張廷朋
【摘 要】目的:觀察阿卡波糖治療2型糖尿病的臨床療效。方法:選取2016.04~2017.11來我院就診的120例2型糖尿病患者為研究對象,根據(jù)治療方式的不同,分為觀察組和對照組,每組60例。觀察組給予二甲雙胍+阿卡波糖,對照組給予二甲雙胍,比較兩組患者空腹和餐后2h血糖恢復(fù)正常時間、治療實施總時間、糖尿病相關(guān)指標(biāo)及臨床療效。結(jié)果:觀察組患者空腹和餐后2h血糖恢復(fù)正常時間、治療實施總時間顯著低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué),P<0.05;治療后觀察組糖化血紅蛋白(HbA1c)、餐后2h血糖(2hPC)、空腹血糖(FPC)水平顯著低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué),P<0.05;觀察組臨床有效率為96.67%,顯著高于對照組的78.33%,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué),P<0.05。結(jié)論:阿卡波糖治療2型糖尿病的臨床療效顯著,值得臨床推廣應(yīng)用。
【關(guān)鍵詞】阿卡波糖;2型糖尿病;臨床療效
Abstract Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of acarbose in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: A total of 120 type 2 diabetic patients treated in our hospital from 2016.04 to 2017.11 were selected as study subjects.According to the different treatment methods, they were divided into observation group and control group, 60 cases in each group.The observation group was treated with metformin plus acarbose, and the control group was given metformin.The fasting and postprandial blood glucose recovery time the total duration of treatment, diabetes-related indicators and clinical efficacy were compared.Results: The fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose recovery time at 2h were observed in the observation group, and the total duration of the treatment was significantly lower than that of the control group (P <0.05).After treatment, the levels of HbA1c, 2h postprandial blood glucose (2hPC ), Fasting blood glucose (FPC) levels were significantly lower than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).The clinical effective rate in the observation group was 96.67%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (78.33%, P <0.05).Conclusion: The clinical of efficacy acarbose treatment of type 2 diabetes is significant, worthy of clinical application.
Key words: acarbose; type 2 diabetes mellitus; clinical efficacy
【中圖分類號】R587.1 【文獻標(biāo)識碼】A 【文章編號】1672-3783(2018)02-03-0-01
糖尿?。╠iabetes mellitus,DM)[1,2]是由于胰島素分泌缺陷或作用障礙所致的以一組代謝性疾病,以高血糖為特征,持續(xù)高血糖和代謝紊亂會導(dǎo)致眼、心[3]、腎、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)等全身多組織器官的損害[4]。近年來,隨著社會的發(fā)展,生活水平不斷提高、飲食結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生改變等原因,糖尿病發(fā)病率迅速升高,其中以 2 型糖尿?。═2DM)為主[5, 6],因此如何有效的控制血糖水平,防治并發(fā)癥,是目前治療糖尿病治療的重點[7]。調(diào)查顯示,我國有 47%的2 型糖尿病患者為單純性餐后血糖升高,說明積極控制餐后血糖非常重要[8]。阿卡波糖屬于α-糖苷酶抑制劑[9],能競爭性抑制葡萄糖甙水解酶,降低多糖及蔗糖的分解,延緩葡萄糖的吸收,因此具有降低餐后血糖的作用[10]。本研究旨在觀察阿卡波糖治療2型糖尿病的臨床療效,現(xiàn)報道如下:
1 資料和方法
1.1 一般資料 選取2016.04~2017.11來我院就診的120例2型糖尿病患者為研究對象,根據(jù)治療方式的不同,分為觀察組和對照組,每組60例。其中,觀察組男36例,女24例;年齡46~78歲,平均年齡為(61.2±7.1)歲;糖尿病史0.5~17年,平均病史為(5.1±0.6)年;平均BMI為(24.2±0.3)。對照組男37例,女23例;年齡47~79歲,平均年齡為(61.5±7.3)歲;糖尿病史1~18年,平均病史為(5.3±0.6)年;平均BMI為(24.3±0.3)。入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①根據(jù)ADA標(biāo)準(zhǔn),確證為2型糖尿病患者;②年齡18~80歲;③空腹血糖為(7.0~11.1)mmol/L,糖化血紅蛋白為(7.0~10.0)%;④無胰島素、胰島素增敏劑、胰島素促泌劑類藥物使用史;⑤碳水化合物攝入>200 g/d;⑥ 無嚴(yán)重心、肝、腎等系統(tǒng)障礙。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①有嚴(yán)重的消化系統(tǒng)障礙;②內(nèi)分泌疾病史;③妊娠或哺乳期婦女。
1.2 治療方法 早保持原飲食、運動等基礎(chǔ)治療不變的情況下,對照組患者給予二甲雙胍腸溶片,餐后口服,5g/次,3次/d;觀察組患者在二甲雙胍治療的基礎(chǔ)上給予阿卡波糖進行治療,50mg/次,三餐與食物共同嚼服。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo) 觀察兩組患者空腹和餐后2h血糖恢復(fù)正常時間、治療實施總時間、糖尿病相關(guān)指標(biāo)(糖化血紅蛋白(HbA1c)、餐后2h血糖(2hPC)、空腹血糖(FPC)水平)及臨床療效。臨床療效的評定:根據(jù)患者的臨床療效,分為顯效、有效、無效3個等級。其中顯效:治療后患者空腹血糖(PFC)水平<6.39mmol/L,餐后2h血糖(2hPC)<7.8mmol/L;有效:治療后患者空腹血糖(PFC)水平<6.39mmol/L,餐后2h血糖(2hPC)<11.1mmol/L;無效:治療后患者空腹血糖(PFC)水平≥6.39mmol/L,或(和)餐后2h血糖(2hPC)≥11.1mmol/L。臨床有效率%=(顯效例數(shù)+有效例數(shù))/總病例數(shù)×100%。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 17.0軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)分析。計量資料以 () 表示,采用 t 檢驗; 計數(shù)資料采用 檢驗。以 P< 0.05 為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組患者空腹和餐后2h血糖恢復(fù)正常時間、治療實施總時間比較觀察組患者空腹和餐后2h血糖恢復(fù)正常時間、治療實施總時間顯著低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué),P<0.05,結(jié)果見表1。
2.2 兩組患者糖尿病相關(guān)指標(biāo)情況 治療后,比較兩組患者糖化血紅蛋白(HbA1c)水平、餐后2h血糖(2hPC)水平、空腹血糖(FPC)水平。觀察組糖化血紅蛋白(HbA1c)、餐后2h血糖(2hPC)、空腹血糖(FPC)水平顯著低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué),P<0.05,結(jié)果見表2。
2.3 兩組患者臨床療效情況比較 觀察組臨床有效率為96.67%,顯著高于對照組的78.33%,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué),P<0.05,結(jié)果見表3。
討論
糖尿病是臨床常見的內(nèi)分泌代謝疾病,隨著社會的發(fā)展、人們生活方式的改變及人口老齡化的加劇,2型糖尿病的發(fā)病率逐年增高[11],尤其在發(fā)展中國家增呈現(xiàn)流行趨勢,糖尿病已成為繼腫瘤、心血管疾病后,第3位威脅人類生命健康的非傳染性疾病。其中,2型糖尿?。═2DM) 主要是由于胰島素抵抗或分泌缺陷,具有明顯的家族遺傳性,多見于成年人, 其中,家族史、肥胖[12]、能量攝入增加和體力活動減少、人口老齡化、高血壓、高血脂、妊娠等均是2型糖尿病的危險因素[13]。2型糖尿病患者由于餐后第一時相胰島素分泌缺陷而導(dǎo)致餐后高血糖,因此,恢復(fù)第一時相胰島素分泌對2型糖尿病患者的治療非常重要[14]。
阿卡波糖是臨床常用口服降糖藥物[15],通過抑制小腸上段的α-糖苷酶酶,阻斷食物中碳水化合物的分解,減慢葡萄糖的吸收,配合飲食控制,能有效改善餐后高血糖[16]。盡管單獨口服阿卡波糖能改善患者餐后高血糖狀態(tài)[17],降低糖化血紅蛋白水平,但不易改善空腹高血糖狀態(tài),當(dāng)阿卡波糖和二甲雙胍連用時,不僅能將血糖維持在穩(wěn)定的水平,也能降低阿卡波糖帶來的胃腸道反應(yīng)[18-19]。本研究中,觀察組給予二甲雙胍+阿卡波糖,對照組給予二甲雙胍,比較兩組患者空腹和餐后2h血糖恢復(fù)正常時間、治療實施總時間、糖尿病相關(guān)指標(biāo)及臨床療效。結(jié)果顯示:觀察組患者空腹和餐后2h血糖恢復(fù)正常時間、治療實施總時間顯著低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué),P<0.05;治療后觀察組糖化血紅蛋白(HbA1c)、餐后2h血糖(2hPC)、空腹血糖(FPC)水平顯著低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué),P<0.05;觀察組臨床有效率為96.67%,顯著高于對照組的78.33%,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué),P<0.05。
綜上所述,對于2型糖尿病患者給予二甲雙胍聯(lián)合阿卡波糖進行治療[20],能有效改善血糖相關(guān)指標(biāo),提高臨床療效方面,值得臨床推廣應(yīng)用。
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