方芳 潘丹 蔡軍波
[摘要] 目的 探討多烯磷脂酰膽堿聯(lián)合谷胱甘肽治療妊娠期肝內(nèi)膽汁淤積癥(ICP)患者的效果及對(duì)圍產(chǎn)結(jié)局的影響。方法 選取2015年1月~2018年12月ICP患者124例,隨機(jī)分為兩組。兩組均予以臥床休息、間斷吸氧、高滲葡萄糖、維生素C及能量合劑等治療。對(duì)照組在此基礎(chǔ)上予以多烯磷脂酰膽堿針15 mL靜脈滴注,1次/d;觀察組在對(duì)照組基礎(chǔ)上再加谷胱甘肽針2.4 g靜脈滴注,1次/d。兩組均連用2周。觀察兩組治療后臨床癥狀及血清生化指標(biāo)改善情況,并比較其圍產(chǎn)結(jié)局。 結(jié)果 治療2周后,兩組瘙癢評(píng)分均較治療前顯著下降(P<0.01或P<0.05),且觀察組下降幅度較對(duì)照組更明顯(P<0.05);觀察組黃疸和瘙癢消失時(shí)間明顯少于或短于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。治療2周后,兩組血清ALT、TBA和AST水平均較治療前明顯下降(P<0.01或P<0.05),且觀察組下降幅度較對(duì)照組更明顯(P<0.05)。同時(shí)觀察組宮內(nèi)窘迫、早產(chǎn)和新生兒窒息發(fā)生率明顯低于對(duì)照組,分娩出血量明顯少于對(duì)照組,新生兒體重明顯大于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 多烯磷脂酰膽堿聯(lián)合谷胱甘肽治療ICP患者不僅能明顯改善其臨床癥狀,降低肝酶指標(biāo)與膽汁酸水平,而且能降低發(fā)生不良圍產(chǎn)結(jié)局,有利于母嬰安全。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 妊娠期肝內(nèi)膽汁淤積癥;多烯磷脂酰膽堿;谷胱甘肽;圍產(chǎn)結(jié)局
[中圖分類號(hào)] R714.255? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2020)02-0016-04
Effect of polyene phosphatidylcholine combined with glutathione on patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and its influence on perinatal outcome
FANG Fang1? ?PAN Dan1? ?CAI Junbo2
1.Department of Gynecology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital in Zhejiang Province, Taizhou? ?318000, China; 2.Department of Oncological Surgery, Taizhou Municipal Hospital in Zhejiang Province, Taizhou? ?318000, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of polyene phosphatidylcholine combined with glutathione on patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and the influence of perinatal outcome. Methods A total of 124 patients with ICP from January 2015 to December 2018 were randomly divided into two groups. Both groups were treated with bed rest, intermittent oxygen, hypertonic glucose, vitamin C and energy mixture. On the basis of this, the control group was given an intravenous infusion of 15 ml of polyene phosphatidylcholine needle once a day. The observation group was treated with an intravenous infusion of 2.4 g of glutathione needle once a day based on the treatment of the control group. Both groups were used for 2 weeks. The improvement of clinical symptoms and serum biochemical parameters of two groups after treatment was observed, and the perinatal outcomes were compared. Results After 2 weeks of treatment, the pruritus scores of the two groups were significantly lower than those before (P<0.01 or P<0.05), and the decrease of the observation group was more significant than that of the control group (P<0.05). The disappearance time of jaundice and itching in the observation group was significantly less than or shorter than that of the control group (P<0.05). After 2 weeks of treatment, the serum levels of ALT, TBA and AST in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P<0.01 or P<0.05), and the decrease in the observation group was more significant than that in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of distress, premature delivery and neonatal asphyxia in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group. The amount of bleeding after delivery in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the weight of the newborn in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Polyene phosphatidylcholine combined with glutathione in the treatment of ICP patients can not only significantly improve their clinical symptoms, reduce liver enzymes and bile acid levels, but also reduce the occurrence of adverse perinatal outcomes, which is conducive to maternal and child safety.
[Key words] Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy of polyene phosphatidylcholine; Glutathione; Perinatal outcome
妊娠期肝內(nèi)膽汁淤積癥(Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy,ICP)是妊娠中晚期較少見的一種并發(fā)癥,主要表現(xiàn)為皮膚瘙癢和黃疸,極易發(fā)生胎兒宮內(nèi)窘迫、死胎、早產(chǎn)等,引起不良圍產(chǎn)結(jié)局[1-2]。ICP的病因及發(fā)病機(jī)制迄今無明確定論,臨床上尚無特效藥物[3-4]。多烯磷脂酰膽堿與谷胱甘肽均是治療ICP的常用藥物,但兩者聯(lián)用治療ICP的效果及對(duì)圍產(chǎn)結(jié)局的影響國內(nèi)外報(bào)道較少[5-6]。本研究分析多烯磷脂酰膽堿聯(lián)合谷胱甘肽治療ICP患者的效果及圍產(chǎn)結(jié)局的影響,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取2015年1月~2018年12月我院婦產(chǎn)科住院治療ICP患者124例。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[7]:①符合中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)婦產(chǎn)科學(xué)分會(huì)產(chǎn)科學(xué)組制定的《ICP診療指南》中的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[8];②妊娠中晚期,均為單胎。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[9]:①合并其他妊娠并發(fā)癥及全身性疾病者;②以往存在肝膽系統(tǒng)疾病。采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表分為兩組各62例。兩組年齡、孕周和病程等比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。見表1。
表1? ?兩組一般資料的比較(x±s)
1.2 方法
兩組均予以臥床休息、間斷吸氧、高滲葡萄糖、維生素C及能量合劑等治療。對(duì)照組在此基礎(chǔ)上予以多烯磷脂酰膽堿針(北京安萬特制藥有限公司,規(guī)格5 mL/232.5 mg,國藥準(zhǔn)字J20040114)15 mL+5%葡萄糖靜脈滴注,1次/d。觀察組在對(duì)照組基礎(chǔ)上再加谷胱甘肽針(重慶藥友制藥有限責(zé)任公司,規(guī)格:0.6 g/支,國藥準(zhǔn)字H20051600)2.4 g+5%葡萄糖靜脈滴注,1次/d。兩組均連用2周。觀察兩組治療后臨床癥狀及血清生化指標(biāo)改善情況,并比較其圍產(chǎn)結(jié)局。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
1.3.1 臨床癥狀改善情況? 包括瘙癢評(píng)分變化、黃疸和瘙癢消失時(shí)間。瘙癢評(píng)分采用5級(jí)評(píng)分法[10],分值區(qū)間為0~4分,分別為無瘙癢、偶爾瘙癢、輕度不頻繁瘙癢、時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)瘙癢及持續(xù)無緩解瘙癢。
1.3.2 血清生化指標(biāo)? 包括谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(Alanine transaminase,ALT)、膽汁酸(Total bile acid,TBA)和谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(Aspartic transaminase,AST)。采用日立7600型全自動(dòng)生化分析儀進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。
1.3.3 圍產(chǎn)結(jié)局? 包括宮內(nèi)窘迫、早產(chǎn)、新生兒窒息、分娩出血量和新生兒體重等。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS21.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行分析,計(jì)量資料以(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料以[n(%)]表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組治療前后瘙癢評(píng)分變化、黃疸和瘙癢消失時(shí)間比較
治療前兩組瘙癢評(píng)分比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療2周后,兩組瘙癢評(píng)分均較治療前顯著下降(P<0.01或P<0.05),且觀察組下降幅度較對(duì)照組更明顯(P<0.05)。觀察組黃疸和瘙癢消失時(shí)間明顯少于或短于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。見表2。
2.2 兩組治療前后血清ALT、TBA和AST水平比較
治療前兩組血清ALT、TBA和AST水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療2周后,兩組血清ALT、TBA和AST水平均較治療前明顯下降(P<0.01或P<0.05),且觀察組下降幅度較對(duì)照組更明顯(P<0.05)。見表3。
2.3 兩組治療后圍產(chǎn)結(jié)局比較
觀察組宮內(nèi)窘迫、早產(chǎn)和新生兒窒息發(fā)生率明顯低于對(duì)照組,分娩出血量明顯少于對(duì)照組,新生兒體重明顯大于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。見表4。
3 討論
ICP是妊娠中晚期特有的非常嚴(yán)重的并發(fā)癥,主要臨床表現(xiàn)為皮膚瘙癢和黃疸,伴有血膽汁酸升高和肝酶異常,一般在分娩后逐漸消失[11-12]。ICP的發(fā)病機(jī)制國內(nèi)外尚未完全闡明,可能與雌性激素過高、肝酶代謝發(fā)生異常、免疫異常、遺傳、環(huán)境污染等因素密切相關(guān)[13-15]。ICP患者本身的預(yù)后較好,一般情況下分娩后多種臨床癥狀會(huì)自行消退,但其對(duì)胎兒具有較嚴(yán)重的不良影響。ICP 孕婦由于膽酸代謝發(fā)生異常,膽鹽造成小膽管梗阻或膽汁酸發(fā)生逆流使膽汁流出受阻形成淤積,使得膽汁酸濃度急劇上升,引起胎盤的正常功能受損,主要危害是引起胎盤絨毛膜靜脈血管收縮,引起血管痙攣,降低胎兒組織器官的血流灌注,紅細(xì)胞攜氧量顯著下降,引起胎兒宮內(nèi)缺氧造成羊水污染、胎兒窘迫甚至早產(chǎn)等嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥,增加了不良圍產(chǎn)結(jié)局發(fā)生率,不利于母嬰安全,增加圍生兒發(fā)病率與死亡率,預(yù)后較差[16-19]。因此,對(duì)ICP患者予積極有效的藥物治療,對(duì)降低不良圍產(chǎn)結(jié)局具有十分重要的意義。
多烯磷脂酰膽堿是從大豆中的磷脂提煉獲取的,通過二亞油酰磷脂酰膽堿替換內(nèi)源性磷脂修復(fù)受損肝細(xì)胞膜及細(xì)胞器膜,改善膽汁淤積情況,加快受損肝功能逐漸恢復(fù)正常,繼而增強(qiáng)肝細(xì)胞膜的流動(dòng)性,有效調(diào)節(jié)膜結(jié)合酶系統(tǒng)的活性,抑制脂質(zhì)過氧化,降低氧自由基水平;提升谷胱甘肽還原酶、過氧化氫酶等酶的活性,加快肝臟的排毒能力;同時(shí)可將中性脂肪及膽固醇在體內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)換成易代謝分解的方式,改善膽汁淤積情況,加快膽汁的分泌,降低膽汁酸的濃度,減輕膽汁酸及代謝產(chǎn)物對(duì)肝臟細(xì)胞的影響,減輕肝臟壓力改善肝功能,恢復(fù)肝細(xì)胞的能量代謝平衡[20-21]。谷胱甘肽是一種代表性的三肽類型化合物,可參與人體內(nèi)糖代謝和三羧酸的循環(huán)過程,使人體獲得更多能量起輔酶作用;還可能激活機(jī)體中巰基酶,促進(jìn)蛋白質(zhì)、碳水化合物、脂肪的代謝,調(diào)節(jié)肝細(xì)胞膜和細(xì)胞器膜的能量代謝;并可結(jié)合有毒物質(zhì)將其轉(zhuǎn)變成無毒或毒性減少物質(zhì);還可通過轉(zhuǎn)丙氨基或轉(zhuǎn)甲基作用實(shí)現(xiàn)其對(duì)肝臟解毒、滅活激素等作用;保護(hù)并修復(fù)肝細(xì)胞,加快膽酸代謝[6]。多烯磷脂酰膽堿與谷胱甘肽的作用機(jī)制不同,兩藥聯(lián)用具有治療ICP的良好協(xié)同增效作用,從而提高治療效果,且不增加藥物的不良反應(yīng)。本研究顯示治療2周后,觀察組瘙癢評(píng)分下降幅度明顯高于對(duì)照組,黃疸和瘙癢消失時(shí)間明顯少于或短于對(duì)照組,且觀察組血清ALT、TBA和AST水平下降幅度較對(duì)照組更明顯。提示多烯磷脂酰膽堿聯(lián)合谷胱甘肽治療ICP患者能明顯改善其臨床癥狀,降低肝酶指標(biāo)與膽汁酸水平。同時(shí)研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),觀察組的宮內(nèi)窘迫、早產(chǎn)和新生兒窒息發(fā)生率明顯低于對(duì)照組,分娩出血量明顯少于對(duì)照組,新生兒體重明顯大于對(duì)照組。提示多烯磷脂酰膽堿聯(lián)合谷胱甘肽治療ICP患者能降低不良圍產(chǎn)結(jié)局的發(fā)生,有利于母嬰安全。
總之,多烯磷脂酰膽堿聯(lián)合谷胱甘肽治療ICP患者不僅能明顯改善其臨床癥狀,降低肝酶指標(biāo)與膽汁酸水平,而且能降低不良圍產(chǎn)結(jié)局的發(fā)生,有利于母嬰安全。但納入本次研究的病例數(shù)相對(duì)較少,必要時(shí)增加病例數(shù)進(jìn)行深入研究。
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(收稿日期:2019-01-22)