRNA)在惡性腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展過程中扮演重要角色[1~4]。結(jié)直腸惡性腫瘤差異表達(dá)基因(CRNDE)是一種較早發(fā)現(xiàn)于結(jié)直腸癌細(xì)胞中的高表達(dá)lncRNA。已有研究報(bào)道,在膠質(zhì)瘤、髓母細(xì)胞瘤、腎癌等多種腫瘤組織中l(wèi)ncRNA CRNDE表達(dá)上調(diào)[5~7]。Liu等[8]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),結(jié)直腸癌組織lncRNA CRNDE表達(dá)變化與患者預(yù)后有關(guān)。但lncRNA CRNDE在結(jié)直腸癌細(xì)胞增殖及遷移中的作用鮮見報(bào)道。2016年11月~2017年6月,本研究通過siRNA技術(shù)靶向干擾結(jié)直腸癌HCT116細(xì)胞(以下稱HCT116細(xì)胞)中l(wèi)ncRNA CRNDE表達(dá),觀察lncRNA CRNDE表達(dá)變化對(duì)結(jié)直腸癌細(xì)胞增殖和遷移的影響。現(xiàn)分析結(jié)果并報(bào)告如下。
1.1 材料 HCT116細(xì)胞,購自中國科學(xué)院細(xì)胞庫。lncRNA CRNDE特異性siRNA,由上海吉瑪制藥技術(shù)有限公司合成;lncRNA CRNDE及GAPDH PCR引物序列,由上海生工生物工程股份有限公司合成。Mastercycler Ep Realplex實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR儀,德國Eppendorf公司;NanoDrop 2000c超微量分光光度計(jì)、Multiskan MK3型酶標(biāo)儀,美國Thermo Fisher Scientific公司;熒光倒置顯微鏡,日本奧林巴斯株式會(huì)社。McCOY′s5A細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)液,美國Solarbio公司;Opti-MEM?Ⅰ Reduced Serum Medium,美國Gibco公司;Lipofectamine?2000,美國Invitrogen公司;RNAiso Plus、PrimeScriptTMRT reagent Kit試劑盒、SYBR Premix Ex TaqTM試劑盒,寶生物工程(大連)有限公司。
1.2 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)傳代 將HCT116細(xì)胞接種于含10% FBS McCOY′s5A培養(yǎng)液的培養(yǎng)瓶,置于37 ℃、5% CO2、飽和濕度的細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)。當(dāng)細(xì)胞融合達(dá)90%時(shí),加入0.25% Trypsin-EDTA消化,按1∶3比例傳代。取傳10代內(nèi)對(duì)數(shù)生長期細(xì)胞進(jìn)行后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)。
1.3 lncRNA CRNDE-siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染及轉(zhuǎn)染效率驗(yàn)證 將對(duì)數(shù)生長期HCT116細(xì)胞接種于6孔板,每孔2×105個(gè),隨機(jī)分為CRNDE siRNA組、陰性對(duì)照組、空白對(duì)照組,每組設(shè)3個(gè)復(fù)孔。各組常規(guī)培養(yǎng)24 h,CRNDE siRNA組加入lncRNA CRNDE-siRNA(正義鏈:5′-GCUCGAGUGGUUUAAAUAUTT-3′,反義鏈:5′-AUAUUUAAACCACUCGAGCTT-3′)轉(zhuǎn)染,陰性對(duì)照組加入無關(guān)序列NC-siRNA(正義鏈:5′-UUCUCCGAACGUGUCACGUTT-3′,反義鏈:5′-ACG-UGACACGUUCGGAGAATT-3′)轉(zhuǎn)染,空白對(duì)照組不予轉(zhuǎn)染。所有操作嚴(yán)格按Lipofectamine?2000說明書進(jìn)行。各組均置于37 ℃、5% CO2、飽和濕度的細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)。轉(zhuǎn)染48 h,收集細(xì)胞,采用RNAiso Plus提取細(xì)胞總RNA,經(jīng)NanoDrop 2000c超微量分光光度計(jì)和瓊脂糖凝膠電泳檢測,提取的總RNA純度和完整性符合實(shí)驗(yàn)要求。按照PrimeScriptTMRT reagent Kit試劑盒說明將提取的總RNA逆轉(zhuǎn)錄為cDNA,以cDNA為模板進(jìn)行PCR擴(kuò)增。根據(jù)CRNDE信息,使用Primer5.0軟件設(shè)計(jì)引物。引物序列:lncRNA CRNDE上游引物5′-CGCG-CCCGCGCGGCGGAGGA-3′,下游引物5′-AGTATGAATTGCAGACTTTGCA-3′;內(nèi)參GAPDH上游引物5′-GTCAACGGATTTGGTCTGTATT-3′,下游引物5′-AGTCTTCTGGGTGGCAGTGAT-3′。根據(jù)SYBR Premix Ex TaqTM試劑盒說明配制反應(yīng)體系。反應(yīng)條件:95 ℃預(yù)變性5 s,95 ℃變性5 s、60 ℃退火30 s共40個(gè)循環(huán)。以GAPDH為內(nèi)參,采用2-ΔΔCt法計(jì)算lncRNA CRNDE mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量。結(jié)果顯示,空白對(duì)照組、陰性對(duì)照組、CRNDE siRNA組lncRNA CRNDE mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量分別為1.000±0.000、0.923±0.015、0.135±0.023。CRNDE siRNA組lncRNA CRNDE mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量明顯低于空白對(duì)照組、陰性對(duì)照組(P均<0.05),而空白對(duì)照組與陰性對(duì)照組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。說明lncRNA CRNDE-siRNA成功下調(diào)了HCT116細(xì)胞lncRNA CRNDE表達(dá)。
1.4 細(xì)胞增殖能力檢測 采用CCK-8法。取對(duì)數(shù)生長期HCT116細(xì)胞,按1.3中方法進(jìn)行分組和轉(zhuǎn)染。各組分別于轉(zhuǎn)染24、48、72 h每孔加入CCK-8溶液10 μL,37 ℃、5% CO2、飽和濕度下孵育3 h,Multiskan MK3型酶標(biāo)儀于450 nm波長處檢測各孔的吸光度(A)值。以A450值表示細(xì)胞增殖能力。
1.5 細(xì)胞遷移能力檢測 采用細(xì)胞劃痕實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)前預(yù)先用記號(hào)筆在6孔板每孔背面橫穿孔心均勻、筆直地畫橫線。取對(duì)數(shù)生長期HCT116細(xì)胞,按1.3中方法進(jìn)行分組和轉(zhuǎn)染。轉(zhuǎn)染24 h,使用微量移液器槍頭垂直于預(yù)先畫好的橫線再次劃痕,PBS小心漂洗3次,去除劃下的細(xì)胞。隨機(jī)挑選3個(gè)視野,記錄位置并拍照。將6孔板置于37 ℃、5% CO2、飽和濕度的細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)48 h,顯微鏡下拍照,采用Image-Pro Plus6.0軟件測量各組細(xì)胞遷移距離。
2.1 各組轉(zhuǎn)染不同時(shí)間細(xì)胞增殖能力比較 見表1。
表1 各組轉(zhuǎn)染不同時(shí)間細(xì)胞增殖能力比較
注:與空白對(duì)照組同時(shí)間比較,*P<0.05;與陰性對(duì)照組同時(shí)間比較,#P<0.05;與同組轉(zhuǎn)染24 h比較,△P<0.05;與同組轉(zhuǎn)染48 h比較,▲P<0.05。
2.2 各組細(xì)胞遷移能力比較 CRNDE siRNA組、陰性對(duì)照組、空白對(duì)照組轉(zhuǎn)染24 h細(xì)胞遷移距離分別為(5.265±0.443)、(16.188±0.799)、(18.233±2.087)pixel。CRNDE siRNA組細(xì)胞遷移距離明顯小于陰性對(duì)照組和空白對(duì)照組(P均<0.05),而陰性對(duì)照組與空白對(duì)照組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
lncRNA廣泛存在于細(xì)胞核和細(xì)胞質(zhì)中,是長度大于200個(gè)核苷酸、不能編碼蛋白質(zhì)但具有基因表達(dá)調(diào)節(jié)功能的一類RNA[9]。lncRNA在轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控、轉(zhuǎn)錄后調(diào)控及表觀遺傳學(xué)調(diào)控方面具有重要作用,如染色體修飾、X染色體沉默、DNA甲基化、干擾核內(nèi)運(yùn)輸、轉(zhuǎn)錄激活或沉默等[10]。在惡性腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展中,常伴隨lncRNA異常表達(dá)。Svoboda等[11]報(bào)道,在結(jié)直腸癌組織中l(wèi)ncRNA HOTAIR可出現(xiàn)差異表達(dá),并與腫瘤分期、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移及患者預(yù)后密切相關(guān)。Alaiyan等[12]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),lncRNA CCAT1在結(jié)直腸腺瘤進(jìn)展至惡性腫瘤過程中表達(dá)逐步上調(diào),并且其表達(dá)變化還與腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移有關(guān)。有研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),lncRNA UCA1在結(jié)直腸癌細(xì)胞增殖、凋亡等一系列生物學(xué)過程中發(fā)揮重要作用[13]。由此推測,lncRNA異常表達(dá)可能與惡性腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展有關(guān)。
在眾多與結(jié)直腸癌相關(guān)的lncRNA中,CRNDE是一種在結(jié)直腸癌細(xì)胞中最早發(fā)現(xiàn)的差異性高表達(dá)lncRNA。Graham等[14]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),結(jié)直腸癌患者血清中l(wèi)ncRNA CRNDE高表達(dá)。Liu等[8]研究證實(shí),在結(jié)直腸癌組織中l(wèi)ncRNA CRNDE高表達(dá),并與腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移和患者不良預(yù)后密切相關(guān)。有研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),lncRNA CRNDE在宮頸癌、急性粒細(xì)胞白血病、前列腺癌等組織或細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)亦明顯升高,并與疾病進(jìn)展有關(guān)[15~17]。由此推斷,lncRNA CRNDE在腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展過程中具有癌基因作用。Khalil等[18]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),lncRNA CRNDE和染色質(zhì)修飾復(fù)合體多梳蛋白聚合體2(PRC2)基因與組蛋白的重組過程有關(guān),并且lncRNA CRNDE可通過甲基化或去甲基化的方式影響PRC2和RE-1元件輔助沉默因子相關(guān)基因表達(dá)。因此推測,lncRNA CRNDE可通過表觀遺傳修飾來調(diào)控腫瘤的發(fā)生、進(jìn)展。lncRNA CRNDE轉(zhuǎn)錄本表達(dá)受胰島素/IGF起始的PI3K/Akt/mTOR和Raf/MAPK兩條信號(hào)通路調(diào)控。Ellis等[19]通過抑制結(jié)直腸癌細(xì)胞HCT116和HT29中l(wèi)ncRNA CRNDE gVC-In4轉(zhuǎn)錄本的表達(dá)發(fā)現(xiàn),其可影響一系列與insulin/IGF通路相關(guān)的基因表達(dá)。據(jù)此推測,lncRNA CRNDE可能參與腫瘤細(xì)胞有氧糖酵解的調(diào)控,繼而參與結(jié)直腸癌的發(fā)生、發(fā)展。但目前關(guān)于抑制lncRNA CRNDE表達(dá)對(duì)結(jié)直腸癌細(xì)胞增殖和遷移的影響鮮有報(bào)道。
本研究利用siRNA技術(shù)靶向抑制結(jié)直腸癌HCT116細(xì)胞lncRNA CRNDE表達(dá),觀察下調(diào)lncRNA CRNDE表達(dá)對(duì)HCT116細(xì)胞增殖和遷移的影響。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),隨著轉(zhuǎn)染時(shí)間延長,各組細(xì)胞增殖能力逐漸升高,但CRNDE siRNA組轉(zhuǎn)染24、48、72 h細(xì)胞增殖能力均低于同期陰性對(duì)照組和空白對(duì)照組;CRNDE siRNA組轉(zhuǎn)染24 h再培養(yǎng)48 h細(xì)胞遷移距離均小于陰性對(duì)照組和空白對(duì)照組。上述結(jié)果證實(shí),下調(diào)lncRNA CRNDE表達(dá)可抑制HCT116細(xì)胞增殖和遷移。據(jù)此推測lncRNA CRNDE可能促進(jìn)結(jié)直腸癌的侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移。
綜上所述,下調(diào)lncRNA CRNDE表達(dá)能抑制結(jié)直腸癌細(xì)胞增殖和遷移。本研究為探討結(jié)直腸癌侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移的分子機(jī)制及其治療潛在靶點(diǎn)提供了新思路。
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