李卉嬪

2017年5月13日，國家主席習近平會見來華出席“一帶一路”國際合作高峰論壇的匈牙利總理歐爾班，雙方共同宣布兩國建立全面戰(zhàn)略伙伴關系。同年，中匈雙邊貿(mào)易額創(chuàng)歷史新高，達101.4億美元，同比增長14.1%。作為第一個與中國簽署“一帶一路”相關備忘錄的歐洲國家，匈牙利與中國在經(jīng)貿(mào)、投資、金融、人文等領域合作亮點紛呈。對此，本刊記者專訪了匈牙利駐華大使白思諦先生，暢談“一帶一路”框架下中匈發(fā)展的愿景和期許。

記者：近年來，中匈合作愈加緊密，當前中匈交流與合作面臨哪些機遇？

白思諦：2018年是匈牙利和新中國建立外交關系的第69周年，匈牙利是最早承認中華人民共和國成立的國家之一。在過去的69年里，世界各國都發(fā)生了巨大的變化，但是匈中關系始終保持穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。兩國之間既不存在歷史問題也沒有利益沖突，進一步加強我們的伙伴關系是兩國及兩國人民的共同愿望。

當前，世界經(jīng)濟重心正從西方向東方轉移，從大西洋地區(qū)向太平洋地區(qū)轉移，中國是這次轉移的焦點所在。同樣地，中東歐地區(qū)是歐洲經(jīng)濟未來發(fā)展最有前景的地區(qū)，也是最具活力的地區(qū)?？v觀這個區(qū)域各個國家的發(fā)展，以及歐洲經(jīng)濟的增長數(shù)據(jù)，我們可以看到，歐洲經(jīng)濟目前發(fā)展的引擎在此。中國已經(jīng)成為匈牙利在歐盟以外最大的合作伙伴。在過去幾年中，我們將匈牙利打造成歐洲最具競爭力的投資環(huán)境之一，匈牙利也成為了中國投資者在中東歐地區(qū)投資最多的目的國。

記者：在“一帶一路”倡議和“中國一中東歐”合作框架下，中匈交流合作的亮點有哪些？

白思諦：匈牙利認為“一帶一路”倡議是一項宏偉的文明工程，是沿途所有國家的共同愿望。匈牙利是歐洲第一個加入“一帶一路”倡議的國家，2015年與中國簽署了《關于共同推進絲綢之路經(jīng)濟帶和21世紀海上絲綢之路建設的諒解備忘錄》，并于2016年同中國建立并啟動“一帶一路”工作組機制，我們很高興并渴望向實際合作的方向前進。

中東歐地區(qū)是世界上經(jīng)濟增長快速且最具競爭力的地區(qū)之一，而中國是世界第二大經(jīng)濟體，我們相信，如果這兩個經(jīng)濟發(fā)展勢頭迅猛的經(jīng)濟體聯(lián)合起來，將產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。匈牙利一直是“中國一中東歐（16+1）”合作中最堅定的支持者之一。這項多邊合作的基本理念誕生于2011年，當年首屆中國一中東歐國家經(jīng)貿(mào)論壇在布達佩斯舉行。次年，中國啟動了“16+1”合作框架。到目前為止，時間證明了這項區(qū)域性策略的必.要性和實用性。

記者：匈牙利是中東歐地區(qū)華人最多的國家，也是中國在中東歐地區(qū)最大的投資國，您如何看待這兩者之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系和獨特優(yōu)勢？

白思諦：我們的獨特優(yōu)勢在于匈牙利擁有中東歐地區(qū)最大的華人團體。他們的很多成員在此出生和生活了幾十年，為兩國人民和文化的交流搭建了橋梁。為了保持華人社區(qū)的文化特色，我們在布達佩斯建立了完整的小學、中學和大學雙語教育。這不僅有助于兩國人民更好地相互理解，同時也有利于維護共同的經(jīng)濟利益。在一個中國語言和文化被廣泛認同的國家和經(jīng)濟區(qū)，中國企業(yè)更容易獲得成功。

匈牙利地處歐洲重要的戰(zhàn)略位置，擁有歐盟5億多消費群體，還有來自東歐的2億消費群體。由于這里的高技能勞動力、杰出的大學教育、優(yōu)越的地理位置以及高水準的供應商和先進的商業(yè)基礎設施，全球80家超大型國際跨國企業(yè)中，近一半企業(yè)及其供應商（中小型）已在匈牙利建立了長期業(yè)務。對于投資者來說，匈牙利不僅是理想的生產(chǎn)基地，更是歐洲一個非凡的“先進制造及創(chuàng)新中心”。這與匈牙利進一步增加高附加值投資數(shù)量的規(guī)劃一致——除“匈牙利制造”的項目之外，越來越重視“匈牙利創(chuàng)造”的項目。

匈牙利已成為中東歐對華出0最大的國家，為此，我們深感自豪，根據(jù)中國的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)，僅2017年一年，我們對華出口增長了25%，因此匈牙利對華出口額在2017年達到了創(chuàng)紀錄的40億美元。同年，匈牙利成為中國在中東歐地區(qū)的第三大產(chǎn)品市場，也是中國在該地區(qū)的第三大貿(mào)易伙伴。

記者：對到匈牙利投資的中國企業(yè)，您有哪些建議？

白思諦：吸引中國投資對我們國家來說變得越來越重要。目前，匈牙利是中國在中東歐地區(qū)投資額最大的國家，超過42億歐元。我們希望在不久的將來，有更多的中國企業(yè)效仿華為、中興、萬華、中國中鐵、比亞迪、中國銀行、聯(lián)想等，這些中國企業(yè)將體驗到匈牙利有利的投資環(huán)境和政策，幫助其繁榮并進一步發(fā)展。

吸引中國對匈牙利的投資，是匈牙利政府很重要的愿景。因為從長遠來看，這是未來經(jīng)濟增長的基礎，也有助于使我國成為中東歐地區(qū)的制造業(yè)和創(chuàng)新中心。近年來，我國通過改革方針政策，包括引入以外貿(mào)為重點的外交政策來吸引外國直接投資、在區(qū)域內(nèi)引入最低的公司稅率之一、采用歐洲大陸最靈活的勞工法之一、2016-：2020年期間對研發(fā)活動的財政支持額增加一倍、建立適應勞動力市場需求的高等教育體系等措施，創(chuàng)造了歐洲最有利的投資發(fā)展環(huán)境之一。我們希望擴大兩國之間的合作范圍，并在創(chuàng)新和技術等領域進行深化。匈牙利政府已經(jīng)與六家中國企業(yè)簽署了戰(zhàn)略合作協(xié)議，除了最大的技術和制造公司之外，最近還涌現(xiàn)出新的投資，如比亞迪、延鋒汽車內(nèi)飾和波鴻集團，這些新投資案例均來自汽車行業(yè)。

至于優(yōu)惠措施，我們要強調(diào)的是，匈牙利擁有廣泛開放的經(jīng)濟，我們的政府旨在營造出對投資者友善的商業(yè)環(huán)境。無論注冊地在哪里，任何企業(yè)在匈牙利都遵循同樣的政策法規(guī)，絕對不會歧視外資企業(yè)，這也意味著我們國家沒有投資篩查機制。相反，匈牙利政府通過提供形式多樣的補貼激勵政策措施，來努力吸引外國投資者，補貼最高可能會占到總投資額的50%。

On May 13， 2017， Chinese！ President Xi Jinping met with?Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban ，who came to China to attend theBelt and Road Forum for InternationalCooperation， and announced the establishment?of a comprehensive strategic?partnership between the two countries. In 2017， the bilateral trade between?China and Hungary achieved a?record high of USD 10.14 billion，?marking a 14.1 % increase over the previous?year. As the first Europeancountry to sign a memorandum of understanding?（MoU） on the Belt andRoad Initiative with China， Hungary has?seen many highlights in its cooperation with?China in economy and trade?，investment， finance， culture and many other?areas. We arranged an exclusive interview?with Mr. Mate Pesti， Hungary’s ambassador to China， to talk abouthis visions and expectations on the?future development of China-Hungary relations?under the framework of theBelt and Road Initiative.

Q： As China-Hungary cooperation and?exchange are becoming increasingly?close in recent years， what do you think?are the opportunities facing the?two countries？

A： As one of the first countries that?recognized the establishment of thePeople's Republic of China， Hungary established?diplomatic ties with the PRC69 years ago. Significant changes have?taken place around the world over the?past 69 years， but China and Hungary have?maintained sound and steady relations. As we have neither historical dispute?nor conflict of interest， further enhancing?our partnership conforms to?the common aspirations of both countries?and both peoples.

Currently， the center of economic gravity?is shifting from the West towards?the East， from the Atlantic to?the Pacific. China is the focal point?of this shifting. Similarly， Central and?Eastern?Europe is the most promising and?the most economically vibrant region?in Europe. When we have a?look at the development of countries in?this region， and the data on economy growth?of Europe， we will see thatCentral and Eastern Europe is now the?engine for economic growth inEurope. China is now the second largest?partner of Hungary， only next to?the EU countries. Over the pasty ears， we have made Hungary one?of the European countries with the most?competitive environment for?investment， enabling Hungary to attract the?most investment from China?among all the countries in Central andEastern Europe.

Q： What are the highlights in China-Hungary cooperation and exchange under?the BRI and the "China-CEE"cooperation framework？

A： Hungary believes that the Belt andRoad Initiative is a magnificent project to?promote the exchange betweenEastern and Western civilizations，?and is the common aspiration of all?the countries along the BRI. As the first?European country to join the BRI，Hungary signed the Memorandum of?Understanding on Cooperation within?the Framework of the Silk RoadEconomic Belt and the 21st CenturyMaritime Silk Road Initiative with China in?2015， and established and launched?the "Belt and Road Initiative" working group?mechanism with China in 2016.We are glad to see and aspire for more progress?in our cooperation.

Central and Eastern?Europe is one?of the most competitive regions，?with rapid economic growth in the?world. China is the second largest economy?in the world. We believe that?the partnership between such two rapidly?growing economies will be of?great significance. Hungary has been one?of the determined advocates of"China-CEEC （16+ 1）" cooperation，?a multilateral cooperation concept which?was first proposed in 2011when the first China-CEEC BusinessForum was held in Budapest. In 2012，China initiated the "16+ 1" cooperation framework. So far， it has been proven over?time that this regional cooperation strategy?is necessary and practical.

Q： In Central and Eastern Europe，Hungary is home to the largest population?of Chinese and also the largest invested?of China. What is?your view about the interconnection between?the two， and what unique advantages?does Hungary have？

A： Having the largest population ofChinese in Central and Eastern Europe is?Hungary’s unique advantage.Many of these Chinese were bor inHungary and have lived there for several decades. They serve as a bridge for exchanges?between the two peoples and?the two cultures. To maintain cultural?characteristics of Chinese communities， we have established complete?bilingual education systems at primary， secondary and university levels?in Budapest， which not only helps the?two peoples better understand each other， but also helps safeguard our common?economic interests. Chinese enterprises?are more likely to succeed in?a country and economic zone where the?Chinese language and culture are widely?recognized.

Thanks to its favorable strategic location， Hungary has extended its reach?to 500 million and 200 million consumers?in the EU and EasternEurope， respectively. Its highly skilled labors， excellent university education，?favorable geographical location， well-developed suppliers and commercial?infrastructure in Hungary have attracted nearly?half of the world's top 80 superlarge transnationals and their suppliers（small and medium sized） to establish long-term?businesses in Hungary.For investors， Hungary is not online?ideal production base， but also an extraordinary?"advanced manufacturing and?innovation centre" in Europe.That is in line with Hungary's plan?of increasing high value - added investment?projects. In addition to projects?of "Made in Hungary"， projects of?"Created in Hungary" are receiving more?and more attention.

We are proud that Hungary has become?the largest exporter toChina in Central and Eastern Europe.According to the data of the NationalBureau of Statistics of China， our exports?to China increased by 25% in?2017 alone， so the export of Hungary to?China hit a record USD 4 billion in?2017. In the same year， Hungary became?the third largest product market?of China in Central and Easten Europe and also China's third largest trading?partner in this region.

Q： Is there any advice for Chinese enterprises?to invest in Hungary？

A： Attraction of Chinese investment is?becoming increasingly important for?Hungary. Hungary now embraces the?highest investment from China inCentral and Eastern?Europe， more than4.2 billion?euros. In the near future， we?hope that more Chinese enterpriseswill invest in Hungary following the steps?of Huawei， ZTE， Wanhua， ChinaRailway， BYD， Bank of China， andLenovo. They will be provided withfavorable investment environment and policies?that will help them grow.

It is an important vision of theHungarian government to attractChinese investment. Because it is the basis?for future growth of economy and?can also help build Hungary into?a manufacturing and innovationcenter in Central and Eastern Europe in?the long run. In recent years， we?have implemented a series of reform policies， including introducing foreign policies?that focus on attracting FDI?through foreign trade， applying one?of the lowest corporate tax rates within?the region， adopting one of the?most flexible labor laws of ContinentalEurope， doubling finance for R&D from2016 to 2020， and establishing a higher education?system that can meet the demand?of the labour market. With these?efforts， we have created one of?the most favorable investment arenas?in Europe. We hope to expand the?cooperation between the two countries?and deepen cooperation in?innovation and technology. TheHungarian government has signed strategic?cooperation agreements with six?Chinese enterprises， including the country's?technology and manufacturing giants?as well as emerging industrialplayers. For instance， companies from?the auto industry， including BYD，?Yanfeng Automotive Interiors and?Bohong Group.

In terms of preferential measures?，let me make this clear： Hungary is an economy?with extensive openness and?our government strives to create?an investor - -friendly business environment， where businesses inHungary， domestic or foreign， are subject?to the same policies and regulations?and will be equally treated despite?of their registered domiciles.In other words， Hungary doesn't set any?investment screening mechanism.Instead， we provide various incentives and?subsidies to attract foreign investment， which may account for50% of the total investment.