龔祖元 利民
[摘要]目的 探討經(jīng)皮經(jīng)肝膽囊穿刺序貫腔鏡膽囊切除治療高齡急性重癥膽囊炎的臨床效果。方法 選取2017年5月~2019年4月我院收治的60例高齡急性重癥膽囊炎患者作為研究對(duì)象,按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分成兩組,每組各30例。對(duì)照組采用腹腔鏡膽囊切除治療,研究組采用經(jīng)皮經(jīng)肝膽囊穿刺序貫腔鏡膽囊切除治療。比較兩組的臨床相關(guān)指標(biāo)(包括入院調(diào)理時(shí)間、手術(shù)時(shí)間、體溫恢復(fù)時(shí)間、凝血功能恢復(fù)時(shí)間、出血量、白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)恢復(fù)時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間),并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況(包括腹腔感染、氣胸、腸穿孔、胸腔積液、肝臟損傷),以及手術(shù)前后的視覺(jué)模擬量表(VAS)評(píng)分。結(jié)果 研究組的入院調(diào)理時(shí)間為(2.55±1.28)h,手術(shù)時(shí)間為(35.45±2.20)min,體溫恢復(fù)時(shí)間為(1.50±0.05)d,凝血功能恢復(fù)時(shí)間為(1.75±0.10)d,白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)恢復(fù)時(shí)間為(2.50±1.20)d,住院時(shí)間為(10.60±2.25)d,短于對(duì)照組的(5.22±1.30)h,(62.20±2.35)min,(2.60±0.95)d,(2.90±0.15)d,(4.35±1.20)d,(21.95±2.40)d,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);研究組患者的術(shù)中出血量為(10.55±1.20)ml,少于對(duì)照組的(68.85±18.20)ml,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組的并發(fā)癥總發(fā)生率比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);研究組患者的術(shù)后VAS評(píng)分為(3.35±0.80)分,低于對(duì)照組的(4.75±1.05)分,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組均無(wú)死亡病例。結(jié)論 高齡急性重癥膽囊炎應(yīng)用經(jīng)皮經(jīng)肝膽囊穿刺序貫腔鏡膽囊切除治療的臨床效果確切,有重要臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[關(guān)鍵詞]經(jīng)皮經(jīng)肝膽囊穿刺序貫腔鏡膽囊切除;高齡;急性重癥膽囊炎;臨床療效
[中圖分類號(hào)] R575.61? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1674-4721(2019)11(a)-0091-04
Clinical effect of endoscopic cholecystectomy via sequential percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder puncture in the treatment of elderly patients with acute severe cholecystitis
GONG Zu-yuan1? ?LI Min2
1. Department of Hepatobiliary and Hernia Surgery, Dongguan Third People′s Hospital, Guangdong Province, Dongguan? ?523000, China; 2. Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dongguan Third People′s Hospital, Guangdong Province, Dongguan? ?523000, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the clinical effect of endoscopic cholecystectomy via sequential percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder puncture in the treatment of elderly patients with acute severe cholecystitis. Methods Sixty elderly patients with acute severe cholecystitis admitted to our hospital from May 2017 to April 2019 were enrolled in the study. They were divided into two groups according to the random number table method, 30 cases in each group. In the control group, patients were treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy, while in the study group, endoscopic cholecystectomy via sequential percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder puncture was adopted. The clinically relevant indicators of the two groups (such as admission time, operation time, body temperature recovery time, coagulation function recovery time, blood loss, white blood cell count recovery time, and hospital stay), complications (such as abdominal infection, pneumothorax, intestinal perforation, pleural effusion, liver damage), and visual analogue scale (VAS) score before and after surgery were compared. Results In the study group, the admission time, the operation time, the body temperature recovery time, the coagulation function recovery time, the white blood cell count recovery time, and hospital stay were (2.55±1.28) h, (35.45±2.20) min, (1.50±0.05) d, (1.75±0.10) d, (2.50±1.20) d, and (10.60±2.25) d, which were shorter than those of the control group for (5.22±1.30) h, (62.20±2.35) min, (2.60±0.95) d, (2.90±0.15) d, (4.35±1.20) d, and (21.95±2.40) d, the comparisons mentioned above were all in statistical significance (P<0.05). The intraoperative bleeding amount of the study group was (10.55±1.20) ml, less than that of the control group for (68.85±18.20) ml (P<0.05). The total incidence of complications in the two groups was not significantly different (P>0.05). The postoperative VAS score of the study group was (3.35±0.80) points, lower than that of the control group for (4.75±1.05) points with a statistical difference (P<0.05). There were no deaths in the two groups. Conclusion The clinical effect of endoscopic cholecystectomy via sequential percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder puncture in patients with acute severe cholecystitis is definite and has important clinical application value.
[Key words] Endoscopic cholecystectomy via sequential percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder puncture; Elderly; Acute severe cholecystitis; Clinical efficacy
急性重癥膽囊炎屬于常見(jiàn)的臨床急腹癥[1],其臨床癥狀表現(xiàn)主要包括陣發(fā)性上腹部絞痛、右上腹及劍突下壓痛。確診為急性重癥膽囊炎患者多合并腹部陣發(fā)性絞痛、腹部陣發(fā)性觸痛以及腹肌強(qiáng)直,而且大部分患者存在膽囊結(jié)石,其中,因膽囊結(jié)石引起膽囊管梗阻而致病的患者約占80.00%,且具有較高的死亡率。由于急性重癥高齡膽囊炎患者的自身免疫能力明顯降低,應(yīng)激能力明顯降低,而且缺乏臨床典型癥狀表現(xiàn),若實(shí)施急診腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù)則具有較大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性,而且手術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率較高[2]。經(jīng)皮經(jīng)肝膽囊穿刺序貫腔鏡膽囊切除治療方案有利于急性重癥膽囊炎老年患者的膽道快速減壓處理,有助于緩解全身性相關(guān)中毒癥狀,并能積極控制炎癥,而且該治療方案的創(chuàng)傷性小,可以明顯減少手術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性,降低術(shù)后并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生概率[3-4]。本次研究工作旨在探討經(jīng)皮經(jīng)肝膽囊穿刺序貫腔鏡膽囊切除治療高齡急性重癥膽囊炎的臨床效果,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料
選取2017年5月~2019年4月我院收治的60例高齡急性重癥膽囊炎患者作為研究對(duì)象,根據(jù)隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為兩組,每組各30例。研究組中,男12例,女18例;年齡70~95歲,平均(82.35±2.35)歲;體重40~80 kg,平均(58.35±2.05)kg;發(fā)病時(shí)間2~72 h,平均(26.50±8.50) h。對(duì)照組中,男11例,女19例;年齡71~95歲,平均(82.40±2.30)歲;體重40~80 kg,平均(58.20±2.20)kg;發(fā)病時(shí)間2~72 h,平均(24.55±8.45)h。兩組的一般資料比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。該研究經(jīng)相關(guān)醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),參與研究者均知情同意。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①經(jīng)臨床實(shí)驗(yàn)室相關(guān)檢查、超聲檢查、CT檢查以及結(jié)合臨床癥狀表示診斷為急性重癥膽囊炎;②均具備齊全的臨床資料;③年齡≥70歲。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①合并重要臟器疾病者;②臨床資料不齊全者。
1.2方法
1.2.1對(duì)照組? 對(duì)照組采用腹腔鏡膽囊切除治療方法:給予全身麻醉,手術(shù)過(guò)程中結(jié)合患者的實(shí)際病況,可予以開(kāi)腹處理;手術(shù)后給予患者常規(guī)術(shù)后抗感染治療[5]。
1.2.2研究組? 研究組采用經(jīng)皮經(jīng)肝膽囊穿刺序貫腔鏡膽囊切除治療方法。經(jīng)皮經(jīng)肝膽囊穿刺序貫腔鏡膽囊切除治療方法具體操作如下:在患者確診后12 h內(nèi)處理;操作者在B超引導(dǎo)下實(shí)施經(jīng)皮經(jīng)肝膽囊穿刺;麻醉位置選擇右鎖骨中線與腋前線間合適位置,膽囊前緣距離肝臟約2 cm,在膽囊頸部體位實(shí)施穿刺。囑咐患者需密切配合,保持均勻呼吸。同時(shí)仔細(xì)保護(hù)肝臟,進(jìn)入膽囊腔體后,操作者回抽以確認(rèn)膽汁,推入套管到膽囊腔,將8F導(dǎo)管放入,導(dǎo)管留置深度約為5 cm,經(jīng)超聲確認(rèn)具體置入位置的準(zhǔn)確性,采用縫扎方式固定套管于皮膚,而另一側(cè)則與引流袋連接。經(jīng)皮經(jīng)肝膽囊穿刺后5 h患者需禁食,適當(dāng)給予0.9%氯化鈉沖洗以保障引流導(dǎo)管通暢。并予抗感染,補(bǔ)液等對(duì)癥支持藥物治療,待患者的癥狀體征明顯改善后予以腹腔鏡下膽囊切除術(shù);術(shù)后給予患者常規(guī)抗感染治療[6-7]。
1.3觀察指標(biāo)及評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
觀察比較兩組的臨床相關(guān)指標(biāo)(包括入院調(diào)理時(shí)間、手術(shù)時(shí)間、體溫恢復(fù)時(shí)間、凝血功能恢復(fù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量、白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)恢復(fù)時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間),并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況(包括腹腔感染、氣胸、腸穿孔、胸腔積液、肝臟損傷),以及手術(shù)前后的視覺(jué)模擬量表(VAS)評(píng)分[8]。
VAS評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn):取一白紙,并劃一條橫線,長(zhǎng)10 cm,一端為0,另一端為10,0表示無(wú)痛,10表示劇痛,中間部分則代表不同程度疼痛;患者結(jié)合自身感覺(jué)于橫線上作記號(hào),以代表疼痛程度;得分越低,則表示疼痛程度越輕;得分越高,則表示疼痛程度越重。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 21.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1兩組患者臨床相關(guān)指標(biāo)的比較
研究組的入院調(diào)理時(shí)間、手術(shù)時(shí)間、體溫恢復(fù)時(shí)間、凝血功能恢復(fù)時(shí)間、白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)恢復(fù)時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間均短于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);研究組的術(shù)中出血量少于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)(表1)。
2.2兩組患者并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況及死亡情況的比較
研究組的并發(fā)癥總發(fā)生率與對(duì)照組比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)(表2)。兩組均無(wú)死亡病例。
2.3兩組患者手術(shù)前后VAS的評(píng)分比較
兩組患者術(shù)前的VAS評(píng)分比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);兩組術(shù)后的VAS評(píng)分均低于本組術(shù)前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);研究組術(shù)后的VAS評(píng)分低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)(表3)。
3討論
急性重癥膽囊炎為臨床常見(jiàn)疾病,該疾病的主要發(fā)病原因?yàn)槟懩夜芄W?,進(jìn)而致使膽汁淤積,導(dǎo)致細(xì)菌大量繁殖,引起黏膜充血水腫[9-10]。急性重癥膽囊炎的臨床癥狀表現(xiàn)包括不同程度的惡心、嘔吐、右上腹痛以及發(fā)熱等[11]。此外,急性重癥膽囊炎患者多合并不同程度的全身性酸中毒、休克等并發(fā)癥,為肝膽科危險(xiǎn)急癥[12]。由于急性重癥高齡膽囊炎患者自身免疫能力明顯下降,應(yīng)激能力明顯下降,而且缺乏臨床典型表現(xiàn),因此,實(shí)施急診腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù)具有較大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性,術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率較高,不利于術(shù)后康復(fù)[13-14]。
本次研究結(jié)果顯示,與對(duì)照組比較,研究組的術(shù)中出血量更少,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);研究組的入院調(diào)理時(shí)間、手術(shù)時(shí)間、體溫恢復(fù)時(shí)間、凝血功能恢復(fù)時(shí)間、白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)恢復(fù)時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間更短,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);研究組的并發(fā)癥總發(fā)生率與對(duì)照組比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);研究組術(shù)后的VAS評(píng)分更低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組均無(wú)死亡病例。研究結(jié)果充分提示,高齡急性重癥膽囊炎應(yīng)用經(jīng)皮經(jīng)肝膽囊穿刺序貫腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù)的手術(shù)安全性高,可以有效控制患者的急性炎癥,降低術(shù)中出血量,提高手術(shù)治療安全性[15-16]。
綜上所述,臨床結(jié)合高齡急性重癥膽囊炎患者的疾病特點(diǎn),予以經(jīng)皮經(jīng)肝膽囊穿刺序貫腔鏡膽囊切除治療,可以明顯縮短其各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)時(shí)間,術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率低,治療安全性高,值得在臨床中加強(qiáng)推廣應(yīng)用。
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(收稿時(shí)間:2019-05-24? 本文編輯:陳文文)