国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

FK1706促進(jìn)外周神經(jīng)旁路移植術(shù)后大鼠神經(jīng)再生的研究

2018-08-29 11:00肖毓華徐杰李鋆
中國醫(yī)學(xué)創(chuàng)新 2018年13期

肖毓華 徐杰 李鋆

【摘要】 目的:探究在大鼠神經(jīng)旁路移植術(shù)后應(yīng)用FK1706對促進(jìn)神經(jīng)再生的作用。方法:SD雄性成年大鼠20只,隨機(jī)分成兩組,每組10只,行左坐骨神經(jīng)開窗離斷-自體橈神經(jīng)旁路移植術(shù)。實(shí)驗(yàn)組(FK1706組)術(shù)后即日開始連續(xù)8周左下肢局部肌注FK1706(0.32 mg/kg),對照組做空白對照。8周后行左側(cè)坐骨神經(jīng)電生理監(jiān)測、左腓腸肌肌肉濕重及肌纖維橫截面積測定。結(jié)果:8周后,實(shí)驗(yàn)組的CAMP波幅高于對照組,MNCV快于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。實(shí)驗(yàn)組的腓腸肌濕重及肌纖維面積均高于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。兩組的近端有髓神經(jīng)纖維數(shù)比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),實(shí)驗(yàn)組遠(yuǎn)端有髓神經(jīng)纖維數(shù)、纖維橫截面積均明顯優(yōu)于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。結(jié)論:大鼠神經(jīng)旁路移植術(shù)后應(yīng)用FK1706能夠移植神經(jīng)再生。

【關(guān)鍵詞】 FK1706; 自體神經(jīng)移植; 神經(jīng)再生

Study on Effect of FK1706 to Accelerate Neuroregeneration after Nerve Bypass Grafting Surgery/XIAO Yuhua,XU Jie,LI Jun.//Medical Innovation of China,2018,15(13):023-026

【Abstract】 Objective:To investigate the effects of FK1706 to neuroregeneration after nerve bypass grafting.Method:20 adult male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups,10 cases in each group,the left sciatic nerve fenestration and autologous radial nerve bypass grafting was performed.In the experimental group,F(xiàn)K1706(0.32 mg/kg) was injected into the left lower extremities for 8 weeks immediately after the operation,the control group was made blank control.After 8 weeks,the electrophysiological monitoring of the left sciatic nerve,the wet weight of the left gastrocnemius muscle and the cross section of the muscle fiber were measured.Result:After 8 weeks,the amplitude of CAMP in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group,MNCV was faster than that of control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01).The wet weight and fiber area of gastrocnemius in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the number of myelinated nerve fibers between the two groups(P>0.05),the number and cross-sectional area of distal myelinated nerve fibers in the experimental group were significantly better than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01).Conclusion:The effects of FK1706 to accelerate neuroregeneration after nerve bypass grafting surgery is siginicant.

【Key words】 FK1706; Autogenous nerve transplantation; Neuroregeneration

First-authors address:Fujian Provincial Hospital,F(xiàn)uzhou 350001,China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2018.13.006

神經(jīng)旁路移植術(shù)在臨床上可用于治療有神經(jīng)瘤生成的周圍神經(jīng)損傷,該手術(shù)方式既保留了神經(jīng)原有的功能,還增加了動(dòng)力神經(jīng)[1]。實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)道肯定了神經(jīng)旁路移植術(shù)后移植神經(jīng)再生的現(xiàn)象。臨床上周圍神經(jīng)再生速度1~2 mm/d,修復(fù)效果欠佳,因此,希望找到一種促進(jìn)神經(jīng)再生且副作用小的藥物。

已被FDA認(rèn)證的FK506是一種免疫抑制性藥物[2]。FK506在廣泛應(yīng)用于器官移植后免疫抑制的領(lǐng)域中發(fā)現(xiàn)其具有促進(jìn)神經(jīng)生長的作用[3],但FK506本身對人體組織器官具有強(qiáng)效免疫抑制作用,這大大局限了FK506在神經(jīng)損傷后治療作用。FK1706作為FK506的衍生物在2005年首先被報(bào)道[4],其保留了促神經(jīng)生長的作用,很大程度上弱化了FK506的免疫抑制作用。有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,F(xiàn)K1706能夠促進(jìn)軸突再生的基因轉(zhuǎn)錄和表達(dá)[5]。本研究建立大鼠坐骨神經(jīng)損傷模型,肌注FK1706藥物進(jìn)行干預(yù),以評(píng)價(jià)其促進(jìn)神經(jīng)再生的作用。

1 材料與方法

1.1 試劑與器材 FK1706:南京大學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室合成;二甲基亞砜(DMSO):日本sigma-D2650;電子分析天平:Sartorius-BS224S,精度為0.1 mg;透射電子顯微鏡:PHILIPS EM208;光學(xué)顯微鏡:Olympus,日本;超薄切片機(jī):Leica UC-6型;游標(biāo)卡尺:上海量具廠;肌電/誘發(fā)電位儀:Keypoint,美國Medtronic公司;手術(shù)顯微鏡:SXP-1B型,上海醫(yī)用光學(xué)儀器廠;顯微手術(shù)器械:SFZ-967,上海手術(shù)器械分廠。藥液配置:電子分析天平準(zhǔn)確稱量FK1706粉劑0.056 0 g,充分溶解于56 mL DMSO,移液管移入試劑瓶中,標(biāo)記為FK1706溶液,存于4 ℃冰箱備用。

1.2 模型制備 腹腔麻醉[2.5%苯巴比妥鈉

(40 mg/kg)]大鼠后,體位取平臥位,有效固定,備皮消毒鋪巾,取8 mm左側(cè)橈神經(jīng)備用。大鼠體位轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦┡P位,有效固定,在大鼠左大腿做一縱向切口,逐層進(jìn)入分離組織,見坐骨神經(jīng)。持針鉗于顯微鏡下鉗夾其神經(jīng)干10 s,鏡下確認(rèn)完全離斷神經(jīng)干,僅有外膜相連。于鉗夾點(diǎn)兩端3 mm處外膜上分別開一1.5 mm直徑的窗口,將自體橈神經(jīng)與兩側(cè)窗口行端側(cè)吻合,確定無活動(dòng)性出血后逐層縫合。神經(jīng)旁路移植模型見圖1。

1.3 實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物分組與藥物干預(yù) 苦味酸標(biāo)記雄性健康成年SD大鼠20只,200~250 g/只(由福建醫(yī)科大學(xué)動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)中心提供)。隨機(jī)分為實(shí)驗(yàn)組、對照組,每組10只。大鼠由專人飼養(yǎng),研究過程中對大鼠的處置符合2006年科技部發(fā)布的《關(guān)于善待實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物的指導(dǎo)性意見的要求》[6]。實(shí)驗(yàn)組大鼠左側(cè)大腿肌注0.32 mg/kg的FK1706試劑,連續(xù)8周(含術(shù)日),1次/d。對照組空白,正常喂養(yǎng)。

1.4 觀察指標(biāo) (1)坐骨神經(jīng)電生理監(jiān)測:8周后對大鼠左下肢進(jìn)行電生理監(jiān)測。行腹腔麻醉[2.5%苯巴比妥鈉(40 mg/kg)]后,取平臥位,固定后術(shù)區(qū)消毒鋪巾,逐層進(jìn)入,暴露坐骨神經(jīng),分離腓腸肌。記錄電極插入腓腸肌肌腹,接地電極連接大鼠尾部。于坐骨神經(jīng)端側(cè)吻合口近端坐骨結(jié)節(jié)水平(P點(diǎn))和遠(yuǎn)端神經(jīng)分支處(D點(diǎn))放置平行電極(兩極間距固定為2 mm),進(jìn)行重頻電刺激(電流10 mA),記錄復(fù)合運(yùn)動(dòng)動(dòng)作電位(CMAP)及其波幅,測量電極間距,計(jì)算運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)速度(MNCV)。MNCV=兩次電極間距/動(dòng)作電位潛伏期差值。電生理監(jiān)測過程中用生理鹽水保持肌肉濕潤,在室溫28 ℃下進(jìn)行。(2)腓腸肌濕重及肌纖維面積:完整分離大鼠左側(cè)腓腸肌,修潔去除表面結(jié)構(gòu),立即置于電子分析天平上,測量肌肉濕重。稱重后的腓腸肌用10%的福爾馬林固定,脫水、石蠟包埋,在標(biāo)本的最大橫徑作5 ?m厚的切片,HE染色后制片。在40倍目鏡、0.70 ?m/象數(shù)下測定肌纖維橫截面積。(3)有髓神經(jīng)纖維數(shù)及截面積:分別于坐骨神經(jīng)兩端吻合口3 mm處取材(2~3 mm)。以10%的福爾馬林固定,制片0.5 ?m后HE染色。在400倍光鏡下,統(tǒng)計(jì)有髓神經(jīng)纖維數(shù)量。在40倍目鏡TJTY-300圖像分析儀、定標(biāo)值為0.38 ?m/象數(shù)的條件下測量神經(jīng)纖維橫截面積。作1條過視野中心的直線,測定該直線上神經(jīng)纖維的橫截面積。

1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 17.0分析數(shù)據(jù),計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 一般情況 麻醉意外死亡2只,及時(shí)進(jìn)行了補(bǔ)充。實(shí)驗(yàn)期間各組大鼠一般情況可。

2.2 兩組坐骨神經(jīng)電生理監(jiān)測結(jié)果對比 8周后,實(shí)驗(yàn)組的CAMP波幅高于對照組,MNCV快于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),見表1。

2.3 兩組腓腸肌濕重及肌纖維橫截面積對比 8周后,實(shí)驗(yàn)組肌肉濕重(753.54±105.91)mg,重于對照組(598.02±65.02)mg,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=3.957,P<0.05)。實(shí)驗(yàn)組腓腸肌肌纖維橫截面積(246.55±50.41)μm2,大于對照組的(178.90±33.59)μm2,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=3.532,P<0.05)。

2.4 兩組有髓神經(jīng)纖維數(shù)與橫截面積比較 兩組的近端有髓神經(jīng)纖維數(shù)比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);試驗(yàn)組遠(yuǎn)端有髓神經(jīng)纖維數(shù)、神經(jīng)纖維橫截面積明顯大于對照組(P<0.01),見表2。

3 討論

周圍神經(jīng)完全或不完全損傷后,諸多因素影響其功能恢復(fù),例如年齡、損傷類型、程度、平面、修復(fù)時(shí)機(jī)、手段及康復(fù)訓(xùn)練等[7-8]。影響因素中最重要的是神經(jīng)損傷到行神經(jīng)修復(fù)的時(shí)間。由于神經(jīng)損傷,肌肉失去神經(jīng)支配,去神經(jīng)化超過一定的時(shí)間后,運(yùn)動(dòng)終板功能將不可逆破壞及導(dǎo)致不同程度的肌肉萎縮[8]。Sunderland等[9]報(bào)道肌肉去神經(jīng)化時(shí)間長短與神經(jīng)肌肉功能恢復(fù)程度相關(guān)。目前臨床上治療周圍神經(jīng)損傷普遍采用神經(jīng)修復(fù)、神經(jīng)移植和應(yīng)用促神經(jīng)生長藥物等[10-11]。但由于神經(jīng)再生速度緩慢[8,12],如何加快神經(jīng)再生速度及修復(fù)其結(jié)構(gòu)成為臨床研究的熱點(diǎn)。

目前治療周圍神經(jīng)損傷常用的方法是自體神經(jīng)端端吻合和端側(cè)吻合移植[13]。文獻(xiàn)[14-16]分別在治療面癱和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究中驗(yàn)證了神經(jīng)端側(cè)吻合具有一定應(yīng)用前景。本實(shí)驗(yàn)采用的移植方法略不同于普通的端側(cè)吻合,動(dòng)力神經(jīng)取自游離的自體橈神經(jīng),損傷神經(jīng)與動(dòng)力神經(jīng)兩端進(jìn)行端側(cè)吻合。旁路神經(jīng)移植術(shù)后應(yīng)用FK1706試劑,明顯改善了損傷的神經(jīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)和再生修復(fù)。

FK1706是FK506的衍生物,F(xiàn)K506可以表現(xiàn)出長期的加速神經(jīng)生長、再生的作用[17],但具有強(qiáng)效免疫抑制作用。Price等[18]通過實(shí)驗(yàn)改變FK506的效應(yīng)區(qū),合成了FK1706,保留了FK506促進(jìn)神經(jīng)再生作用的同時(shí),極大的減弱了免疫抑制作用,使之具有良好的應(yīng)用前景。文獻(xiàn)[19]報(bào)道,F(xiàn)K1706促進(jìn)神經(jīng)生長可能是通過與FKBP-52結(jié)合并激活MAPK信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)通路,刺激神經(jīng)生長因子(NGF)介導(dǎo)的軸突生長來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。FK1706不僅呈現(xiàn)劑量依賴性的促進(jìn)神經(jīng)再生作用,還具有良好的治療窗。Yamaji等[19]通過實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)對于脊髓受損的大鼠,延遲1周后進(jìn)行FK1706干預(yù),仍然能夠促進(jìn)神經(jīng)再生。FK1706的治療時(shí)間窗迎合了臨床治療的需要。

本實(shí)驗(yàn)觀察到8周后實(shí)驗(yàn)組CMAP的波幅、MNCV傳導(dǎo)速度、腓腸肌濕重截面積、遠(yuǎn)端有髓神經(jīng)纖維數(shù)均優(yōu)于對照組(P<0.05),這表明實(shí)驗(yàn)組對改善神經(jīng)損傷程度明顯優(yōu)于對照組。

在實(shí)驗(yàn)對象的選擇上,本研究考慮到性激素對神經(jīng)再生會(huì)產(chǎn)生影響,故全部采用了成年健康雄性SD大鼠,消除實(shí)驗(yàn)干擾。Koeing對黃體酮和雌雄性大鼠的建模支持這觀點(diǎn)[20-22]。

在實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)P偷倪x擇上,大鼠坐骨神經(jīng)干較粗且走形于大腿中上1/3部分沒有分支,并且可容易進(jìn)行顯微操作,因此周圍神經(jīng)損傷和修復(fù)的研究常選用此模型[23]。

在評(píng)價(jià)神經(jīng)損傷后恢復(fù)和再生的指標(biāo)選擇上,電生理和組織學(xué)檢查最為常用。電生理監(jiān)測包含波幅和傳導(dǎo)速度等項(xiàng)目。電生理檢查能用于判斷神經(jīng)再生,評(píng)價(jià)其手術(shù)后療效及功能恢復(fù)情況。波幅體現(xiàn)出了神經(jīng)纖維的數(shù)目和同步興奮的程度。神經(jīng)纖維較成熟且同步興奮度較高,波形規(guī)則且波幅較大。神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)速度反映了沖動(dòng)的傳導(dǎo)能力,當(dāng)受損神經(jīng)開始修復(fù)時(shí),隨著軸突、髓鞘的形成,神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)速度加快[24]。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),實(shí)驗(yàn)組CMAP的波幅更大,MNCV更快,提示FK1706能夠促進(jìn)神經(jīng)再生。

對神經(jīng)肌肉進(jìn)行組織學(xué)檢查可以直接觀察其的形態(tài)學(xué)特征。對肌肉進(jìn)行HE染色制片,可以觀察基本結(jié)構(gòu)、肌纖維及肌肉的萎縮程度,以此判斷去神經(jīng)化情況。透射電鏡下測量髓鞘的各項(xiàng)參數(shù),由此可反映出神經(jīng)再生的情況。實(shí)驗(yàn)組神經(jīng)纖維數(shù)、神經(jīng)纖維橫截面積均大于對照組(P<0.05)。因此,筆者推論:FK1706較對照組對神經(jīng)再生有著改善作用。

本實(shí)驗(yàn)研究證實(shí)了,F(xiàn)K1706對神經(jīng)旁路移植術(shù)后大鼠神經(jīng)CMAP、MNCV、腓腸肌濕重和截面積、有髓神經(jīng)纖維數(shù)、再生髓鞘厚度、再生軸突直徑比具有改善作用,F(xiàn)K1706具有促進(jìn)神經(jīng)旁路移植術(shù)后再生神經(jīng)的作用[25-26]。

感謝福建省立醫(yī)院骨二科在撰寫論文方面的幫助,感謝福建省立醫(yī)院科研科全體老師的關(guān)懷,感謝福建醫(yī)科大學(xué)動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)中心在實(shí)驗(yàn)方面給予的大力支持。

參考文獻(xiàn)

[1] Dubermard J M,Owen E,Hervberg G,et al.Human Hand allograft:Report on first 6 month[J]Lancet,1999.353(9161):1315-1320.

[2] Kino T,Hatanaka H,Miyata S,et al.FK-506,a novel immunosuppressant isolated from a Streptomyces:Ⅱ.Immunosuppressive effect of FK-506 in vitro[J].J Antibiot(Tokyo),1987,40(9):1256-1265.

[3] Fansa H,Keilhoff G,Horn T,et al.Stimulation of Schwann cell growth and axon regeneration of peripheral nerves by the immunosuppressive drug FK 506[J].Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir,1999,31(5):323-329.

[4] Price R D,Yamaji T,Yamamoto H,et al.FK1706,a novel non-immunosuppressive immunophilin:neurotrophic activity and mechanism of action[J].European Journal of Pharmacology,2005,509(1):11-19.

[5] Yamazaki S,Yamaji T,Murai N,et al.FK1706,a novel nonimmunosuppressive immunophilin ligand ,modifies the course of painful diabetic Neuropathy[J].Neuropharmacology,2008,55(7):1226-1230.

[6]科技部.關(guān)于善待實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物的指導(dǎo)性意見[S].[2011-07-09].http://wenku.baidu.com/view/c4042a8a84868762caaed585.html,2006.

[7] Gutmann E,Guttmann L,Medawar P B,et al.The rate of regernation of nerve[J].Journal of Experimental Biology,1942,19(1):14-44.

[8] Goto T,Kinn T,Hatanaka H,et al.Discovery of FK-506,a novel immunosuppression isolated from Strepomyccs tsukubaeusis[C].Transplantation Proceedings,1987,19(5 suppl 6):4.

[9] Sunderland S.A classification of peripheral nerve injuries producing loss of function[J].Brain,1951,74(4):491-516.

[10] Costantini L C,Isacson O.Immunophilin ligands and GDNF enhance neurite branching or elongation from developing dopamine neurons in culture[J].Experimental Neurology,2000,164(1):60-70.

[11] Navarro X,Udina E,Ceballos D,et al.Effects of FK506 on nerve regeneration and reinnervation after graft or tube repair of long nerve gaps[J].Muscle Onerve,2001,24(7):905-915.

[12] Seckel B R,Ryan S E,Simons J E,et al.Vascularized versus nonvascularized nerve grafts:an experimental structural comparison[J].Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,1986,78(2):211-220.

[13] Beris A,Lykissas M,Korompilias A,et al.End-to-side nerve repair in peripheral nerve injury[J].Journal of Neurotrauma,2007,24(5):909-916.

[14] Ballance C A,Ballance H A,Stewart P.Remarks on the operative treatment of chronic facial palsy of peripheral origin[J].British Medical Journal,1903,1(2209):1009.

[15] Viterbo F.A new method for treatment of facial palsy:the Cross-Face Nerve transplantation with end-to-side neurorraphy[J].Rev Soc Bras Cir Plast Estet Reconstr,1993,8(1):2.

[16] Viterbo F,F(xiàn)ranciosi L F,Palhares A.Nerve graftings and end-to-side neurorrhaphies connecting the phrenic nerve to the brachial plexus[J].Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,1995,96(2):494.

[17] Yan Y,Sun H H,Hunter D A,et al.Efficay of short-term FK506 adminstration on accelerating nerve regeneration[J].Neuroehabilitation and Neural Repair,2012,26(6):570-580.

[18] Price R D,Yamaji T,Yamamoto H,et al.FK1706,a novel nonimmunosuppressive immunophilin:neurotrophic activity and mechanism of action[J].European Journal of Pharmacology,2005,509(1):11-19.

[19] Yamaji T,Yamazaki S,Li J,et al.FK1706,a novel immunosuppressant neurophilin ligand,ameliorates dysfunction following spinal cord injury through itsneurogenerative action[J].European Journal of Pharmacology,2008,591(1):147-152.

[20] Schafer M,F(xiàn)ruttiger M,Montag D,et al.Disruption of Gene for the Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein Improve Axonal Regrowth along Myelin in C57BL/Wlds Mice[J].Neuron,1996,16(6):1107-1113.

[21] Koenig H L,Schumacher M,F(xiàn)erzaz B,et al.Progesterone synthesis and myelin formation by Schwann cells[J].Science,1995,268(5216):1500-1503.

[22] Koenig H L,Gong W H,Pelissier P.Role of progesterone in peripheral nerve repair[J].Reviews of Reproduction,2000,5(3):189-199.

[23]徐建廣,顧玉東.大鼠坐骨神經(jīng)顯微解剖及其意義[J].上海醫(yī)學(xué),1999,22(3):154-156.

[24]劉志雄,張伯勛.周圍神經(jīng)外科學(xué)[M].北京:北京科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社,2004:57.

[25]高宛生,李云龍,何翔飛,等.FK1706對脊髓損傷大鼠神經(jīng)再生和膀胱功能的修復(fù)作用[J].中華實(shí)驗(yàn)外科雜志,2017,34(9):1526-1528.

[26]李仁斌,徐杰,尹曉明,等.神經(jīng)旁路移植促進(jìn)神經(jīng)再生的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[J].福建醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2003,37(3):280-282.

(收稿日期:2018-01-24) (本文編輯:張爽)