国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

綜合性康復(fù)介入輔助早期營養(yǎng)支持策略對(duì)早產(chǎn)兒營養(yǎng)狀況及生長發(fā)育的影響

2020-02-29 10:41吳愛珍蔣慧玲高麗娟
中國現(xiàn)代醫(yī)生 2020年1期
關(guān)鍵詞:生長發(fā)育營養(yǎng)狀況早產(chǎn)兒

吳愛珍 蔣慧玲 高麗娟

[摘要] 目的 探討綜合性康復(fù)介入輔助早期營養(yǎng)支持策略治療對(duì)早產(chǎn)兒營養(yǎng)狀況及生長發(fā)育的影響。 方法 選取2015年1月~2018年8月在我院婦產(chǎn)科出生的早產(chǎn)兒120例。將其分為觀察組與對(duì)照組,每組60例。兩組早產(chǎn)兒均予以早期營養(yǎng)支持策略,對(duì)照組予以嬰兒常規(guī)體檢并采用常規(guī)育兒方式進(jìn)行養(yǎng)育;觀察組在對(duì)照組基礎(chǔ)上予以綜合性康復(fù)介入輔助治療。觀察并比較兩組早產(chǎn)兒2周內(nèi)營養(yǎng)狀況及生長發(fā)育指標(biāo)變化情況。 結(jié)果 治療2周后,兩組早產(chǎn)兒血清PA和ALB水平均較出生時(shí)明顯上升(P<0.05或P<0.01),且觀察組早產(chǎn)兒上升幅度較對(duì)照組更明顯(P<0.05);同時(shí)觀察組早產(chǎn)兒體質(zhì)量、頭圍增加速度和身長增長速率明顯快于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 綜合性康復(fù)介入輔助早期營養(yǎng)支持策略治療用于早產(chǎn)兒不僅可顯著提高血清PA和ALB水平,改善其營養(yǎng)狀況;而且可加快早產(chǎn)兒的生長速率,促進(jìn)其生長發(fā)育,降低生長遲緩發(fā)生率。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 早產(chǎn)兒;早期營養(yǎng)支持策略;綜合性康復(fù)介入;營養(yǎng)狀況;生長發(fā)育

[中圖分類號(hào)] R722.6? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2020)01-0056-03

Effect of comprehensive rehabilitation interventional combined with early nutrition support strategy on nutritional status, growth and development of premature infants

WU Aizhen? ?JIANG Huiling? ?GAO Lijuan

Department of Pediatrics, Lishui Central Hospital in Zhejiang Province, Lishui? ?323000, China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the effect of comprehensive nutritional rehabilitation interventional combined with early nutritional support strategy on nutritional status, growth and development of premature infants. Methods A total of 120 preterm infants born in our department of obstetrics and gynaecology from January 2015 to August 2018 were selected and divided into observation group and control group, with 60 patients in each group. Premature infants in both groups were given early nutrition support strategies, and the control group was given routine physical examination and adopted regular parenting methods for parenting. The observation group was given comprehensive rehabilitation interventional therapy based on the treatment of the control group. The changes in nutritional status, growth and development indicators were observed and compared between the two groups of preterm infants within 2 weeks. Results After 2 weeks of treatment, the serum PA and ALB levels of both groups increased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the increase in the observation group was more obvious than that of the control group(P<0.05). At the same time, the body weight, head circumference increase rate and body length growth rate of premature infants in the observation group were significantly faster than those in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Comprehensive rehabilitation interventional combined with early nutritional support strategy for preterm infants can not only significantly improve serum PA and ALB levels, improve their nutritional status, but also accelerate the growth rate of premature infants, promote their growth and development, and reduce low growth retardation rate.

[Key words] Premature infants; Early nutritional support strategies; Comprehensive rehabilitation intervention; Nutritional status; Growth and development

早產(chǎn)兒由于在母體內(nèi)發(fā)育時(shí)間短、自身營養(yǎng)儲(chǔ)備不足等因素,不適當(dāng)?shù)臓I養(yǎng)供給極易發(fā)生宮外發(fā)育遲緩,影響器官結(jié)構(gòu)和功能發(fā)育,嚴(yán)重時(shí)造成神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的損傷。因此,對(duì)早產(chǎn)兒進(jìn)行積極營養(yǎng)支持干預(yù)糾正宮外發(fā)育遲緩,改善其營養(yǎng)狀況顯得尤為重要[1-2]。目前臨床上對(duì)早產(chǎn)兒的早期營養(yǎng)支持策略主要包括靜脈營養(yǎng)、母乳喂養(yǎng)及腸外營養(yǎng)支持等[3,4]。國外諸多研究發(fā)現(xiàn),早產(chǎn)兒在早期營養(yǎng)支持策略基礎(chǔ)上予以口部感覺及肌力訓(xùn)練、非營養(yǎng)性吸吮、早期微量喂養(yǎng)和新生兒撫觸等綜合性康復(fù)介入手段可提高營養(yǎng)支持的效果等[5,6]。本研究探討綜合性康復(fù)介入輔助早期營養(yǎng)支持策略對(duì)早產(chǎn)兒營養(yǎng)代謝及生長發(fā)育的影響,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

選取2015年1月~2018年8月在我院婦產(chǎn)科出生的早產(chǎn)兒120例。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[7]:①胎齡28~37周,出生體質(zhì)量≤2000 g;②生命體征穩(wěn)定,預(yù)計(jì)住院時(shí)間>2周。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[8]:①先天性消化道疾病、遺傳代謝性或心肺疾病者;②有手術(shù)史者。采用拋硬幣法將早產(chǎn)兒分為觀察組與對(duì)照組,每組60例。兩組早產(chǎn)兒的性別、胎齡、出生體質(zhì)量和5 min Apgar評(píng)分等比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。見表1。

1.2 方法

兩組早產(chǎn)兒均予以早期營養(yǎng)支持策略,采用母乳喂養(yǎng)或鼻飼喂養(yǎng),如母乳不足就補(bǔ)充早產(chǎn)兒專用配方奶喂養(yǎng);同時(shí)在24 h內(nèi)給予靜脈營養(yǎng)支持,保證熱量攝入在(250~335)kJ/(kg·d),予氨基酸3.5 g/(kg·d)和20%脂肪乳3 g/(kg·d),當(dāng)腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)達(dá)到418.68 kJ/(kg·d)時(shí)停止靜脈營養(yǎng)。對(duì)照組予以嬰兒常規(guī)體檢并采用常規(guī)育兒方式進(jìn)行養(yǎng)育。觀察組在對(duì)照組基礎(chǔ)上予以綜合性的康復(fù)介入輔助治療,包括:①口部感覺及肌力訓(xùn)練:使用消毒棉簽依次刺激唇周、舌尖、兩側(cè)面頰和舌面前2/3,5 min/次,3次/d;②非營養(yǎng)性吸吮:在喂奶前后予以早產(chǎn)兒型硅膠安撫奶嘴吸吮,10 min/次,3次/d;③新生兒撫觸:用雙手拇指和掌面依次撫觸頭部、胸腹部、四肢、手掌手指、足底腳趾和背部皮膚,20 min/次,3次/d。觀察并比較兩組早產(chǎn)兒2周內(nèi)營養(yǎng)狀況及生長發(fā)育指標(biāo)變化情況。

1.3 觀察指標(biāo)

1.3.1 營養(yǎng)狀況指標(biāo)? 采用血清前白蛋白(PA)和白蛋白(ALB)評(píng)估營養(yǎng)狀況,采用全自動(dòng)生化分析儀測定。

1.3.2 生長發(fā)育指標(biāo)? 包括體質(zhì)量、頭圍增加速度和身長增長速率。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理

應(yīng)用SPSS18.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料以[n(%)]表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 兩組早產(chǎn)兒出生時(shí)及治療2周后血清PA和ALB水平的變化

兩組早產(chǎn)兒出生時(shí)血清PA和ALB水平比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療2周后,兩組早產(chǎn)兒血清PA和ALB水平均較出生時(shí)明顯上升(P<0.05或P<0.01),且觀察組早產(chǎn)兒上升的幅度較對(duì)照組更明顯(P<0.05)。見表2。

2.2 兩組早產(chǎn)兒生長發(fā)育情況比較

觀察組早產(chǎn)兒體質(zhì)量、頭圍增加速度和身長增長速率明顯快于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表3。

3 討論

近年來,隨著新生兒重癥監(jiān)護(hù)技術(shù)不斷進(jìn)步,早產(chǎn)兒尤其是低出生體重兒的救治成功率大幅度上升[9,10]。但是由于早產(chǎn)兒呼吸和消化道發(fā)育尚不完善,早期吸吮、吞咽和協(xié)調(diào)功能較差,賁門括約肌發(fā)育欠完全并處于松弛狀態(tài),因此經(jīng)口母乳喂養(yǎng)易發(fā)生胃食道反流、呼吸暫?;蛭桂B(yǎng)不耐受等現(xiàn)象,這使得臨床醫(yī)生延遲經(jīng)口母乳喂養(yǎng)或?qū)幽塘勘容^謹(jǐn)慎,使得早產(chǎn)兒營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)攝入不足[11-13]。以往臨床上常采用腸外營養(yǎng)來滿足早產(chǎn)兒的營養(yǎng)需求,但長時(shí)間的腸外營養(yǎng)不僅影響早產(chǎn)兒味覺、知覺的發(fā)育,且易引起胃腸黏膜萎縮和膽汁淤滯性黃疸等風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的增加。采用早期營養(yǎng)支持策略不僅降低了早產(chǎn)兒的早期營養(yǎng)缺失,有利于其腸道功能的早期建立,促進(jìn)生長發(fā)育,降低早產(chǎn)兒宮外發(fā)育遲緩的發(fā)生比例,但由于部分早產(chǎn)兒予以早期營養(yǎng)支持策略后效果仍欠理想,因此,采取有效措施對(duì)早產(chǎn)兒早期營養(yǎng)支持策略進(jìn)行積極干預(yù),改善其營養(yǎng)狀況顯得尤為重要[14-17]。

本研究采用口部感覺及肌力訓(xùn)練、非營養(yǎng)性吸吮、早期微量喂養(yǎng)和新生兒撫觸等綜合性的康復(fù)介入輔助早期營養(yǎng)支持策略治療用于早產(chǎn)兒取得了較好的效果,其中口部感覺及肌力訓(xùn)練,使得口腔肌肉的力量得到加強(qiáng),有利于早產(chǎn)兒的吸吮;同時(shí)口部感覺訓(xùn)練通過感受器傳遞到中樞神經(jīng),加快中樞和周圍神經(jīng)的發(fā)育成熟,改善吸吮和吞咽功能[18]。非營養(yǎng)性吸吮是指不能接受經(jīng)口喂養(yǎng)的新生兒在采用胃管喂養(yǎng)或全靜脈營養(yǎng)時(shí),給其吸空的橡皮奶頭,這不僅促進(jìn)早產(chǎn)兒口腔滿足感,刺激其味覺和知覺的盡早發(fā)育,促進(jìn)口腔舌脂酶的分泌釋放,有利于吸吮反射的發(fā)育成熟,使得吸吮力逐漸增加,可興奮迷走神經(jīng),促進(jìn)胃腸道的生長發(fā)育及胃腸功能的成熟;還能改善早產(chǎn)兒生理、行為[19,20];新生兒撫觸是一種通過觸摸新生兒的皮膚和機(jī)體,刺激皮膚感受器上傳到中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng),促進(jìn)新生兒身心健康發(fā)育的科學(xué)育嬰新方法;這不僅可以刺激早產(chǎn)兒感覺器官的發(fā)育,還可以增進(jìn)早產(chǎn)兒的生理成長和神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)反應(yīng),更可以增加早產(chǎn)兒對(duì)外在環(huán)境的認(rèn)知,在觸摸的過程中,也加深親子之間的濃厚感情;同時(shí)可加強(qiáng)頭、頸和肢體姿勢的控制,為吞咽和呼吸更加穩(wěn)定奠定基礎(chǔ),不僅減少停頓-吞咽-停頓狀態(tài),而且增加呼氣-吞咽-呼氣狀態(tài),改善早產(chǎn)兒經(jīng)口喂養(yǎng)的技能,進(jìn)一步完成吸吮、吞咽、呼吸的協(xié)調(diào)[21]。本研究顯示,觀察組早產(chǎn)兒血清PA和ALB水平上升的幅度較對(duì)照組更明顯。提示綜合性康復(fù)介入輔助早期營養(yǎng)支持策略治療用于早產(chǎn)兒可顯著提高血清PA和ALB水平,改善其營養(yǎng)狀況;同時(shí)研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),觀察組早產(chǎn)兒體質(zhì)量、頭圍增加速度和身長增長速率明顯快于對(duì)照組。提示綜合性康復(fù)介入輔助早期營養(yǎng)支持策略治療用于早產(chǎn)兒可加快早產(chǎn)兒的生長速率,促進(jìn)其生長發(fā)育。

總之,綜合性康復(fù)介入輔助早期營養(yǎng)支持策略治療用于早產(chǎn)兒不僅可顯著提高血清PA和ALB水平,改善其營養(yǎng)狀況;而且可加快早產(chǎn)兒的生長速率,促進(jìn)其生長發(fā)育,降低生長遲緩發(fā)生率。

[參考文獻(xiàn)]

[1] Tekgündüz K,Gürol A,Apay SE,et al. Effect of abdomen massage for prevention of feeding intolerance in preterm infants[J]. Ital J Pediatr,2014,40(14):89-94.

[2] Fucile S,Gisel EG,McFarland DH,et al. Oral and non-oral sensorimotor interventions enhance oral feeding performance in preterm infants[J]. Dev Med Child Neurol,2011,53(9):829-835.

[3] Unger S,Stintzi A,Shah Pl,et al. Gut microbiota of the very-low-birth-weight infant[J]. Pediatr Res,2015,77(1-2):205-213.

[4] Costa S,Maggio L,Sindico P,et al. Preterm small for gestational age infants are not at higher risk for parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis[J]. J Pediatr,2010, 156(4):575-579.

[5] Kumar J,Upadhyay A,Dwivedi AK,et al. Effect of oil massage on growth in preterm neonates less than 1800 g:A randomized control trial[J]. Indian J Pediatr,2013,80(6):465-469.

[6] 張健芳,鄧瓊暉,鄧智青,等. 早期不同喂養(yǎng)聯(lián)合不同營養(yǎng)支持方式對(duì)早產(chǎn)兒生長與代謝的影響[J]. 吉林醫(yī)學(xué),2018,39(3):460-462.

[7] 倪文思,張永紅,李婷,等. 早期康復(fù)介入降低早產(chǎn)兒宮外生長發(fā)育遲緩的研究[J]. 中國當(dāng)代兒科雜志,2018, 20(2):97-101.

[8] Ng E,Shah V. Erythromycin for the prevention and treatment of feeding intolerance in preterm infants[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2008,16(3):1815-1816.

[9] 宋朝敏,楊長儀,王程毅,等. 早期營養(yǎng)支持策略對(duì)極低出生體重兒生長代謝及并發(fā)癥的影響[J]. 中國新生兒科雜志,2013,28(6):379-384.

[10] Kamarudin NA,Manan MM,Zulkifly HH,et al. Amino acid dosing in parenteral nutrition for very low birth weight preterm neonates:An outcome assessment[J]. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr,2016,25(1):53-61.

[11] Bora R,Mukhopadhyay K,Saxena AK,et al. Prediction of feed intolerance and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates with absentend diastolic flow in umbilical artery and the correlation of feed intolerance with postnatal superior mesenteric artery flow[J]. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine,2009,22(11):1092-1096.

[12] Vlaardingerbroek H,van Goudoever JB,van den Akker CH. Initial nutritional management of the preterm infants[J].Early Hum Dev,2009,85(11):691-695.

[13] Scott C Denne. Early nutritional support for extremely premature infants:What aminoacid amount should be given?[J]. AM J Clin Nutr,2016,103(8):1383-1384.

[14] Valentine CJ,F(xiàn)ernandez S,Rogers LK,et al. Early amino-acid administration improves preterm infant weight[J]. J Perinatol,2009,29(6):428-432.

[15] Jirapaet K,Jirapaet V,Sritipsukho S. Safety of initiating early enteral feeding with slow volume advancement in preterm infants[J]. J Med Assoc Thai,2010,93(10):1177-1187.

[16] Rodriguez NA,Meier PP,Groer MW,et al. A pilot study to determine the safety and feasibility of oropharyngeal administration of own mother's colostrum to extremely low-birth-weight infants[J]. Adv Neonatal Care,2010,10(4):206-212.

[17] Meier PP,Engstrom JL,Patel AL,et al. Improving the use of human milk during and after the NICU stay[J]. Clin Perinatol,2010,37(1):217-245.

[18] Fucile S,McFarland DH,Gisel EG,et al. Oral and nonoral sensorimotor interventions facilitate suck-swallow-respiration functions and their coordination in preterm infants[J]. Early Hum Dev,2012,88(6):345-350.

[19] 王梅芳. 非營養(yǎng)性吸吮促進(jìn)早產(chǎn)兒胃腸道功能成熟的效果[J]. 江蘇醫(yī)藥,2016,42(1):99-100.

[20] 經(jīng)連芳,韋秋芬,李燕,等. 非營養(yǎng)性吸吮對(duì)早產(chǎn)兒營養(yǎng)胃腸道轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)時(shí)間及喂養(yǎng)相關(guān)并發(fā)癥的影響[J]. 中國婦幼健康研究,2017,28(1):16-17.

[21] Pepino VC,Mezzacappa MA. Application of tactile/kinesthetic stimulation in preterm infants:A systematic review[J]. J Pediatr(Rio J),2015,91(3):213-233.

(收稿日期:2018-12-27)

猜你喜歡
生長發(fā)育營養(yǎng)狀況早產(chǎn)兒
術(shù)前營養(yǎng)狀況對(duì)膽道閉鎖Kasai術(shù)后自體肝生存的影響
早產(chǎn)兒長途轉(zhuǎn)診的護(hù)理管理
北京市房山區(qū)532名中小學(xué)生營養(yǎng)狀況調(diào)查
晚期早產(chǎn)兒輕松哺喂全攻略
2015-2016年北京市門頭溝區(qū)在校中小學(xué)生視力不良與營養(yǎng)狀況
357例惡性腫瘤患兒營養(yǎng)狀況調(diào)查
早產(chǎn)兒視網(wǎng)膜病變及診治進(jìn)展
早產(chǎn)兒的家庭護(hù)理