A位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性與宮頸癌易感性的關(guān)系。方法檢索PubMed、Embase、WebofSCI、中國(guó)知網(wǎng)及萬(wàn)方數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中從建庫(kù)至2018年3月有關(guān)IL-10基因-592C>A位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性與宮頸癌易感性相關(guān)研究的文獻(xiàn)。對(duì)符合納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行資料提取后,"/>
郭沖 張志軍
[摘要] 目的 研究白細(xì)胞介素-10(IL-10)基因啟動(dòng)子區(qū)-592C>A位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性與宮頸癌易感性的關(guān)系。 方法 檢索PubMed、Embase、Web of SCI、中國(guó)知網(wǎng)及萬(wàn)方數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中從建庫(kù)至2018年3月有關(guān)IL-10基因-592C>A位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性與宮頸癌易感性相關(guān)研究的文獻(xiàn)。對(duì)符合納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行資料提取后,以O(shè)R值和95%可信區(qū)間為效應(yīng)指標(biāo),應(yīng)用STATA 14.0軟件進(jìn)行Meta分析,并對(duì)發(fā)表發(fā)生偏倚、敏感性和累積分析等進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。 結(jié)果 共納入10篇已發(fā)表文獻(xiàn),共計(jì)3149例宮頸癌患者和2237例正常對(duì)照。Meta分析結(jié)果表明:在總?cè)巳褐校琁L-10基因-592C>A位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性與宮頸癌易感性之間沒(méi)有顯著的關(guān)聯(lián)。在其后的針對(duì)多個(gè)因素的亞組分析中,IL-10基因-592C>A位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性與歐洲人群宮頸癌發(fā)生有顯著的相關(guān)性(P < 0.05)。 結(jié)論 IL-10基因-592C>A位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性改變可能會(huì)增加歐洲人群罹患宮頸癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 宮頸癌;白細(xì)胞介素-10;多態(tài)性;Meta分析
[中圖分類號(hào)] R737.33 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2018)06(b)-0089-06
[Abstract] Objective To study the association between -592C>A polymorphism within gene promoter region of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and susceptibility of cervical cancer. Methods The relevant literatures about -592C>A polymorphism within gene promoter region of IL-10 and susceptibility of cervical cancer of PubMed, Embase, Web of SCI, CNKI and Wanfang from inception to March 2018 were searched. After the data of literatures met with inclusion criteria was extracted, taking OR value and 95% confidence interval as effect indicators, STATA 14.0 software was used to make meta analysis, and the occurrence of bias, sensibility, accumulation analysis were detected. Results Ten published studies including 3149 patients with cervical cancer and 2237 normal controls were enrolled. The results of meta analysis showed that in the total population, no significant association between IL-10 -592C>A polymorphism and susceptibility of cervical cancer was found. After that, the subgroup analysis aiming at multiple factors showed that -592C>A polymorphism within gene promoter region of IL-10 had significant correlation with the occurrence of cervical cancer in European (P < 0.05). Conclusion The changes of -592C>A polymorphism within IL-10 gene may increase the risk of suffering from cervical cancer in European.
[Key words] Cervical cancer; Interleukin-10; Polymorphism; Meta analysis
宮頸癌是女性常見(jiàn)惡性腫瘤之一,臨床發(fā)病率較高,位居女性惡性腫瘤的第2位,占總體女性癌癥總數(shù)和癌癥死亡人數(shù)的8%左右[1-4]。研究表明,細(xì)胞因子在上皮細(xì)胞的炎癥浸潤(rùn)和惡性轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)程中起著關(guān)鍵作用[5-6]。白細(xì)胞介素-10(IL-10)主要由T型細(xì)胞(Th2細(xì)胞)、單核細(xì)胞/巨噬細(xì)胞、角質(zhì)形成細(xì)胞和腫瘤細(xì)胞等分泌,同時(shí)發(fā)揮了促癌(免疫抑制)和抑癌(抗血管生成)效應(yīng)[7-8]。單核苷酸多態(tài)性是人類基因組中最常見(jiàn)的遺傳變異之一,占基因組變異總量的90%以上。IL-10基因位于染色體1q31-32,包含5個(gè)外顯子和4個(gè)內(nèi)含子,編碼178個(gè)氨基酸[9]。IL-10-592C>A(rs1800872)位點(diǎn)中堿基序列的改變,可能引發(fā)啟動(dòng)子與靶蛋白的結(jié)合活性,影響DNA的轉(zhuǎn)錄進(jìn)程,改變IL-10 mRNA的產(chǎn)量,導(dǎo)致下游IL-10蛋白的表達(dá)異常,疾病易感性發(fā)生改變。自2002年起,Roh等[10]相繼開(kāi)展了多項(xiàng)病例-對(duì)照研究,探討IL-10基因-592C>A位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性與婦女中宮頸癌發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的關(guān)系,然而其研究結(jié)論并不一致。本研究擬通過(guò)運(yùn)用Meta分析的研究方法,收集既往已經(jīng)發(fā)表的文獻(xiàn),對(duì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行綜合分析,研究IL-10基因-592C>A突變是否與宮頸癌的發(fā)生具有相關(guān)性。
1 資料與方法
1.1 檢索策略
在線檢索PubMed、Embase、Web of SCI、中國(guó)知網(wǎng)和萬(wàn)方數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),收集國(guó)內(nèi)外公開(kāi)發(fā)表的關(guān)于IL-10-592C>A多態(tài)性與宮頸癌發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相關(guān)性的病例-對(duì)照研究,檢索時(shí)限均為自建庫(kù)至2018年3月,中文檢索詞包括“宮頸癌”“白細(xì)胞介素10”“多態(tài)性”;英文檢索詞包括“cervical cancer”“interleukin-10”“IL-10”“rs1800872”“polymorphisms”,并運(yùn)用論文追溯法查詢已發(fā)表論文的相關(guān)引文,避免漏檢。
1.2 納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
本研究運(yùn)用循證醫(yī)學(xué)PICO原則,納入數(shù)據(jù)的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)必須滿足的條件包括:①文獻(xiàn)來(lái)自于國(guó)內(nèi)外雜志公開(kāi)發(fā)表的關(guān)于宮頸癌的發(fā)生與IL-10基因-592C>A位點(diǎn)突變相關(guān)的病例-對(duì)照研究,文獻(xiàn)語(yǔ)種主要為中文和英文;②納入文獻(xiàn)中包含的研究數(shù)據(jù)完整,或者可以通過(guò)文字提供的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行推導(dǎo)演算;③關(guān)于同一研究主題或是研究數(shù)據(jù)多次發(fā)表時(shí),以最新或者是最大數(shù)據(jù)為準(zhǔn)。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①非中英文的文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道;②病例報(bào)道、綜述、動(dòng)物及細(xì)胞學(xué)基礎(chǔ)研究;③數(shù)據(jù)不完整或無(wú)法演算出OR及95%可信區(qū)間(CI)。
1.3 數(shù)據(jù)錄入及質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)
獨(dú)立提取每篇納入本次Meta分析的研究論文中的研究數(shù)據(jù),并通過(guò)交叉進(jìn)行核對(duì),遇到不一致時(shí),通過(guò)論文核查,相互探討以解決。錄入數(shù)據(jù)包括發(fā)表文獻(xiàn)第一作者、發(fā)表文獻(xiàn)年份、對(duì)照組人群的組織來(lái)源、研究對(duì)象來(lái)自的國(guó)家(以及人種)、研究位點(diǎn)的三種基因型數(shù)據(jù)、各基因位點(diǎn)的檢測(cè)方法、對(duì)照組人群的基因分析數(shù)據(jù)是否符合哈德-溫伯格平衡(Hard-Weinberg equilibrium,HWE)。應(yīng)用紐卡斯?fàn)?渥太華量表(NOS)對(duì)每項(xiàng)納入的原始研究的質(zhì)量進(jìn)行分析評(píng)價(jià),評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果>6分的即認(rèn)為是高質(zhì)量研究。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
OR值和95%CI被用于評(píng)估IL-10基因-592C>A突變和宮頸癌的相關(guān)性,5種等位基因模型包括等位基因模型(A vs. C)、共顯性模型(CA vs. CC和AA vs. CC)、顯性模型(CA+AA vs. CC)和隱性模型(AA vs. CC+CA),逐一計(jì)算,結(jié)合對(duì)照組人群的組織來(lái)源和人種等因素進(jìn)行亞組分析。檢驗(yàn)被用于評(píng)估組間異質(zhì)性,若I2 < 40%,則認(rèn)為Meta分析的文獻(xiàn)同質(zhì)性較好,采用固定效應(yīng)模型,反之使用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型。發(fā)表偏倚分布使用Egger檢驗(yàn)和Begg檢驗(yàn)計(jì)算。Egger敏感性分析以及積累效應(yīng)分析用于統(tǒng)計(jì)納入各研究的一致性及統(tǒng)計(jì)趨勢(shì)。統(tǒng)計(jì)采用STATA 14.0軟件,以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 文獻(xiàn)檢索結(jié)果
通過(guò)在線檢索,共發(fā)現(xiàn)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)164篇,依據(jù)納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn),經(jīng)過(guò)逐步排除后,納入10篇文[10-19],包括3149例宮頸癌患者和2237例正常對(duì)照,其中6項(xiàng)研究來(lái)自于亞洲人群[10,13-16,19],4項(xiàng)研究來(lái)自歐洲人群[11-12,17-18]。基因分型的檢測(cè)手段包括TaqMan、ARMS-PCR、PCR-RFLP和Multiplex PCR技術(shù)。僅有1項(xiàng)研究偏離HWE[17]。見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 Meta分析結(jié)果
表2結(jié)果表明,IL-10基因-592C>A多態(tài)性和宮頸癌的易感性之間無(wú)顯著的相關(guān)關(guān)系(P > 0.05)???cè)藬?shù)AA vs. CC模型森林圖見(jiàn)圖1。在其后的亞組分析中,統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果表明,IL-10基因-592C>A多態(tài)性和歐洲人群宮頸癌的發(fā)生有顯著的相關(guān)性(P < 0.05)。此外,納入的10篇研究中,有3篇的質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)分?jǐn)?shù)>6分,其余7項(xiàng)研究的質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)分?jǐn)?shù)≤6分。見(jiàn)表1。
2.3 發(fā)表偏倚
各基因型所示漏斗圖表明,納入的研究分布對(duì)稱,無(wú)偏倚存。Egger檢測(cè)結(jié)果也進(jìn)行了證實(shí)[A vs. C:P = 0.96;CA vs. CC:P = 0.63;AA vs. CC:P = 0.58(圖2);CA+AA vs. CC:P = 0.82;AA vs. CC+CA:P = 0.34]。
2.4 積累效應(yīng)分析和敏感性分析
通過(guò)將所有納入研究依據(jù)發(fā)表年代,進(jìn)行積累效應(yīng)分析表明,統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果未見(jiàn)明顯的波動(dòng)和偏倚(圖3)。此外,依據(jù)納入文獻(xiàn)的發(fā)表時(shí)間先后,逐個(gè)刪除,進(jìn)行敏感性分析(圖4)。計(jì)算表明,納入的研究在依據(jù)發(fā)表年份逐一排除后,OR值及95%CI在各個(gè)基因分析模型中均未發(fā)生明顯的改變。
3 討論
近30年來(lái)分子流行病學(xué)已經(jīng)證實(shí),宮頸癌以及各種婦科腫瘤的發(fā)生是多種致病因素相互作用的結(jié)果,如環(huán)境因素的惡化、不潔生活習(xí)慣等。個(gè)體基因組學(xué)的突變是導(dǎo)致人群差異及多樣性的重要因素,也是腫瘤易感性差異化的重要原因[20]。炎癥細(xì)胞因子在組織細(xì)胞由正常上皮向惡性腫瘤的轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)程中起重要作用,這些細(xì)胞因子通過(guò)誘導(dǎo)血管生成、代償性細(xì)胞增殖、DNA損傷或基因突變的積累等途徑促進(jìn)這一過(guò)程的發(fā)生?;蛲蛔?,特別是啟動(dòng)子區(qū)的多態(tài)性,影響基因轉(zhuǎn)錄的過(guò)程,導(dǎo)致相應(yīng)基因的異常表達(dá)和表達(dá)蛋白的失活。這些突變也會(huì)影響個(gè)體對(duì)癌癥的易感性[21]。
2002年以來(lái),大量的分子流行病學(xué)病例-對(duì)照研究開(kāi)始關(guān)注于IL-10基因-592C>A多態(tài)性位點(diǎn)與宮頸癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間的關(guān)系。Zoodsma等[11]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在印度人群中,與CC基因型相比,CA和CA+AA模型人群可顯著提高宮頸癌發(fā)展的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(CA vs. CC:OR = 1.36, 95%CI = 1.07~1.73;CA+AA vs. CC:OR = 1.34,95%CI = 1.06~1.69。于曉牧等[14]和Torres-Poveda等[18]研究也同樣發(fā)現(xiàn)IL-10基因-592C>A多態(tài)性可能會(huì)增加罹患宮頸癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。然而,Ivansson等[12]和Zidi等[17]研究卻未能發(fā)現(xiàn)該位點(diǎn)的突變與宮頸癌的發(fā)生之間具有顯著的相關(guān)性。基于以上研究的不一致性,本研究運(yùn)用Meta分析方法,通過(guò)對(duì)關(guān)于IL-10基因-592C>A位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性及宮頸癌相關(guān)性研究系統(tǒng)地檢索,科學(xué)地篩查,全面地收集相關(guān)證據(jù),匯總并分析評(píng)價(jià)其合并效應(yīng)量,以期獲得較為準(zhǔn)確的結(jié)論。
本Meta分析納入10個(gè)病例-對(duì)照研究,共計(jì)3149例宮頸癌患者和2237例正常對(duì)照,涵蓋歐洲及亞洲,并且在亞組分析中,從納入研究的HWE平衡、人種差異、對(duì)照組來(lái)源等多種因素進(jìn)行展開(kāi),以期更加細(xì)致地分析二者之間的相關(guān)性。此外,本Meta分析仍然存在一定的不足:①總體納入研究數(shù)據(jù)相對(duì)較少,特別是針對(duì)歐洲人群及非洲人群,進(jìn)而增加研究結(jié)果的不確定性的風(fēng)險(xiǎn);②僅限于-592C>G位點(diǎn),同一基因啟動(dòng)子區(qū),以及其他區(qū)位的多態(tài)性位點(diǎn)未能深入研究;③囿于數(shù)據(jù)的不足,煙酒史等危險(xiǎn)因素的統(tǒng)計(jì)未能充分展開(kāi),環(huán)境-基因交互作用未能得到清晰的解析。
綜上所述,本Meta分析提示,IL-10基因-592C>A位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性改變可能會(huì)增加罹患宮頸癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),特別是與歐洲人群宮頸癌的易感性有顯著的關(guān)聯(lián)。但是該結(jié)論尚需進(jìn)一步開(kāi)展大樣本、高質(zhì)量的研究加以驗(yàn)證,以明確IL-10基因-592C>A位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性與宮頸癌的相互關(guān)系。
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