徐玉秀
[摘要] 目的 探討急性淋巴細(xì)胞性白血病(Acute lymphoblastic leukemia,ALL)患兒骨髓中NF-κB的表達(dá)及臨床意義。方法 選擇ALL患兒80例,分為L(zhǎng)1型、L2型、L3型三組,其中L1型30例、L2型25例、L3型25例;另選25例ALL患兒緩解組及15例缺鐵性貧血患兒對(duì)照組;患兒均經(jīng)相關(guān)臨床檢查確診。采集患兒骨髓,單個(gè)核細(xì)胞分離,總RNA提取,逆轉(zhuǎn)錄合成cDNA,RT-PCR基因擴(kuò)增,比較各實(shí)驗(yàn)組NF-κB表達(dá)情況。 結(jié)果 RT-PCR示,ALL組NF-κB mRNA表達(dá)量明顯高于ALL緩解組及對(duì)照組(P<0.01);ALL組NF-κB mRNA表達(dá)量L1、L2、L3型組間對(duì)比,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);ALL緩解組NF-κB mRNA的表達(dá)量雖高于對(duì)照組,但差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。 結(jié)論 NF-κB高表達(dá)可能是急性淋巴細(xì)胞性白血病患兒發(fā)病的重要原因之一。
[關(guān)鍵詞] NF-κB;急性淋巴細(xì)胞性白血?。籖T-PCR;mRNA
[中圖分類號(hào)] R733.71 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2018)18-0005-03
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of NF-κB in bone marrow of children patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL). Methods 80 children patients with ALL were selected. It was divided into three groups: L1, L2 and L3. Among them, 30 cases were L1 type, 25 were L2 type, and 25 were L3 type. Another 25 children patients with ALL were selected in the remission group. 15 patients with iron deficiency anemia were selected in the control group; all children patients were diagnosed with relevant clinical examinations. Bone marrow was collected, single mononuclear cells were isolated, total RNA was extracted, cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription, and RT-PCR gene was amplified. The expression of NF-κB in each experimental group was compared. Results RT-PCR showed that the expression of NF-κB mRNA in ALL group was significantly higher than that in ALL remission group and control group(P<0.01); there was no statistically significant difference in the expression of NF-κB mRNA in ALL group between the L1, L2, and L3 types(P>0.05). The expression of NF-κB mRNA in the ALL remission group was higher than that in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05). Conclusion The high expression of NF-κB may be one of the important causes of the onset of children patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
[Key words] NF-κB; ALL; RT-PCR; mRNA
NF-κB位于細(xì)胞核內(nèi),是細(xì)胞周期的重要調(diào)節(jié)因子,NF-κB調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞代謝存活;其通過(guò)影響靶基因,參與機(jī)體免疫介質(zhì)活化、應(yīng)激反應(yīng)、炎癥反應(yīng)等[1]。研究顯示[2],成人急性淋巴細(xì)胞性白血病發(fā)病與NF-κB密切相關(guān),在某些激勵(lì)因子的作用下,NF-κB高表達(dá),患者細(xì)胞無(wú)限增殖、代謝調(diào)節(jié)失靈、最終導(dǎo)致ALL發(fā)生;因此,本文將NF-κB作為研究靶點(diǎn),進(jìn)一步研究?jī)和疉LL的發(fā)病機(jī)制,為ALL的進(jìn)一步研究提供依據(jù)。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
研究對(duì)象選自2015年1月~2017年1月在我院住院的急性淋巴細(xì)胞白血病80例患兒。80例ALL包括L1、L2、L3型三組,其中L1型組30例,男15例,女15例,年齡3~9歲,平均(6.00±1.21)歲;L2型組25例,男15例,女10例,年齡3~10歲,平均(5.00±1.56)歲;L3型組25例,男15例,女10例,年齡3~9歲,平均(6.50±1.14)歲。對(duì)照組缺鐵性貧血15例,男5例,女10例,年齡4~11歲,平均(7.50±1.03)歲。ALL緩解組25例,男15例,女10例,年齡3~8歲,平均(4.00±1.12)歲?;純撼醮尉鶕?jù)細(xì)胞組織化學(xué)染色、外周血涂片、骨髓細(xì)胞形態(tài)學(xué)檢測(cè)、臨床表現(xiàn)等確診,確診患兒由監(jiān)護(hù)人簽署知情同意書,納入各實(shí)驗(yàn)組。缺鐵性貧血組,診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)依據(jù)張之南主編的《血液病診斷及療效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》[3]。常規(guī)采集患者骨髓,分離單個(gè)核細(xì)胞,提取總RNA,逆轉(zhuǎn)錄合成cDNA,利用RT-PCR進(jìn)行基因擴(kuò)增,檢測(cè)并比較各組NF-κB的表達(dá)情況。
1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法
RNA反轉(zhuǎn)錄與提?。嚎俁NA提取采用Trizol法,檢測(cè)總RNA濃度及完整性,使用RevertAidTM First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit(Fermentas公司)進(jìn)行反轉(zhuǎn)錄反應(yīng),按試劑盒說(shuō)明操作,反轉(zhuǎn)錄反應(yīng)條件:42℃ 62 min,72℃ 5 min,4℃ 5 min,保存?zhèn)溆糜?20℃。PCR實(shí)時(shí)定量擴(kuò)增:在實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR(ABI3700)上進(jìn)行擴(kuò)增。TAKARA設(shè)計(jì)合成NF-κB基因引物。上游引物序列(5 CTGAACCAG GGCATACCTGT3),下游引物序列(5 GAGAAGTCCATGTCCGCA AT3),擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物197bp;內(nèi)參GAPDH下游引物序列(5 TCTCTCTTCCTCTTGTGCTCTTGG3),擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物206 bp。PCR反應(yīng)液SYBR Prime ScriptTM RT-PCR Kit(Perfect Real Time,TAKARA公司生產(chǎn)),反應(yīng)體系為25 μL。反應(yīng)條件為:3 min 95℃預(yù)變性、35sec 95℃變性、40 sec 70℃延伸、35 sec 56℃退火,如此40個(gè)循環(huán),10 min 70℃延伸,繪制溶解曲線于間隔30 s后。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
所有數(shù)據(jù)均利用SPSS 16.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,兩樣本比較采用t檢驗(yàn),多個(gè)樣本比較采用單因素方差分析,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 NF-κB cDNA電泳擴(kuò)增
內(nèi)參及各組NF-κB cDNA瓊脂凝膠電泳擴(kuò)增結(jié)果,NF-κB擴(kuò)增條帶及內(nèi)參擴(kuò)增條帶分別位于206 bp及197 bp左右。NF-κB RT-PCR結(jié)果顯示:實(shí)時(shí)PCR擴(kuò)增相當(dāng)于0.01~100 ng總RNA的cDNA模板,制作溶解曲線和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線。GAPDH、NF-κB擴(kuò)增曲線中,溶解溫度為87℃和90℃左右,說(shuō)明PCR擴(kuò)增,其產(chǎn)物為單一產(chǎn)物。GAPDH及NF-κB兩者的擴(kuò)增效率及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線基本一致。見封三圖1、2。
2.2 NF-κB mRNA RT-PCR結(jié)果
NF-κB mRNA在ALL中的表達(dá):RT-PCR結(jié)果顯示,NF-κB mRNA的表達(dá)量ALL組明顯高于對(duì)照組及ALL緩解組,差異有顯著性(P<0.01);L1、L2、L3型組比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);ALL緩解組NF-κB mRNA的表達(dá)量雖高于對(duì)照組,但差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表1。
3討論
ALL是一種常見的血液系統(tǒng)惡性腫瘤,其發(fā)生與眾多基因參與的細(xì)胞信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)通路異常相關(guān)[4],NF-κB通路即是影響ALL發(fā)生發(fā)展的重要通路之一。研究顯示[5],NF-κB可分為兩大類,一類為活化體形式,另一類為失活體形式,當(dāng)受細(xì)胞因子刺激后無(wú)活性的NF-κB可活化,進(jìn)而進(jìn)入細(xì)胞核內(nèi),參與靶基因調(diào)控。NF-κB活化后的高表達(dá)與腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖關(guān)系密切[6],因此,本研究將NF-κB作為研究靶點(diǎn),進(jìn)一步研究?jī)和疉LL的發(fā)病機(jī)制。
急性淋巴細(xì)胞性白血病(ALL)占兒童急性白血病的80%,發(fā)病率高峰在3~7歲之間。在急性白血病中,惡性細(xì)胞失去成熟和定向分化的能力。這些細(xì)胞迅速取代正常細(xì)胞。當(dāng)惡性細(xì)胞取代正常的骨髓成分時(shí)即發(fā)生骨髓衰竭。急性淋巴細(xì)胞性白血病是一種進(jìn)行性惡性疾病,其特征為大量的類似于淋巴母細(xì)胞的未成熟白細(xì)胞。這些細(xì)胞可在血液、骨髓、淋巴結(jié)、脾臟和其他器官中發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)細(xì)胞形態(tài)學(xué)和臨床預(yù)后的不同,將ALL分為L(zhǎng)1、L2、L3三個(gè)亞型。
研究發(fā)現(xiàn)[7-9],多種致癌因子可激活NF-κB,活化的NF-κB能與多種細(xì)胞基因的κB位點(diǎn)結(jié)合,調(diào)節(jié)基因轉(zhuǎn)錄,抗細(xì)胞凋亡,使正常細(xì)胞向惡性轉(zhuǎn)化、促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移。NF-κB是啟動(dòng)子c-myc的重要調(diào)節(jié)因子[10-12],其通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)凋亡蛋白/抗凋亡蛋白的平衡,實(shí)現(xiàn)其抗凋亡功能;研究表明[13],正常組NF-κB的表達(dá)低于初診ALL患者,研究者推測(cè)NF-κB的抗凋亡作用可能參與了ALL的發(fā)展。體外研究表明[14],某些化療藥可以提高NF-κB活性,NF-κB過(guò)度表達(dá)可以降低化療藥物的作用,也可以使腫瘤細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生抗藥性。因此對(duì)NF-κB靶點(diǎn)的研究可為ALL尋找新的治療途徑。本研究顯示,NF-κB mRNA在ALL中的表達(dá):RT-PCR結(jié)果顯示,NF-κB mRNA的表達(dá)量ALL組明顯高于對(duì)照組及ALL緩解組,差異有顯著性(P<0.01);L1、L2、L3型組比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);ALL緩解組NF-κB mRNA的表達(dá)量雖高于對(duì)照組,但差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),說(shuō)明NF-κB表達(dá)升高可能是急性淋巴細(xì)胞性白血病發(fā)病的重要原因之一。
研究證明[15], NF-κB是一個(gè)多效性調(diào)控因子,白血病、淋巴瘤等惡性腫瘤中均存在高表達(dá)的NF-κB,但導(dǎo)致NF-κB高表達(dá)的具體機(jī)制尚不清楚,機(jī)體的防御能力可被過(guò)度抑制NF-κB表達(dá)降低[16]。因此,研究NF-κB的抑制機(jī)制及活化與ALL發(fā)生發(fā)展的相關(guān)性,可為開發(fā)治療ALL新藥帶來(lái)思路。
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(收稿日期:2018-02-08)