李喜群
摘 ?要: 為保證園林景觀設(shè)計(jì)的合理性,對(duì)其進(jìn)行規(guī)劃效果模擬具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)中兩種園林景觀規(guī)劃效果模擬系統(tǒng)存在的問題,在虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)一種新的園林景觀規(guī)劃效果模擬系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)整體框架由用戶層、應(yīng)用層以及顯示層三層結(jié)構(gòu)組成;根據(jù)系統(tǒng)框架結(jié)構(gòu)選用采集設(shè)備、主控設(shè)備、輸出及顯示設(shè)備等硬件;根據(jù)系統(tǒng)框架結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)軟件運(yùn)行主程序。經(jīng)驗(yàn)證,利用基于虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)的系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行園林景觀規(guī)劃效果模擬,真實(shí)感達(dá)到95%以上,要比傳統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)的模擬效果好。由此可見,基于虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)的系統(tǒng)性能更好。
關(guān)鍵詞: 虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù); 園林景觀; 規(guī)劃效果模擬; 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì); Unity3D; 性能測(cè)試
中圖分類號(hào): TN911?34; TP561 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼: A ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文章編號(hào): 1004?373X(2019)20?0149?03
Design of landscape planning effect simulation system based on virtual reality technology
LI Xiqun
(Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China)
Abstract: In order to ensure the rationality of garden landscape design, it is of great practical significance to simulate the effect of landscape planning. A new simulation system of garden landscape planning effect is designed based on virtual reality technology to solve the problems existing in two landscape planning effect simulation systems proposed in tradition system. The whole system framework is composed of three layers: user layer, application layer and display layer. Acquisition equipment, main control equipment, output device and display device are selected according to the system framework structure. The system software running main program is designed also according to the system framework structure. The verification results prove that the landscape planning simulation effect (realistic sense) of the system based on virtual reality technology is more than 95%, which is better than that of tradition system. Thus, the system performance based on virtual reality technology is better.
Keywords: virtual reality technology; garden landscape; planning effect simulation; system design; Unity3D; performance testing
隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,現(xiàn)代化的大都市逐漸形成。與此同時(shí),人們的生活節(jié)奏加快,精神世界受到影響,優(yōu)質(zhì)的自然環(huán)境建設(shè)可以緩解城市人民的精神壓力。園林景觀是現(xiàn)代化城市的重要組成部分[1],對(duì)園林景觀規(guī)劃進(jìn)行效果模擬具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本次針對(duì)文獻(xiàn)[2]和文獻(xiàn)[3]中園林景觀規(guī)劃模擬效果差的問題,基于虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)一種新的園林景觀規(guī)劃效果模擬系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)分為四個(gè)部分:第一,設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)整體組成框架;第二,選擇系統(tǒng)組成硬件;第三,模擬軟件運(yùn)行程序;第四,系統(tǒng)仿真實(shí)驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的有效性。結(jié)果表明,本系統(tǒng)真實(shí)感達(dá)到95%以上,系統(tǒng)性能更好,更能有效輔助園林景觀建設(shè)工作 [4]。
1 ?基于VR的園林景觀規(guī)劃效果模擬系統(tǒng)
利用計(jì)算機(jī)來產(chǎn)生一個(gè)三度空間的虛擬世界[5]。圖1為虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)原理示意圖。從圖1中可以歸納出虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)的交互性、沉浸感以及想象力三個(gè)基本特性,見圖2。
1) 交互性:用戶輸入相關(guān)指令操作計(jì)算機(jī)構(gòu)建虛擬場(chǎng)景,計(jì)算機(jī)完成場(chǎng)景模擬并將結(jié)果反饋給用戶。
2) 沉浸感:又稱為參與感,指用戶在構(gòu)建的虛擬場(chǎng)景中感官感覺到真實(shí)程度[6]。
3) 想象力:是指當(dāng)用戶置身虛擬場(chǎng)景中,通過判斷、想象等思維過程產(chǎn)生對(duì)虛擬場(chǎng)景的想象力。
1.1 ?系統(tǒng)整體框架
高質(zhì)量的虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)系統(tǒng)需要各項(xiàng)技術(shù)的參與。本次研究的基于VR技術(shù)的園林景觀規(guī)劃效果模擬系統(tǒng)主要由三層結(jié)構(gòu)組成,如圖3所示[7]。
1) 用戶層:為用戶提供輸入指令窗口,并將指令傳遞給計(jì)算機(jī),指揮計(jì)算機(jī)模擬園林景觀。
2) 應(yīng)用層:按照指令生成三維園林景觀圖像[8]。
3) 顯示層:將生成的園林景觀圖像反饋給用戶。
1.2 ?系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì)
根據(jù)上述系統(tǒng)整體框架組成,系統(tǒng)硬件主要包括采集設(shè)備、主控設(shè)備、輸出及顯示設(shè)備等。
1) 輸入設(shè)備
園林景觀規(guī)劃的首要環(huán)節(jié)是三維建模,其需要大量數(shù)據(jù),因此需要數(shù)據(jù)信息采集設(shè)備。
激光雷達(dá)是以發(fā)射激光束到地面,然后根據(jù)反射回來的激光束,利用脈沖測(cè)距法得到地形地貌等情況[9]。脈沖測(cè)距法原理公式如下:
傳感器能夠感受到被測(cè)量目標(biāo)的相關(guān)信息,并將其轉(zhuǎn)換為可用信號(hào),如圖4所示。
2) 主控設(shè)備
主控設(shè)備是核心硬件,在相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)采集之后,將數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)街骺匦酒?dāng)中,并利用完成園林景觀三維建模。選用ATMEL公司的AVR 單片機(jī)作為系統(tǒng)控制器[10]。
3) 輸出及顯示設(shè)備
輸出設(shè)備是進(jìn)行園林景觀規(guī)劃效果感受的設(shè)備,主要包括立體眼鏡、立體聲耳機(jī)等。
1.3 ?系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)
根據(jù)系統(tǒng)框架,設(shè)計(jì)園林景觀規(guī)劃效果模擬系統(tǒng)軟件運(yùn)行程序,如圖5所示。
主程序運(yùn)行流程:首先采集數(shù)據(jù),然后利用無線傳輸設(shè)備傳輸?shù)接?jì)算機(jī)。在計(jì)算機(jī)中運(yùn)行程序代碼,處理后,運(yùn)用處理好數(shù)據(jù)和圖像生成三維立體園林景觀。最后將生成效果模擬圖像傳輸?shù)捷敵黾帮@示設(shè)備當(dāng)中,以便用戶進(jìn)行效果體驗(yàn)[11]。
2 ?系統(tǒng)性能測(cè)試
園林景觀規(guī)劃模擬最理想的效果是使得用戶無法分辨出是否為虛擬場(chǎng)景。然而,目前無法達(dá)到100%相同。本次系統(tǒng)仿真測(cè)試就圍繞該目標(biāo)進(jìn)行。
首先構(gòu)建實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)見圖6,其主要參數(shù)設(shè)置如表1所示。
從表2中可知,本系統(tǒng)模擬真實(shí)性達(dá)到95.7%,而文獻(xiàn)[2]和文獻(xiàn)[3]分別為90.1%和87.3%??芍鞠到y(tǒng)的模擬水平要高于文獻(xiàn)[2]和文獻(xiàn)[3]系統(tǒng)。
3 ?結(jié) ?語
園林景觀在城市建設(shè)中有重要作用,對(duì)其進(jìn)行園林景觀規(guī)劃效果模擬十分必要。為此,設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)基于虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)的園林景觀規(guī)劃效果模擬系統(tǒng),來提高系統(tǒng)模擬的真實(shí)性,為園林設(shè)計(jì)和建設(shè)提供重要的參考,同時(shí)節(jié)省了大量的人力、物力。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] 宋揚(yáng).虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)在園林綠化設(shè)計(jì)中的應(yīng)用[J].浙江林業(yè)科技,2015(4):92?96.
SONG Yang. Application of virtual reality technology in landscape greening design [J]. Zhejiang forestry science and technology, 2015(4): 92?96.
[2] 高陽林,于璐.基于Unity3D的園林景觀虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)研究與系統(tǒng)開發(fā)[J].廣東輕工職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),2017,16(1):6?10.
GAO Yanglin, YU Lu. Research and system development of virtual reality technology for landscape architecture based on Unity3D [J]. Journal of Guangdong Light Industry Vocational and Technical College, 2017, 16(1): 6?10.
[3] 朱子君,張玉龍,崔玲玲.基于BIM技術(shù)的大型建筑景觀三維仿真系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)[J].現(xiàn)代電子技術(shù),2017,40(4):111?114.
ZHU Zijun, ZHANG Yulong, CUI Lingling. Design and implementation of large building landscape 3D simulation system based on BIM technology [J]. Modern electronic technology, 2017, 40(4): 111?114.
[4] 顧語琪,孔鑫,李彥雪.基于虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)的校園3D漫游系統(tǒng)研究[J].山西建筑,2018,44(13):264?265.
GU Yuqi, KONG Xin, LI Yanxue. Research on campus 3D roaming system based on virtual reality technology [J]. Shanxi architecture, 2018, 44 (13): 264?265.
[5] 尹娟,李君茹.基于虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)的園林景觀設(shè)計(jì)研究[J].中國(guó)園藝文摘,2015(7):121?123.
YIN Juan, LI Junru. Research on landscape design based on virtual reality technology [J]. Chinese horticultural abstracts, 2015 (7): 121?123.
[6] 王嘉寧,王策. 虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)(VR)在園林景觀設(shè)計(jì)中的應(yīng)用[J].天津農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué),2017,23(3):103?105.
WANG Jianing, WANG Ce. Application of virtual reality (VR) in landscape architecture [J]. Tianjin agricultural science, 2017, 23 (3): 103?105.
[7] 王長(zhǎng)柳,麥賢敏,趙兵,等.風(fēng)景園林合理分布三維圖像仿真系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)[J].計(jì)算機(jī)仿真,2017,34(8):265?268.
WANG Changliu, MAI Xianmin, ZHAO Bing, et al. Design of three?dimensional image simulation system for rational distribution of landscape architecture [J]. Computer simulation, 2017, 34(8): 265?268.
[8] 儲(chǔ)曉雷,李丹,李宏力.基于SuperMap的城市園林綠化管理系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)[J].交通科技與經(jīng)濟(jì),2017,19(4):68?72.
CHU Xiaolei, LI Dan, LI Hongli. Design of urban landscape greening management system based on super map [J]. Transportation science, technology and economy, 2017, 19 (4): 68?72.
[9] 張瑞超,張一丁.在園林景觀中導(dǎo)視系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的應(yīng)用與研究:以蘇州園林為例[J].西北林學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),2015,30(1):281?284.
ZHANG Ruichao, ZHANG Yiding. Application and research of guidance system design in landscape architecture: taking suzhou landscape architecture as an example [J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry College, 2015, 30 (1): 281?284.
[10] 劉明.基于虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)的虛擬校園系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)[J].中國(guó)新通信,2017,19(22):61?62.
LIU Ming. Design and implementation of virtual campus system based on virtual reality technology [J]. China new communications, 2017, 19(22): 61?62.
[11] 郭雨.虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)在園林景觀設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué)中的應(yīng)用與效果分析[J].美術(shù)教育研究,2016(10):121.
GUO Yu. Application and effect analysis of virtual reality technology in landscape design teaching [J]. Research on art education, 2016(10): 121.
[12] 上官大堰,丁禹懿,陳欣然.虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)在園林景觀視覺設(shè)計(jì)中的運(yùn)用[J].藝術(shù)教育,2016(6):188?189.
SHANGGUAN Dayan, DING Yuyi, CHEN Xinran. Application of virtual reality technology in visual design of landscape [J]. Art education, 2016(6): 188?189.