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Doping1dope給……用興奮劑。in sports is back in the news.The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)has found “systematic failures” in drug testing and accuses Russia of bribing officials to cover up positive results,in a report released on Nov.9,2017.In the aftermath,WADA’s recommendation is to ban Russia from athletic competition.But what if2what if 要是……又怎樣。there were a simple solution to end doping in sports once and for all3once and for all一次了結(jié)地，一勞永逸地。?

體育運(yùn)動(dòng)中的興奮劑事件再次登上新聞。在2017年11月9日發(fā)布的報(bào)道中，世界反興奮劑組織發(fā)現(xiàn)了在藥物檢測(cè)中存在“系統(tǒng)故障”，并指責(zé)俄羅斯賄賂官員掩蓋陽(yáng)性檢測(cè)結(jié)果。此后，世界反興奮劑組織建議禁止俄羅斯參加體育競(jìng)賽。但是，如果有一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的解決方案來(lái)杜絕體育運(yùn)動(dòng)中使用興奮劑，那會(huì)怎么樣呢？

[2]From the Incas4Inca印加人（古代秘魯原住民）。chewing coca leaves to ancient Olympians chomping5chomp大聲地吃（或咬、咀嚼食物）。opium,humans have used drugs to enhance performance for millennia.It wasn’t until 1928 that the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF)decided to ban doping in sports—a profession where “fairness”matters above most other factors.

[2]從印加人咀嚼古柯葉到古代奧運(yùn)選手吸食鴉片，人類(lèi)幾千年來(lái)一直使用藥物來(lái)提高比賽成績(jī)。直到1928年，國(guó)際田徑聯(lián)合會(huì)才決定禁止在體育運(yùn)動(dòng)中使用興奮劑 ——在該領(lǐng)域中“公平”比大多數(shù)其他因素都更重要。

[3]But a ban only works if the antidoping agency can detect performanceenhancing drugs.So,instead of ending doping,all the IAAF managed to do is create a never-ending race: The agency creates a reliable test for a certain performance-enhancing6performance-enhancing（尤指藥物）興奮性的（以提高在體育競(jìng)賽的表現(xiàn)）。drug.Athletes,in turn,look for new drugs that the agency cannot detect.The agency develops new drug tests.And on it goes.

[3]但是，只有在反興奮劑機(jī)構(gòu)能夠檢測(cè)到興奮劑的情況下，禁令才會(huì)有效。因此，國(guó)際田聯(lián)所做的不是終止使用興奮劑，而是要制造一場(chǎng)永無(wú)休止的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)：該機(jī)構(gòu)為一些提高運(yùn)動(dòng)成績(jī)的藥物創(chuàng)建了可靠的檢測(cè)。運(yùn)動(dòng)員，相應(yīng)地，也在尋找該機(jī)構(gòu)無(wú)法檢測(cè)到的新藥。而該機(jī)構(gòu)又要開(kāi)發(fā)新的藥物檢測(cè)。如此往復(fù)。

[4]After decades of cat-and-mouse,athletes found what they must have believed to be the ultimate doping agent:their own blood.

[4]經(jīng)過(guò)幾十年貓捉老鼠的游戲，運(yùn)動(dòng)員們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們必須相信最終的興奮劑是：他們自己的血液。

[5]To enhance athletic performance with your own blood,you draw blood and store it in a freezer.Your body compensates by creating more blood.Then,months later,just before a competition,you can re-inject the old blood for a boost.As the red blood cell count goes up,so does an athlete’s ability to absorb oxygen.The more oxygen you grab with each breath,the more energy your body is able to burn and the better you are able to perform.

[5]為了用自己的血液提高運(yùn)動(dòng)成績(jī)，可以抽血并把它儲(chǔ)存在冰箱里。身體產(chǎn)生更多的血液加以彌補(bǔ)。然后，過(guò)幾個(gè)月，在比賽之前，便可以重新注入舊血液來(lái)增強(qiáng)動(dòng)力。隨著紅細(xì)胞數(shù)量的增加，運(yùn)動(dòng)員吸氧能力也隨之增強(qiáng)。每次呼吸所吸取的氧氣越多，身體能夠燃燒的能量就越多，而且表現(xiàn)就會(huì)越好。

[6]Although the enhancement is small compared to actual drugs,it can be the difference between a gold medal and a silver medal.Best of all,“extra blood” was never something WADA tested for.

[6]盡管與實(shí)際藥物相比，這種增強(qiáng)作用較小，但它可能是金牌和銀牌之間的差距。最重要的是，“額外的血液”是從來(lái)沒(méi)有被世界反興奮劑組織檢測(cè)過(guò)的東西。

[7]But the anti-doping agency wasn’t going to sit by7sit by袖手旁觀(guān)。and be fooled.What it came up with8come up with想出，提出（計(jì)劃、想法等）。in response might be a solution to stop doping once and for all:an athlete biological passport9簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)ABP，專(zhuān)業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的電子生物信息記錄。.The idea is to record some biological traits of an athlete through testing done at regular intervals.The biological passport’s partial implementation—recording blood and steroid levels—began in January 2014.

[7]但是反興奮劑機(jī)構(gòu)不會(huì)遭受蒙騙而坐視不管。它所提出的回應(yīng)或許是杜絕使用興奮劑的終極解決方案：運(yùn)動(dòng)員生物護(hù)照。這個(gè)想法是通過(guò)定期檢測(cè)來(lái)記錄運(yùn)動(dòng)員的一些生物特征。生物護(hù)照的部分實(shí)施——記錄血液和類(lèi)固醇水平——從2014年1月開(kāi)始。

[8]When all necessary biological traits are finally incorporated,WADA will no longer need to worry about finding new methods to detect a drug.It will only have to detect resulting changes in the body.In the case of blood doping,if the athlete’s normal red-blood-cell count is,say100 say比方說(shuō)；假設(shè)。,47%,but then is found to be 51%after a competition,foul play11foul play（尤指體育比賽中的）不公平行為，犯規(guī)動(dòng)作。may have been involved.

[8]當(dāng)所有必要的生物特征最終結(jié)合起來(lái)時(shí)，世界反興奮劑組織將不再需要為尋找檢測(cè)藥物的新方法而擔(dān)心。它只需要檢測(cè)身體結(jié)果的變化。在使用血液興奮劑的情況下，如果運(yùn)動(dòng)員的正常紅細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)為，比如說(shuō)，47%，但在比賽后卻發(fā)現(xiàn)為51%，則可能涉嫌犯規(guī)。

[9]WADA is confident that the biological passport could even deter genetic changes—the ultimate,ever-lasting enhancement—which are surely coming next.If an athlete inserts a performanceenhancing gene,it will probably leave detectable changes in the body,that would differ from the athlete’s profile12profile概述；簡(jiǎn)介。in the biological passport.■

[9]世界反興奮劑組織確信，生物護(hù)照甚至可以遏制基因改變——極度的、永久的增強(qiáng)——這肯定會(huì)成為下一步的目標(biāo)。如果一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員植入一種提高運(yùn)動(dòng)成績(jī)的基因，它可能會(huì)在身體中留下可檢測(cè)的變化，因?yàn)楹瓦\(yùn)動(dòng)員在生物護(hù)照中的狀況不一致?！?/p>