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介詞的13個(gè)常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)

2019-07-22 01:51吳榮華
高中生·天天向上 2019年7期
關(guān)鍵詞:連詞時(shí)間段介詞

吳榮華

專(zhuān)題策劃:介詞考點(diǎn)全過(guò)關(guān)

編者按:臨近高考,各大語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)后,可不能把介詞落下了。介詞雖是虛詞,但是相當(dāng)活躍,隨處可見(jiàn)、搭配眾多且意義豐富,是高考的必考點(diǎn),常出現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)法填空、改錯(cuò)和寫(xiě)作的題型中。另外,在寫(xiě)作中恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用介詞,可以使語(yǔ)言表達(dá)更加準(zhǔn)確、簡(jiǎn)練和地道。

at Christmas/dawn/night/present/work/table/a loss/the beginning of/the end of/the top of/the mercy of/the risk of/the sight of

in advance/return/vain/fact/debt/trouble/need/danger/public/time/peace/tears/rags/ruins/the end/the past/a way/a hurry

on show/fire/holiday/sale/time/purpose/behalf/

the basis of

by mistake/chance/turns/coincidence

as a result

to ones surprise/joy/delight/sorrow/regret/disappointment/credit

out of breath/control/sight/fashion/date/order/work/curiosity/place/balance/ones reach

under construction/control/repair/discussion/ones direction

in favor of,in honor of,in memory of,in place of,in case of

in exchange for,in return for

in addition to

in touch with,in common with

(1)be+形容詞+at

be good at,be angry at,be disappointed at

(2)be+形容詞+of

be fond of,be afraid of,be full of,be proud of,be aware of,be tired of

(3)be+形容詞+with

be angry with,be disappointed with,be popular with,be strict with,be filled with,be busy with,be satisfied with,be covered with,be familiar with

(4)be+形容詞+in

be interested in,be rich in,be located in,be dressed in,be absorbed in,be strict in

(5)be+形容詞+to

be beneficial to,be harmful to,be similar to,be used to,be down to,be related to,be familiar to

(6)be+形容詞+for

be fit for,be late for,be responsible for,be suitable for,be ready for,be famous for,be good/bad for

(7)be+形容詞+about

be anxious about,be worry about,be curious about

(8)be+形容詞+from

be absent from,be different from,be tired from

(9)be+形容詞+on

be based on,be keen on

(1)動(dòng)詞+副詞+from

keep away from,get away from,break away from

(2)動(dòng)詞+副詞+for

make up for,watch out for

(3)動(dòng)詞+副詞+with

come up with,put up with,catch up with,get along with

(4)動(dòng)詞+副詞+to

date back to,get close to

(5)動(dòng)詞+副詞+其他介詞

do well in,look down upon

(1)動(dòng)詞+at

aim at,stare at,glare at,glance at,laugh at

(2)動(dòng)詞+about/of

dream about/of,complain about,consist of

(3)動(dòng)詞+as/through

act/serve as,work as,recognize/consider...as...,go through,look through

(4)動(dòng)詞+for

ask for,pay for,stand for,search for,desire for,send for,enter for,run for,charge for

(5)動(dòng)詞+from

come from,differ from,learn from,benefit from,graduate from,result from

(6)動(dòng)詞+in

succeed in,participate in,result in

(7)動(dòng)詞+on

concentrate on,fall on,focus on, fix(ones attention/eyes)on

(8)動(dòng)詞+to

add to,appeal to,belong to,contribute to,lead to,refer to,stick to,turn to

(9)動(dòng)詞+with

deal with,begin with,communicate with

(10)動(dòng)詞+into

look into,break into,run into,grow into,turn into

(1)動(dòng)詞+名詞+in

take part in,show interest in,take pride in

(2)動(dòng)詞+名詞+for

show respect for,show concern for

(3)動(dòng)詞+名詞+of

take charge of,take care of,take advantage of,make use of,make fun of,catch sight of,lose sight of,get rid of

(4)動(dòng)詞+名詞+to

do harm to,pay attention to,attach importance to,give birth to

(5)動(dòng)詞+名詞+with

make contact with,get/keep in touch with

(1)動(dòng)詞+sb.+of sth.

rob sb. of sth.,accuse sb. of sth.,remind sb. of sth.

(2)動(dòng)詞+sb.+with sth.

equip sb. with sth.,charge sb. with sth.,provide sb. with sth.

(3)動(dòng)詞+sb.+for sth.

blame sb. for sth.,praise sb. for sth.,punish sb. for sth.

(4)動(dòng)詞+sb.+on sth.

congraduate sb. on sth.

(5)動(dòng)詞+sb.+from doing sth.

prevent/stop sb. (from) doing sth.,keep sb. from doing sth.

share sth. with sb.,exchange sth. with sb.

(1)表示“在……”:in,on,at

in表示較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間,如月份、季節(jié)、年份、年代、世紀(jì)等,也可泛指上午、下午或晚上。

on表示具體某一天或其上午、下午或晚上等。

at表示時(shí)間點(diǎn),用于具體某時(shí)刻或短期假日。

當(dāng)時(shí)間名詞前有this,that,last,next,every等限定詞時(shí)不用介詞。

(2)表示“在……之后”:in,after

“in+時(shí)間段”表示從現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始一段時(shí)間之后,用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)。

“after+時(shí)間段”表示過(guò)去開(kāi)始一段時(shí)間之后,常與過(guò)去時(shí)連用,相當(dāng)于“時(shí)間段+later”。

“after+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”表示過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)。

(3)表示“在……以?xún)?nèi)”:in,within

“in+時(shí)間段”用于過(guò)去時(shí)。

“within+時(shí)間段”用于過(guò)去時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)。

(4)表示“在……以前”:ago,before

“時(shí)間段+ago”指從現(xiàn)在算起,用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

“時(shí)間段+before”指從過(guò)去算起,用于過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

表示在某時(shí)間點(diǎn)以前時(shí),只用before,不用ago。

(5)by,before,until

by后接時(shí)間點(diǎn),表示到某時(shí)為止(含某時(shí))。

before后接時(shí)間點(diǎn),表示在某時(shí)之前(不含某時(shí))。

until意為“直到某時(shí)為止”,表示持續(xù)到某時(shí)。

(6)表示“在……期間”:during,through/through?鄄out,over

during后接時(shí)間段,尤其在某些事件或活動(dòng)(如stay,visit,meal)前,宜用during。

through/throughout意為“貫穿……期間”。

over意為“過(guò)完一段時(shí)間”。

(7)表示時(shí)間段:for,since

“for+時(shí)間段”表示持續(xù)一段時(shí)間。

“since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”表示從過(guò)去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間。

(1)表示“上下”:on(垂直接觸,上面),beneath(垂直接觸,下面),above(斜上方),below(斜下方),over(垂直,正上方),under(垂直,正下方)。

(2)表示“里外”:in,inside,outside within。

(3)表示“前后”:in front of(用于建筑前),in the front of(用于外部空間的前面),before(用于某人前),behind,at the back of。

(4)表示“附近”:near,beside/by,beyond,across,close to,next to。

(5)表示“周?chē)保篴bout,around,round。

(1)表示動(dòng)向:into(進(jìn)入),out of(從……出來(lái)),through(從物體內(nèi)部穿過(guò)),across(從物體表面通過(guò)),by/past(從旁邊經(jīng)過(guò)),over(從上空經(jīng)過(guò)),along(沿著),down(沿……而下),up(沿……而上),from(從),to(到),off(離開(kāi)),onto(上去)。

(2)表示原因:for,because of,owing to,due to,on account of,as a result of都表示“因?yàn)?,由于?thanks to表示“幸虧,由于”。

(3)表示方式:常接交通工具或通信工具的介詞有by,in,on等;表示“用……”的介詞有with,in等;表示“通過(guò)……”的介詞有by,through等。

(4)表示除外:besides,in addition to表示“除……之外”,包括后面的部分;except,but表示“除了……之外”,排除后面的部分;apart from相當(dāng)于besides/except。

(5)表示舉例:such as,including,like。

(1)表示計(jì)量:at表示計(jì)量時(shí),意為“以……(價(jià)格/速度/代價(jià))”。

(2)表示范圍:in表示環(huán)境范圍,in后面的名詞和主語(yǔ)不是同一概念范疇;of/among表示對(duì)象范圍,of后面的名詞和主語(yǔ)是同一概念范疇;between表示在兩者之間,among表示在三者或三者以上之間。

(3)表示讓步:despite,in spite of,regardless of。

(4)呈現(xiàn)主題:about,on,concerning,regarding,with regard to,as to。

(5)呈現(xiàn)觀點(diǎn):according to,as for。

(1)as,like與with:意為“像……一樣”時(shí),as是連詞,like是介詞;意為“隨著”時(shí),as是連詞,with是介詞;as作介詞時(shí),意為“作為”。

(2)in:可表示“在……方面”。

(3)for:可表目的,意為“為了”。

(4)from:表示起點(diǎn)或來(lái)源,意為“從,來(lái)自”。

(5)with與without:with表示“具有,帶有;與……一起”;without表示“沒(méi)有”。

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