AComparativeStudyontheLayoutandEstablishmentReasonsofTangandJapan’sAuxiliaryCapitals—TakingLuoyang,Taiyuan,Naniwakyo,KunikyoasExamples

Han Binna and Wang Yishen

This article compares the reasons for the establishment of Chinese and Japanese auxiliary capitals and the urban layout， revealing the common points of the auxiliary capital system in ancient China and Japan and the uniqueness of Japanese auxiliary capital construction. This article believes that both Tang and Japan show high similarities in urban layout， and most of the urban layout features in Japan come from China. On the other hand， there are obvious differences between the two parties in terms of the reasons for the establishment， which are embodied in two aspects of influence and development orientation.

GHQ’sDisposalofJapaneseSpecialBanksafterWorldWarⅡ—theCaseofYokohamaSpecieBank

Liu Fenghua

After Meiji Restoration， many special banks were set up for the needs of industry breeding， business initiating and external expansion. These financial institutions with the brand of government， played an important role in Japan’s rise and even aggressive expansion. As a special bank mainly responsible for Japan’s foreign trade and international exchange， Yokohama Specie Bank (abbr. YHB) used banking business to assist the government’s invasion during the period of the Japanese aggressive wars， so it was punished by the General Headquarters (abbr. GHQ) after World War Ⅱ. However， due to limited understanding of GHQ for Japanese special banks， and the bodies of national and obstruct willfully of the Japanese government and Treasury Department， as well as the transformation of the United States policy for Japan， GHQ led by the United States disposed YSB slowly and its measures have been moderate. The disposal of YSB by GHQ is a typical example of the incompleteness and even the without-being-thorough disposal of the Japanese financial system of the United States after World War Ⅱ.

PublicHealthSystemandBodyFormationinModernJapan

Sun Zhipeng

In the process of the evolution of the public health system in modern Japan， the physical contract was changed accordingly. During the Meiji period， the epidemic prevention system with the control of acute infectious diseases was established， the people’s bodies were placed under the supervision of the national state， and the modern body was formed. From Taisho to Showa， the prevention system with chronic infectious diseases was extended， and the badies of national was placed in the chain of the industrial economic system， the working body was agreed. The Ministry of Health and Welfare constructed a health care system with physical promotion and tuberculosis eradication， and the body was hijacked by the total war， thus alienated into the body of war. In short， public health power was deeply involved in the people’s body space and forced to reach a body contract. nationalization of the body is the political philosophy of body formation.

AStudyofSino-JapaneseFriendshipandTradeTreatyasaDiscursivePractice

Sun Luodan

The Sino-Japanese Friendship and Trade Treaty was the first treaty between Japan and Qing China based on the international law rather than the traditional world order of tributary system in East Asian. The relevant researches are very rich. In recent years， many scholars have re-examined the treaty-making process， the nature and the impact of Sino-Japanese Friendship and Trade Treaty. This article attempts to assess it in the perspective of “discursive practice”， analyzing power/knowledge dynamics in the negotiation and signing process， the languages used， the translation， and the rhetoric of treaty text， and re-estimate the significance of the Sino-Japanese Friendship and Trade Treaty in the modern East Asian world.

NewTrendsintheImplementationofNationalLanguageEducationinJapan’sHignSchools—BasedontheRevisionoftheJapaneseHighSchoolNationalLanguageSyllabusin2018

Liu Guiping and Piao Yinshi

The revised new high school language teaching outline in this case release in March 30， 2018. The Japanese Ministry of Education published as the research object， to investigate and analyze the new trend of the strategy of national language education in Japanese high school. Compared with the current high school mandarin teaching syllabus， the New teaching syllabus has four obvious changes： High school mandarin course consists of six subjects： “Modern national language”， “l(fā)anguage culture”， “l(fā)ogical national language”， “l(fā)iterary national language”， “national language expression” and “classical inquiry”；The overall goal of language teaching and the contents of teaching objectives are more detailed； The training contents of each branch are divided into two parts： “knowledge skill training” and “quality ability training”；Further emphasis is placed on the importance of Japanese traditional culture in Mandarin education.

TranslationandInterpretationoftheEnkiandNin-hursagEpic

Li Haifeng

EnkiandNin-hursageEpicis one of the most complete epic found in Sumerian mythology so far, and the content of this epic is also of great significance. This epic focuses on explaining the mythological origin of various plants and is an important part of the Creation Epic of Mesopotamia. It is also known as the Paradise Myth of Mesopotamia, and many scholars believe that many plots of the Garden of Eden in the Bible come from this epic.

OntheIndividualTendencyintheNewHistorybyZosimus

Hu Changjiang

Zosimus was Byzantine historian in the 5th century. Regarding his life， the historical records are unknown. From the available information， Zosimus was active in Constantinople in the middle and late 5th century AD， born in a declined noble family， he was a faithful defender of the traditional Roman polytheism， a count and advocate of the imperial treasury. TheNewHistory， which reviews the decline of the Roman Empire， is the only book in its later generations that focuses on the late Roman history from the 4th century to the early 5th century. Affected by the purpose of writing and the author’s background in the times， the author ’s personal thought orientation was strong in theNewHistory： first， criticizing individual dictatorship；second， opposing Christianity.

ThePensionMovementforVeteransoftheRevolutionaryWarandtheEarlyStateBuildingintheUnitedStates

Wang li

From the Revolutionary War to the Civil War， the political elites and American society had no objection to the government’s pension for disabled veterans， but they disputed on whether the honorably retired non-disabled soldiers were eligible to enjoy the veterans’ pension. In the Congressional debate， the opinions of the opponents prevailed. Under the active promotion of the Continental Army Commander-in-Chief George Washington and the pressure of the Veterans’ Pension Movement， the opponents compromised and agreed that honorably retired non-disabled soldiers were eligible to enjoy the veterans’ pension. It’s worth noting that this compromise is only an emergency policy of the government， and it did not settled the disputes. The different attitude towards the veterans’ pension also reflects the different state-building ideas of the political elites during this period. At the same time， the veterans’ pension movement also had an impact on the early state-building process in the United States.

TheHistoricalEvolutionofthePowerRoleofEnglishKingandParliamentinBritishColoniesinNorthAmerica

Li Lianguang

During the colonial times in North America， English kings and British Parliament played the different power roles at various times. From the development trend terms， with the Parliament’s power growing and the kings’ forces decline， the Parliament expanded its influence gradually in the management of affairs in British colonies in North American； but comprehensive survey， the British kings always played leading roles in the management of the affairs. After the Seven years war， the British King’s inappropriate form of rule gave birth to the maturity of revolutionary situation in British colonies in North America.

TheEconomicAnalysisofWomenConsumptionofEnglandinSeventeenth-EighteenthCentury

Li Wei

From 17th to 18th centuries， it was a crucial period for the formation and development of the British consumer society. Women were regarded as the subject of luxury consumption by the thinkers， moralists and social critics at that time， which attracted extensive attention and received a lot of criticism and accusation. From the economic perspective， women at that time showed a complex pattern in clothing consumption， leisure and entertainment consumption， surrogate household consumption and other aspects， and there were great differences among female consumers. However， in general， women were not wasteful spenders of wealth. On the contrary， most of their consumption is reasonable and their own consumption accounts for a small proportion as well the majority of spent was used for families.

ThinkingonPlantandtheRiseofPlantinWesternPhilosophy

Mu Jing

Faced with the issue of modernity， Michael Marder proposed to take philosophical plant as a new path for the further development of Western philosophy. The philosophical plant is based on the method of deriving from the plant itself， which is essentially different from plant philosophy. This paper firstly introduces the background of the rise of philosophical plant and related concepts， then studies the differences between philosophical plant and plant philosophy， and combs the appearance of plant in Western philosophy， finally conducts a comparative analysis of Chinese and Western philosophical plant. It turns out that Chinese philosophy has unique care to plant， but the background of plant is not much different from Western philosophy， at the same time， it lacks insights and opinions of philosophical plant.

Myth,HistoryandReality:BeniteandTenLostTribesinIsrael

Jiang Zhen and Miao Yiyi

In the 8th century BC， after the fall of the state of Israel， the Assyrian Empire exiled ten tribes in Israel， and then their complete loss at the secular and biblical level led to the emergence of ten lost tribes in Israel. The study of this issue is represented by the American historian Zvi Ben Doyle Benite. He believes that the formation and development of this issue are in step with the evolution of world history， thus becoming a unique perspective for the study of the formation and development of world history. The expansion of the exile history， the mystery of the Bible interpretation and the fuzziness of the exile position of ten tribes in Israel eventually led to the formation of this problem， and with the desire of the Messiah redemption and the demand of the real politics， the ten lost tribes in Israel finally connected with the real world.

Rationality,StabilityandChallengesoftheLebaneseConfessionalPoliticalSystem:FromthePerspectiveofPoliticalOrder

Yi Xiaoming

Lebanese confessional political systems had its rationality of existence， which was helpful to Lebanon state building， met the requirements of responsible government， and achieved the goal of democracy to a certain extent. The system was also stable， with good inheritance and adaptability； communalism was deeply rooted in Lebanon. The rise of civil society and its increasing political participation posed threat to the system. Due to the inherent defects of civil society and the system of strong ability of self-regulation， the challenges of civil society were relatively limited.

AnalysesandCommentsonSergeiMikhailovichSoloviev’sHistoricalWritingandConceptionofState

Guo Dan

S. M. Soloviev is the most representative historian of “state school” in Russian historiography of history in mid-19thcentury and representative scholar of western school in Russia academia in 19thcentury.HistoryofRussiafromtheEarliestTimesin 29 volumes embody his idea of state systematically: inquiring history of Russian state over a long period of time， endowing Russia history with unity and integrity; the law of Russian history is changing from clan tribal organizations to the state; geographical factors have an important influence on shaping the uniqueness of Russian history. Soloviev gave consideration to the unity and uniqueness of Russian state historical development and answered the question of how Russia chose its historical development path in the 19thcentury. Soloviev made a pioneering study of Russian history in the 17thcentury， affirming the historical significance of Russia’s learning from the West; he constructed Russian national identity by answering “Norman question” and “Tatar question”; geographical factors determined the unbalanced pattern of development between Eastern and Western Europe， as well as between north and south of Russia， and are deep drive of Russia’s learning from the West as well as achieving unification. This made a theoretical and discourse preparation for the reform of Russian serfdom in 1861 and also displayed the contemporary concerns of Soloviev’s historical research.

TheAcceptanceofWesternAestheticEducationThoughtsinModernChina

Zhan Hongyan and Wang Que

Modern China’s translation and introduction of Western learning reflects the trend of “no organization， no choice， no roots， unknown sects， just take more”， but when it comes to aesthetic education， the pioneers of new ideas at the turn of the century have shown a clear purpose and choice， that is to use modern aesthetic education to dominate both the traditional Chinese concept of “rites and music” education and the thinking of Western aesthetic education， then strive to create a new aesthetic education that blends Chinese and Western aesthetics； meanwhile in the selection of Western aesthetic education concepts and ideological resources， they also clearly tended to focus on Kant， Schiller， and a few thinkers with the core of near-agent spirit and political concepts， not blindly seek more or pursue the new.