徐小紅
從前,一個(gè)小村子里有座漂亮的花園,春天鮮花盛開(kāi),夏天綠樹(shù)成蔭,秋天鮮果飄香,冬天白雪一片。村里的小動(dòng)物們都喜歡到這里來(lái)玩。今天,小兔一家來(lái)這里野餐。
看,可愛(ài)的小兔正在幫媽媽一起鋪野餐墊:
小兔:哇,好多好吃的東西??!都是我愛(ài)吃的呢,an apple,a peach,a bread ...
兔媽媽?zhuān)何业男」怨?!A bread?你確定?
小兔:是呀,怎么啦?我說(shuō)錯(cuò)了嗎?One,two,three ...
兔媽媽?zhuān)築read是不可數(shù)名詞,它是不可以直接用量詞來(lái)修飾的。我們可以用some bread來(lái)表達(dá)“一些面包”的意思。比如:
1. I brought some bread this morning. 今天早上我?guī)Я艘恍┟姘?/p>
2. Would you like some bread?你想要一些面包嗎?
第一個(gè)句子是肯定句,第二個(gè)句子是希望得到對(duì)方肯定回答的疑問(wèn)句,表達(dá)“一些”都是用some,當(dāng)然,如果遇到否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句,我們就要用any啦。比如:
1. There isn’t any bread on the table. 桌上沒(méi)有面包。
2. Was there any bread in the cupboard? 碗櫥里有面包嗎?
小兔:這個(gè)我懂啊,但是我就是想不通,這明明就是“一個(gè)面包”啊,為什么就不能數(shù)呢?
兔媽媽?zhuān)荷岛⒆樱〔豢蓴?shù)名詞就是不能直接數(shù)的,但是我們可以這么表達(dá):
一個(gè)面包 a loaf of bread 兩個(gè)面包 two loaves of bread ...
一片面包 a piece of bread 兩片面包 two pieces of bread ...
小兔:復(fù)數(shù)形式用在了量詞上!我又想到一個(gè)詞:rice(米;米飯)。
一些米 some rice
一碗米 a bowl of rice 兩碗米 two bowls of rice ...
一袋米 a bag of rice 兩袋米 two bags of rice ...
一千克米 a kilo of rice 兩千克米two kilos of rice ...
兔媽媽?zhuān)簩氊愓媛斆靼?,一點(diǎn)就通!一些常用的表示數(shù)量的短語(yǔ),要努力記住它們哦!
a piece of 一片 a loaf of 一個(gè) a bar of 一條
a cup of 一杯 a glass of 一杯(玻璃杯)
a bowl of 一碗 a bottle of 一瓶
a kilo of 一千克 a tin of 一罐
a pound of 一磅 half a pound of 半磅
小兔:現(xiàn)在我想起您前幾天放在桌子上的那張購(gòu)物單了。原來(lái)都是這類(lèi)用法的!
A piece of cheese. 一塊乳酪。 A loaf of bread. 一個(gè)面包。
A bar of soap. 一塊肥皂。 A bar of chocolate. 一塊巧克力。
A bottle of milk. 一瓶牛奶。 A pound of sugar. 一磅糖。
Half a pound of coffee. 半磅咖啡。 A tin of beer. 一聽(tīng)啤酒。
兔媽媽?zhuān)簩?duì)呀,這就是生活中的學(xué)問(wèn)!其實(shí),不只是不可數(shù)名詞可以通過(guò)量詞來(lái)數(shù),可數(shù)名詞也可以的。比如:
一包土豆 a package of potatoes 兩包土豆 two packages of potatoes ...
一串香蕉 a hand of bananas 兩串香蕉 two hands of bananas ...
一串葡萄 a bunch of grapes 兩串葡萄 two bunches of grapes ...
學(xué)到了新本領(lǐng),小兔迫不及待地跑向兔爸爸。此時(shí),兔爸爸正在河邊釣魚(yú)。
小兔:爸爸,媽媽剛剛教我不可數(shù)名詞的知識(shí)了,我都聽(tīng)懂了,厲害吧!
兔爸爸:很好啊,那你用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)說(shuō)看“一條魚(yú)!兩條魚(yú)!三條魚(yú)!……河里有許多魚(yú)!”
小兔:One fish! Two fishes! Three fishes!... There are a lot of fishes in the river!
兔爸爸:哈哈,我就知道你會(huì)上當(dāng)!Fish是個(gè)特殊的詞,它既可數(shù),又不可數(shù)。
小兔:這個(gè)怎么理解?。?/p>
兔爸爸:Fish理解為“魚(yú)的條數(shù)”時(shí),是沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式的;如果理解為“魚(yú)的種類(lèi)”,是有復(fù)數(shù)形式的。還記得《One Fish,Two Fish,Red Fish,Blue Fish》這首兒歌嗎?
One fish,two fish,red fish,blue fish.
Black fish,blue fish,old fish,new fish.
This one has a little star.
This one has a little car.
Say! What a lot of fish there are!
Yes. Some are red. And some are blue.
Some are old. And some are new.
Some are sad. And some are glad.
And some are very very bad.
Why are they sad and glad and bad?
I do not know. Go ask your dad.
Some are thin. And some are fat.
The fat one has a yellow hat.
From there to here,from here to there,
funny things are everywhere...
小兔:哦,一條魚(yú)!兩條魚(yú)!三條魚(yú)!……河里有許多魚(yú)!
One fish! Two fish! Three fish! ... There are a lot of fish in the river!
兔爸爸:生活中特殊的詞有很多,可數(shù)和不可數(shù)并不是那么絕對(duì)的。比如:
ice cream,ice creams
cake,cakes
chocolate,chocolates
cabbage,cabbages
lettuce,lettuces
chicken,chickens
小兔:這真是應(yīng)了“學(xué)無(wú)止境”這句話啊,單單不可數(shù)名詞就有這么多相關(guān)的內(nèi)容。
兔爸爸:誰(shuí)說(shuō)不是?。ish在表示“魚(yú)的條數(shù)”的時(shí)候,復(fù)數(shù)仍然是fish,類(lèi)似的詞還有sheep(綿羊)、deer(鹿)等。
小兔:看來(lái),我得好好學(xué)習(xí)才行啊!