Chang Yu was born in an affluent family in Nanchong, Sichuan Province, in 1900. He started to practice painting and calligraphy since 10 years old. In 1919, together with Xu Beihong and Lin Fengmian, he visited Paris for study. In the same year he held calligraphy exhibition in Tokyo. He lived in Paris for the rest of his life. With financial support from his brother, Chang Yu was able to live a well-off life. However since 1930s when his brother passed away, Chang Yu began to live in a poor financial condition. Even though, Chang Yu never changed his painting style to cater to the demand of the public at that time. There is always a sense of loneliness in his painting no matter it was about naked women, figures, or still life. In the 50th anniversary of Chang Yus death in 2017, Taibei National Museum of History held a grand exhibition for Chang Yu, displaying his lifelong artworks including oil paintings, watercolor paintings, sketches, and sculptures. Chang Yu now is recognized as a painting master by the whole world.
常玉,本名常有書,1900年生于四川順慶(南充市)的富商家庭,10歲即與趙熙習(xí)畫。長于書法的他,1917年入上海美術(shù)學(xué)校就讀,1919年與徐悲鴻、林鳳眠一同前往巴黎勤工儉學(xué),并于同年赴日時在東京展出其書法作品,獲得當(dāng)?shù)仉s志刊載推薦。至67歲辭世,大致都住在巴黎。因有做絲綢生意的長兄給予經(jīng)濟(jì)支持,為他在巴黎的小資生活提供了保障。相比和他一起留學(xué)的同學(xué)勤學(xué)苦練,年輕的常玉是在咖啡館里,一邊看《紅樓夢》或是拉著小提琴,一邊作畫的。
常玉好友王季岡回憶:“其人美豐儀,且衣著考究,拉小提琴,打網(wǎng)球,更擅撞球。除此之外,煙酒無緣,不跳舞,也不賭。一生愛好是天然,翩翩佳公子也。”常玉也經(jīng)常請好友在法國吃正宗的中國大餐,出手闊綽,錢花光了,就向好友相借,等家中匯款一到,再作償還。上世紀(jì)30年代,常玉四川南充家中的兄長去世,他的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況也急轉(zhuǎn)直下,始料不及的變故,使常玉從花花公子瞬間變得一貧如洗,生活變得艱辛。
1938年歐戰(zhàn)即起,常玉的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況如雪上加霜,但他仍定期舉辦展覽。他曾參加過法國秋季沙龍、法國獨立沙龍,雖然在小范圍內(nèi)有所影響,但最終未能真成名,這讓常玉的生活變得更加艱難,也越來越孤獨。很多時候,藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作和世俗生活是相悖的。常玉的一生雖然孤寂無聞,然而他的藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作卻直抵心靈,也最終經(jīng)受住了時間考驗。不媚世俗,其人其畫終被認(rèn)可。
常玉偏愛裸女、人物、花卉靜物及動物等題材,終其一生描繪的對象不出上述主題。但不論是哪個主題,他都沒有一絲張揚(yáng)迎合,相反,你總能看出其中的孤獨感,頗有“不可向人語,獨自暗神傷”的自憐情態(tài)。重點是,他筆下的裸女跟一般人不一樣,幾乎看不到纖細(xì)體態(tài),大都豐滿肥碩,肉肉的孩子氣、潤潤的姿態(tài),曼妙無比,風(fēng)韻張揚(yáng)。甚至有的五官都不畫全,有的獨眼視人,有的若有所思,體態(tài)含羞帶怨。到了晚年,常玉的作品愈加簡潔樸實無華,技法爐火純青,達(dá)到了中西合璧的境界,透著一股純真之氣。也正是這分我行我素、不媚世俗的氣度,使其畫作在拍場上屢屢刷新紀(jì)錄。
2017年適逢常玉大師逝世50周年,臺北歷史博物館為紀(jì)念這位華人藝術(shù)家的繪畫成就,特別組織了全面概括常玉創(chuàng)作生涯的大型展覽,包括油畫、水彩、素描、雕塑等作品。臺北國立歷史博物館收藏有常玉40幾幅油畫巨作,于1978起定期舉辦他的回顧展及學(xué)術(shù)研究,借此宣揚(yáng)他在20世紀(jì)中國美術(shù)史上的成就。
畫家常玉一生大起大落,在藝術(shù)上堅持我行我素。而今,西方公認(rèn)他為世界級的繪畫大家。