孫 章

(同濟(jì)大學(xué)《城市軌道交通研究》主編，教授)

8月12日23時(shí)04分，一塊被大風(fēng)刮起的彩鋼板擊中京滬高鐵G40次列車，造成列車和多處供電設(shè)備被砸壞，接觸網(wǎng)跳閘，列車自動(dòng)緊急制動(dòng)。經(jīng)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)勘查，造成這次事故的是高鐵沿線的一處臨建民房的彩鋼板，長(zhǎng)52 m、寬7 m，被6級(jí)大風(fēng)整體吹起，掉落在線路和接觸網(wǎng)上。受此次事故影響，部分列車晚點(diǎn)6 h以上，北京南站13日和14日共有46趟到發(fā)列車停運(yùn)。這次事故雖然沒(méi)有造成人員傷亡，但給廣大旅客和鐵路運(yùn)輸帶來(lái)了很大傷害。

為加強(qiáng)鐵路安全管理、保障鐵路運(yùn)輸安全和暢通、保護(hù)人身和財(cái)產(chǎn)安全而制定的《鐵路安全管理?xiàng)l例》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱《條例》)，經(jīng)國(guó)務(wù)院常務(wù)會(huì)議通過(guò)，2013年8月17日李克強(qiáng)總理簽發(fā)國(guó)務(wù)院第639號(hào)令，自2014年1月1日起施行。

近幾年來(lái)，由于氣候變暖，惡劣氣象、極端天氣時(shí)有發(fā)生，加上人們的不當(dāng)行為，彩鋼房瓦片、上跨電力線、風(fēng)箏、無(wú)人機(jī)、氣球、石塊、垃圾等異物入侵而擾亂、破壞高鐵運(yùn)輸?shù)氖录矣兴?。為防止路外異物的入侵，《條例》第27條規(guī)定：鐵路線路兩側(cè)應(yīng)當(dāng)設(shè)立鐵路線路安全保護(hù)區(qū)。保護(hù)區(qū)的范圍為：城市市區(qū)高鐵線路兩側(cè)向外10 m，其他地區(qū)高鐵線路兩側(cè)向外20 m。

如果造成這次事故的彩鋼板來(lái)自20 m以外的臨建民房，對(duì)此,《條例》也有明文規(guī)定：前款規(guī)定距離不能滿足鐵路運(yùn)輸安全保護(hù)需要的，由鐵路建設(shè)單位或者鐵路運(yùn)輸企業(yè)提出方案，鐵路監(jiān)督管理機(jī)構(gòu)或者縣級(jí)以上地方人民政府依照本條第三款規(guī)定程序劃定。

假定這塊彩鋼板來(lái)自50 m外的民房，是否有必要將高鐵線路安全保護(hù)區(qū)的范圍擴(kuò)大到線路外側(cè)50 m、甚至500 m？

其實(shí)，《條例》第53條已有規(guī)定：禁止實(shí)施下列危害電氣化鐵路(高鐵也是電氣化鐵路的一種——筆者注)設(shè)施的行為：①向電氣化鐵路接觸網(wǎng)拋擲物品；②在鐵路電力線路導(dǎo)線兩側(cè)各500 m的范圍內(nèi)升放風(fēng)箏、氣球等低空飄浮物體；③攀登鐵路電力線路桿塔或者在桿塔上架設(shè)、安裝其他設(shè)施設(shè)備；④在鐵路電力線路桿塔、拉線周圍20 m范圍內(nèi)取土、打樁、鉆探或者傾倒有害化學(xué)物品；⑤觸碰電氣化鐵路接觸網(wǎng)。

可見(jiàn)，如今的問(wèn)題是如何加強(qiáng)對(duì)《條例》的執(zhí)法力度。按《條例》第4條的規(guī)定：鐵路沿線地方各級(jí)人民政府和縣級(jí)以上地方人民政府有關(guān)部門應(yīng)當(dāng)按照各自職責(zé)，加強(qiáng)保障鐵路安全的教育，落實(shí)護(hù)路聯(lián)防責(zé)任制，防范和制止危害鐵路安全的行為，協(xié)調(diào)和處理保障鐵路安全的有關(guān)事項(xiàng)，做好保障鐵路安全的有關(guān)工作。

黨的十九大黨章修正案規(guī)定：黨的基層委員會(huì)、總支委員會(huì)、支部委員會(huì)每屆任期三年至五年。近日，中共中央辦公廳印發(fā)《關(guān)于黨的基層組織任期的意見(jiàn)》，提出“村和社區(qū)黨的委員會(huì)、總支委員會(huì)、支部委員會(huì)每屆任期為5年”。這一實(shí)施細(xì)則對(duì)于落實(shí)"四個(gè)全面"的意義深遠(yuǎn)，必須認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)貫徹。

鐵路運(yùn)輸企業(yè)、鐵路沿線地方各級(jí)人民政府和縣級(jí)以上地方人民政府安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)督管理部門在鐵路監(jiān)管部門的協(xié)調(diào)下，應(yīng)該建立起護(hù)路聯(lián)防的常設(shè)機(jī)構(gòu)，并落實(shí)到高鐵線路通過(guò)的每一個(gè)行政村和城市社區(qū)，以加強(qiáng)日常監(jiān)管，進(jìn)行鐵路運(yùn)輸安全檢查，消除安全隱患，確保運(yùn)輸安全。為加強(qiáng)《條例》的執(zhí)法力度，應(yīng)該對(duì)違法行為實(shí)行追責(zé)和嚴(yán)肅問(wèn)責(zé)。

Commentary

Strengthen the Law Enforcement Dynamics and Implement the Responsibility System of Railway Maintenance′s Joint Defense——Starting to Talk from the Gale-blown Color Steel Plate′s Hitting the High-speed Rail Train

SUNZhang

(Editor-in-Chief ofUrbanMassTransitof Tongji University,Professor)

At 23:04 on August 12,2018,a color steel plate blown by the heavy wind hit the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail G40 train,resulting in the train′s and a number of power supply equipment′s being smashed,the overhead contact system′s (OCS) tripping and the train′s automatic emergency braking.Through the scene investigation,it was the color steel plate from a makeshift residential house along the high-speed railway line that caused this accident.This color steel plate,52 meters long and 7 meters wide,was blown upwards as a whole by the 6-level strong wind,and fell down on the railway line and the overhead contact system.Affected by this accident,some trains delayed for more than 6 hours.On August 13 and 14,2018,there was a total of 46 trains of arrive or depart to be stopped on Beijing South Railway Station.Although the accident did not cause casualties,it brought great harm to the vast number of passengers and rail transport.

In order to strengthen the railway safety management,ensure the railway transportation safety and unimpeded,and protect personal and property safety,"The Railway Safety Management Regulations" (hereinafter referred to as the "Regulations") were formulated.These "Regulations" were adopted by the State Council executive meeting and on August 17,2013,Prime Minister Li Keqiang issued the State Council′s NO.639 order.And they went into effect from January 1,2014.

In recent years,due to climate warming,bad weather,and extreme weathers′ taking place from time to time,combined with people′s improper behavior,the incidents of such foreign object debris′ as color steel shelter tiles,overhead-crossing power lines,kites,unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV),balloons,stones and garbage,etc.,making invasions,so as to disrupt the high-speed rail transportation,have been repeatedly heard.In order to prevent the invasion of foreign object debris outside railways,Article 27 of the "Regulations" stipulates: "The safety-protected areas should be set up on both sides of railway lines." The scopes of protected areas should be 10-meter outward on both sides of the city′s high-speed railway lines and on both sides of other areas′ high-speed railway lines,should be 20-meter outward.

If the color steel plate that caused the accident was from a makeshift residential house 20-meter away,in response,the "Regulations" also expressly provides: "If the distance that the preceding article stipulates could not meet the requirements of railway transport safety protection needs,railway construction units or railway transport enterprises propose solutions,and in accordance with Article 3 of these "Regulations",the railway supervisory authority or the local people′s governments at or above the county level should stipulate a distance.

Assuming this color steel plate was from a residential house 50-meter away,is it necessary to extend the scope of safety protected areas of high-speed railway lines to 50 meters outside the railway lines,or even 500 meters?

As a matter of fact,Article 53 of the "Regulations" has already provides that the following actions that would endanger electrified railway facilities should be prohibited (High-speed railways are also a kind of electrified railways.--the author′s note): (1) Throwing articles to overhead contact systems of electrified railways.(2) Raising or flying the low altitude floating objects,such as kites and balloons etc.in the 500-meter scope on both sides of railway power lines.(3) Climbing the poles or the towers of railway power lines or erecting or installing additional facilities and equipment on the poles or the towers.(4) Taking soil,piling,drilling or dumping harmful chemical items in the 20-meter scope around the railway power line poles or towers and pulling-lines.(5) Touching or contacting overhead contact systems of electrified railways.

It can be seen that the problem now we are facing is how to strengthen the enforcement dynamics of the "Regulations".According to the provisions of Article 4 of the "Regulations",the relevant departments of the local people′s governments at all levels and the local people′s governments at or above the county level along railway lines,in accordance with their respective duties,should strengthen the railway safety education,implement railway maintenance′s joint defense responsibility system,prevent and suppress acts of endangering the railway safety,coordinate and handle the related matters of ensuring the railway safety and do the related jobs of ensuring the railway safety well."

The Party Constitution Amendment of the Party′s 19th National Congress stipulates: A primary-level Party committee,a general Party branch committee or a Party branch committee is elected for a term of three to five years.Recently,General Office of the CPC Central Committee issued "The Opinions on Terms of the Party′s Primary-level Organizations",proposing that "The Party committee,the general Party branch committee and the branch committees of villages and communities are elected for a term of five years." This implementing detailed regulation is far-reaching significant for the implementation of the "Four Comprehensives",and we must seriously study it and implement it.

The railway transportation enterprises,the supervision and management departments for safety production of the local people′s governments at all levels and the local people′s governments at or above the county level along railway lines,under the coordination of the railway supervision and management departments,should establish a standing body for railway maintenance′s joint defense and this must be implemented in every administrative village and city community through which the high-speed railway lines are passed,so as to strengthen the daily supervision and management,eliminate safety hidden trouble and ensure transportation safety.In order to strengthen the law enforcement dynamics of the "Regulations",it should ascertain where the responsibility lies and implement serious accountability for illegal activities.