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沿著詩路游浙江

2020-03-16 03:17:15潘心怡
文化交流 2020年2期
關(guān)鍵詞:仙都詩路唐詩

潘心怡

“一文含四帶,十地耀百珠”,文化之魂通過一句句詩句,深深鐫刻在了浙江大地。浙江省的“詩路文化帶”,就是把山水和文化融合的詩路建設(shè)。浙江省黃金旅游線及首批詩路旅游目的地的甄選,是對浙江歷史文脈、旅游資源的重新梳理,讓一個個詩路文化新地標(biāo)串珠成鏈,串起詩路文化之“鏈”,串起詩畫山水之“鏈”,串起全域發(fā)展之“鏈”,讓大家樂在景里、游在詩里,共享浙江這個詩畫大花園。

嵊州市越劇小鎮(zhèn)

嵊州素有“東南山水越為最,越地風(fēng)光剡領(lǐng)先”之譽,靈秀的剡溪風(fēng)光,引得眾多唐代詩人入剡尋根溯源、行游吟誦,留下千古名篇。在嵊州,詩歌是可以用越劇唱出來的,坐落于剡溪之畔的越劇小鎮(zhèn),依托嵊州境內(nèi)萬年小黃山、千年唐詩路留下的文化積淀,以及秀美壯闊的自然風(fēng)光而建,在展示發(fā)源于嵊州的百年藝術(shù)瑰寶、全國第二大劇種越劇的同時,將詩歌與越劇結(jié)合,讓“詩路嵊州”有了新玩法。

蒸魚聞匕首,除道哂要章。越女天下白,鑒湖五月涼。

剡溪蘊秀異,欲罷不能忘。歸帆拂天姥,中歲貢舊鄉(xiāng)。

——《壯游》()杜甫

新昌縣天姥山國家級風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)

作為“浙東唐詩之路”的首倡地,新昌的萬般詩意都容納進了山水之中。新昌縣天姥山國家級風(fēng)景名勝區(qū),包括了大佛寺分區(qū)、沃洲天姥分區(qū)、十九峰分區(qū),涵蓋了浙東唐詩之路最精華的地段。目前,新昌以全域景區(qū)化為打造目標(biāo),依托主體景區(qū),大力開發(fā)唐詩文化修學(xué)旅游、佛教文化禪修旅游、茶香文化研學(xué)旅游,并挖掘名勝區(qū)內(nèi)“唐詩之路”沿線各點的成語典故、神話傳說等,打造了唐詩小鎮(zhèn)、唐詩風(fēng)情村、唐詩驛站,真正串點成線。

天姥連天向天橫,勢拔五岳掩赤城。

天臺四萬八千丈,對此欲倒東南傾。

我欲因之夢吳越,一夜飛度鏡湖月。

——《夢游天姥吟留別》()李白

天臺縣天臺山旅游景區(qū)

天臺山素以“佛宗道源、山水神秀”享譽海內(nèi)外。天臺山歷史悠久,文化深厚,有著獨特的“天臺山文化”。歷史上李白、杜甫、王維、孟浩然、白居易等或壯游或宦游,載酒揚帆,擊節(jié)高歌,盡情贊詠天臺山風(fēng)光,留下了大量詩篇。為積極打造詩路旅游目的地,天臺推出“研學(xué)天臺山詩路霞客行”、“雅望唐詩路”等活動,同時依托優(yōu)秀的研學(xué)平臺,讓更多的青少年通過誦詩、學(xué)詩、作詩等活動,走進美妙的唐詩世界。

龍樓鳳闕不肯住,飛騰直欲天臺去。

——《瓊臺》()李白

臨海臺州府城文化旅游區(qū)

臨海是浙東唐詩之路的樞紐地,素有“小鄒魯”和“文化之邦”之稱,東瀕東海、西接仙居、南連黃巖、北依天臺,隋唐以來一直是臺州府治所在地。

臺州府城文化旅游區(qū)位于臨海古城區(qū),由臺州府城墻、紫陽街、東湖、巾山4個主要景區(qū)組成,至今已有2000多年歷史,其中全國文物保護單位臺州府城墻,目前已被列入中國世界文化遺產(chǎn)預(yù)備名單。區(qū)域內(nèi)的巾山為浙東“唐詩之路”重要節(jié)點。府城堅持以文為基、以旅為業(yè),抓好文化產(chǎn)業(yè)大平臺建設(shè),計劃建唐詩之路展館、布唐詩文化長廊、立唐詩之路標(biāo)志性建筑。

家在雙峰蘭若邊,一聲秋磬發(fā)孤煙。

山連極浦鳥飛盡,月上青林人未眠。

——《臨海所居三首》()顧況

浙江神仙居景區(qū)

神仙居景區(qū)是仙居國家公園核心區(qū),國家級風(fēng)景名勝區(qū),國家5A級景區(qū)。神仙居因山中多石頭仙人——“仙之人兮列如麻”而得名。其東連浙東第一高峰括蒼山,景區(qū)內(nèi)負氧離子含量高,平均達每立方厘米2.1萬個,是名副其實的天然氧吧。得閑即是仙,行走其間,自在愉悅,這便是行走在神仙居的詩意感受。

移得仙居此地來,花叢自遍不曾栽。

庭前亞樹張衣桁,坐上新泉泛酒杯。

軒檻暗傳深竹徑,綺羅長擁亂書堆。

閑乘畫舫吟明月,信任輕風(fēng)吹卻回。

——《夏日山居》()魚玄機

杭州市拱宸橋橋西歷史文化街區(qū)

在風(fēng)華絕代的大運河畔,拱宸橋橋西歷史文化街區(qū)勾勒出一幅運河“人文水墨畫”。從晉代至清代,歷代文人在這條詩路上留下了千百首詩詞名篇。

街區(qū)占地面積7萬余平方米,商業(yè)面積1.5萬平方米,現(xiàn)有原住民316戶。自2017年起,街區(qū)著力于留住中外游客、繁榮文化產(chǎn)業(yè)、濃厚文化氛圍、提升街區(qū)品位的工作?,F(xiàn)在的街區(qū)融入了運河景色,中國刀剪劍博物館、中國扇博物館、手工藝活態(tài)館等博物館群落貫穿其中,胡同弄堂、民國景致、老廠舊址等散落各處。

茱萸的重九,不佩茱萸

登高的佳日,也未登高

詩友文朋卻來了不少

不上酒樓卻入了舒羽的

咖啡雅座,雕花的亭閣

斜對著拱宸大橋,兩側(cè)

拱起了陡坡,橋墩在中流

雄踞著趴蝮,龍生第六

遙望若獅,朦朧得驚人

橋影在窗格子外,那運河

水聲滔滔猶似一千多年前

今夕卻為現(xiàn)代詩配音

伴著眾詩人所誦:空山松子

白玉苦瓜,珍珠項鏈,三生石

為越海歸來的詩翁朗吟

……

——《拱宸橋詩會》()余光中

建德市梅城古鎮(zhèn)

“野曠天低樹,江清月近人”,“有家皆掩映,無處不潺湲”。梅城古鎮(zhèn)三江融匯,無數(shù)美不勝收的風(fēng)景給文人墨客帶來無盡的靈感。這里詩畫冠絕、享譽八方,有4800余首詩歌落地生根。梅城是孟浩然《宿建德江》實景地,陸游《劍南詩稿》刊刻地,李白的《酬崔侍御》、杜牧的《睦州四韻》都是膾炙人口的傳世佳作,形成了唯一的地方詩歌流派“睦州詩派”。2018年,梅城古鎮(zhèn)被評為“浙江省詩詞之鄉(xiāng)”。

移舟泊煙渚,日暮客愁新。

野曠天低樹,江清月近人。

——《宿建德江》()孟浩然

浙江莫干山風(fēng)景區(qū)

“竹、云、泉”是她的韻腳,“清、綠、涼”是她的句點,此番美景作伴,讓你不會寫詩也會吟。莫干山風(fēng)景區(qū)位于浙江德清縣境內(nèi),其中景區(qū)面積為36平方公里。風(fēng)景區(qū)劃分為四大景區(qū)一條景觀帶,即莫干山景區(qū)、天泉山景區(qū)、石頤寺景區(qū)、莫干湖景區(qū)、雙溪景觀帶,以竹海別墅為特色,具有觀光、休閑、度假、避暑和生態(tài)保護等功能。一千多年的開發(fā)史,使莫干山擁有豐富的人文景觀,眾多歷史名人為莫干山留下了難以計數(shù)的詩文、石刻、事跡,使之成為擁有豐富歷史遺存的文化名山。

翻身復(fù)進七人房,回首峰巒入莽蒼。

四十八盤才走過,風(fēng)馳又已到錢塘。

——《七絕·莫干山》()毛澤東

西塘古鎮(zhèn)

“旭日滿晴川,翩翩賈客船。千金呈百貨,跬步塞齊肩。”這是明代詩人周鼎眼中的《西塘?xí)允小?,生活氣息濃郁。春秋的水,唐宋的?zhèn),明清的建筑,這里的一磚一瓦都訴說著小鎮(zhèn)里的詩意生活。

西塘古鎮(zhèn)是運河沿線的重鎮(zhèn),其地勢平坦,河流密布,自然環(huán)境幽靜。鳥瞰全鎮(zhèn),處處綠波蕩漾,家家臨水入影,整座水鄉(xiāng)古鎮(zhèn)似詩如畫,人處其間,恍然桃源瓊瑤,不知是人在畫中游,還是畫在心中移。

西塘素以橋多、弄多、廊棚多而聞名,是運河詩路上“江南水鄉(xiāng)”的突出代表,也是專家研究“江南水鄉(xiāng)民俗文化”的重要基地、藝術(shù)家描繪“江南水鄉(xiāng)風(fēng)貌”的凈地,游客盡情享受“江南水鄉(xiāng)風(fēng)情”的勝地、原住民“安居樂業(yè)、發(fā)家致富”的聚財?shù)亍?/p>

旭日滿晴川,翩翩賈客船。

千金呈百貨,跬步塞齊肩。

——《西塘?xí)允小罚ǎ┲芏?/p>

蘭溪市諸葛八卦村

這里延續(xù)著諸葛亮的智慧,這里散落著李漁的閑適,八卦奇村,華夏一絕。作為錢塘江詩路的重要組成部分,金華境內(nèi)編織起詩人行跡圖、水系交通圖、遺產(chǎn)風(fēng)物圖、名城古鎮(zhèn)圖、婺學(xué)學(xué)脈圖,而蘭溪諸葛八卦村則是其中的重要歷史節(jié)點。

蘭溪諸葛八卦村是三國名相諸葛亮后裔的最大聚居地,有諸葛亮后裔3000多人,至今有保存完好的元、明、清建筑200多座。建筑物的個體和聚落群體保存完好,深刻體現(xiàn)了封建宗法制度的等級秩序;古商業(yè)建筑群,是反映明末清初社會從純農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟向商品經(jīng)濟發(fā)展這一歷史過程的難得史料,具有很高的歷史、科學(xué)和藝術(shù)價值,在錢塘江詩路的歷史文化研究上有重要意義。

夫君子之行,靜以修身,儉以養(yǎng)德。非淡泊無以明志,非寧靜無以致遠。夫?qū)W須靜也,才須學(xué)也,非學(xué)無以廣才,非志無以成學(xué)。淫慢則不能勵精,險躁則不能治性。年與時馳,意與日去,遂成枯落,多不接世,悲守窮廬,將復(fù)何及!

——《誡子書》()諸葛亮

楠溪江國家風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)

這里,讓謝靈運流連忘返;這里,是“山水詩的搖籃”。謝靈運任永嘉太守期間,在此留下了大量的山水詩,永嘉因此被譽為“中國山水詩的搖籃”。楠溪江則是永嘉最具代表性的風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)。

悠悠楠溪江融天然風(fēng)光和人文景觀于一體,以水秀、巖奇、瀑多、村古、灘林美而聞名遐邇,是中國國家級風(fēng)景區(qū)中唯一以山水田園風(fēng)光見長的景區(qū)。

我行窮水國,君使入京華。

相去日千里,孤帆天一涯。

臥聞海潮至,起視江月斜。

借問同舟客,何時到永嘉?

——《宿永嘉江寄山陰崔少府國輔》()孟浩然

衢州市南孔古城

衢州市南孔古城是“東南闕里”孔圣后裔的第二故鄉(xiāng),是徐霞客曾5次游歷的山水福城;是國際花園城市,“一座最有禮的城市”。

衢州地處浙江省西部、浙江母親河錢塘江的源頭,是錢塘江詩路上的一顆明珠,至今已有1800多年建城史,是儒學(xué)文化在江南的傳播中心,歷史上儒風(fēng)浩蕩、人才輩出。

梅子黃時日日晴,

小溪泛盡卻山行。

綠陰不減來時路,

添得黃鸝四五聲。

——《三衢道中》()曾幾

普陀山風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)

普陀山是詩人夢中幻化成仙的圣地,是??脱哉勚凶非蟮腻?,是中國佛教四大名山之一,是著名的觀音道場,素有“海天佛國”、“南海圣境”之稱。全島形似蒼龍臥海,現(xiàn)今全山開放有寺院共40多座,以普濟寺、法雨寺、慧濟寺和寶陀講寺最為著名。最大的地標(biāo)是總高33米的南海觀音大佛。

除了唐代詩人的著作外,自宋朝起,隨著舟山開放度的進一步提高,這里成了文人墨客、被貶政客的靈感之源。近年出版的《昌國詩詞》,收錄了自李唐到晚清與舟山有關(guān)的古詩詞253首,這其中還不包括已收錄于《普陀山詩詞全集》中有關(guān)普陀山、珞珈山的部分。

羈游那復(fù)恨,奇觀有南溟。

浪蹴半空白,天浮無盡青。

吞吐交日月,鴻洞戰(zhàn)雷霆。

醉后吹橫笛,魚龍亦出聽。

——《海中醉題》()陸游

縉云縣仙都景區(qū)

仙都景區(qū),山水神秀,素有“黃帝縉云,人間仙都”的美譽。景區(qū)因唐玄宗李隆基驚嘆“真乃仙人薈萃之都也”并乘興御書“仙都”兩字而得名。仙都由鼎湖峰、小赤壁、仙都觀、倪翁洞、朱潭山等五大景點組成。九曲練溪,十里畫廊,峰巖奇絕,人文薈萃,是融田園風(fēng)光與人文史跡為一體的國家級風(fēng)景區(qū)。

仙都是中國南方黃帝文化的輻射中心,有“天下第一筍”——鼎湖峰,“天下第一祠”——黃帝祠宇,留下了眾多文化傳說。仙都別具風(fēng)格的秀美山水被譽為“天然攝影棚”,有500多部影視作品曾在仙都取景拍攝。

黃帝旌旗去不回,空余片石碧崔嵬。

有時風(fēng)卷鼎湖浪,散作晴天雨點來。

天地茫茫成古今,仙都凡有幾人尋。

到來唯見山高下,只是不知湖淺深。

——《題縉云山鼎池二首》()徐凝

寧波溪口雪竇山風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)

寧波溪口雪竇山風(fēng)景名勝區(qū),位于寧波市奉化區(qū)西部。這里集聚了民國文化、彌勒文化、山水文化、生態(tài)文化,山清水秀、史跡紛呈,人文與自然相得益彰。

溪口風(fēng)景區(qū)為國家級風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)、國家5A級旅游景區(qū),按地理布局和資源特色,劃分為蔣氏故居和雪竇山兩大景區(qū),游覽面積達140平方公里。溪口風(fēng)景區(qū)的風(fēng)光讓無數(shù)文人墨客流連忘返,留下了許多著名篇章以及濃濃的書香。

拔地萬重清嶂立,懸空千丈素流分。

共看玉女機絲掛,映日還成五色文。

——《千丈巖瀑布》()王安石

In December 2019, Zhejiang issued a blueprint for developing a cultural belt of four poetry roads which formed in ancient times. The blueprint is designed to integrate cultural heritage with tourism resources. Here are some landmark tourism attractions along these four ancient poetry roads.

Yueju Opera Town in Shengzhou

Yueju Opera originated more than 100 years ago in Shengzhou, a pearl on the Poetry Road of the Tang in Eastern Zhejiang. Yueju Opera, now the second most popular opera genre second only to the Peking Opera, is celebrated for its lyrical melodies and poetic lines. The town aims to showcase the beauty of the regional opera and the splendor of the ancient poems penned by famous Tang poets such as Li Bai and Du Fu.

Tianmu Mountain in Xinchang

The mountain is made famous by Mount Skyland Ascended in a Dream—A Song of Farewell penned after a dream by Li Bai. The mountain is now the core of a national scene zone. Over the past few decades, Xinchang has been made famous among scholars largely because a scholar named Zhu Yuebing (1935-2019) in Xinchang is the first one who, in 1990, proposed the existence of the Poetry Road of the Tang in Eastern Zhejiang after thorough analyses of the poems written during the dynasty. After seven seminars held in Xinchang, scholars from all over the country agreed that there was really a poetry road in eastern Zhejiang.

Mount Tiantai

The mountain serves as the cradle for some very influential overseas sects of Buddhism in Japan, Korea and southeaster Asian countries. Quite a few poems were written in the Tang about the mount. Local tourism authorities now sponsor some programs for students to learn more about the cultural and historical past of Tiantai.

Ancient City of Taizhou

A central point on the Poetry Road of the Tang in Eastern Zhejiang, Linhai connects with many other tourism attractions in the region and neighboring regions. From the Sui Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty on, it was the capital of Taizhou Prefecture. The tourism attraction includes the city wall, Ziyang Street, the East Lake and the Jinshan, which can all be traced back to more than 2,000 years ago.

Shenxianju Scenic Zone

Shenxianju literally means the home where gods dwell. It is a national 5A tourism attraction. To the east is the Kuocang Mountain, the highest in eastern China. In addition to strange-looking peaks, clouds and pines, the zone also boasts crisp air rich in negative oxygen ions.

Historical and Cultural Block West

of Gongchen Bridge

The street block covers an area of 70,000 square meters. By the Grand Canal of China, the riverside block boasts hundreds of poems written about it since very ancient times. Since 2017, efforts have been made to promote the cultural industry and appeal to both Chinese and international tourists. The block hosts a series of museums featuring handicrafts such as knives, scissors, swords, fans. Some resident masters demonstrate their craftsmenship there. Also included in the zone are some old factory buildings.

Ancient Meicheng in Jiande

The scenic beauty of the ancient town on Xinan River gave rise to 4,800 poems including some by best known poets such as Meng Haoran, Li Bai, Du Fu, and Lu You. In 2018, the town was inscribed as a home of poetry of Zhejiang.

Mount Mogan

Developed as a summer resort for over 1,000 years, the mount is celebrated for bamboo forests, clouds and springs. Located in Deqing County in Northern Zhejiang, the 36-square-kilometer scenic zone consists of five zones close to each other. The western-styled villas in bamboo forests are a must for holidaymakers in hot summer days. The mount is full of sites of historical and cultural interests.

Xitang Town

Now a tourist attraction, Xitang was a prosperous canal town in the era of canal-dependant cargo shipping. Local historians claim that Xitang has a canal system that can be traced to the Spring & Autumn Period about 2,800 years ago, that Xitang first thrived as a canal town in the Tang and the Song and that Xitang now has a full array of houses built in the Ming and the Qing. As a tourism attraction, Xitang is celebrated for its bridges, lanes and covered riverside streets.

Eight-Village in Lanxi

The village is the largest settlement of the descendants of Zhuge Liang (181-234), the prime minister of the Shu State of the Three States Period (220-280) in the south of the Yangtze River Delta. The villagers surnamed Zhuge amount to 3,000. The village is home to over 200 well preserved buildings built respectively in the Yuan, the Ming and the Qing.

Nanxi River

Yongjia in southeastern Zhejiang is celebrated as the cradle of Chinas nature poems. Xie Lingyun wrote a large batch of poems that portray the natural splendors of the mountains and rivers while he served as governor there. Nanxi River is the most typical of the scenic beauty of Yongjia. Featuring the beauty of nature and rural life, Nanxi River stands out as only one of its kind among Chinas national scenic zones.

Quzhou City

Situated in the west of Zhejiang, Quzhou is the second hometown of the descendants of Confucius. Xu Xiake, a traveler of the Ming Dynasty, visited the city five times. From Quzhou flow waters that eventually empty into the Qiantang River. It is a pearl on the Poetry Road of the Qiantang River. The 1,800-year-old city is a center of Confucian studies in the south of the Yangtze River Delta.

Mount Putuo

One of the four major sacred lands of Buddhism in China, Putuo Island inspires poets dreams. Home to over 40 Buddhist temples, Putuo hosts the sanctum of Guanyin. A collection of poems about Putuo, part of Zhoushan Archipelago, anthologizes 253 poems dated from the Tang Dynasty up to the last decades of the Qing.

Xiandu in Jinyun County

Literally, Xiandu means City of Gods. The scenic zone is home to peaks and rivers and caves. It is a national scenic zone. Xiandu is also the center of Yellow Emperor in the countrys south. There is a memorial temple in honor of Chinas founding emperor. Xiandu boasts natural splendors which have appeared in more than 500 films.

Xuedou Mountain

The mountain is in Fenghua west of Ningbo. Xikou is part of the Xuedou Mountain Scenic Zone, a national 5A scenic attraction. Xikou is the birthplace of Chiang Kai-shek (1887-1975), the former leader of Kuomintang, which ruled China until it was defeated in 1949. His former residence is well preserved. Xuedou Mountain hosts the bodhimanda of Maitreya, the Buddha of future according to Buddhism doctrines.

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