王松梅
(此課選自人教版《英語》七年級下冊Unit 8 When is your birthday 。)
美國著名作家和教育家L-Ron Hubbar先生的教育學(xué)理論認為:影響理解和應(yīng)用的最重要因素是詞匯。在英語學(xué)習(xí)中掌握詞匯數(shù)量的多少和運用詞匯的熟練程度對語言交際能力、閱讀能力和寫作能力的培養(yǎng)有著直接的影響。那么如何在課堂上幫助學(xué)生更有效地記憶單詞呢?
一、理論依據(jù)
Our memory is known as short term memory and long term memory, which is our capacity for recall of information minutes, weeks and years after the original input. Information stored in the memory falls into disuse unless it is activated fairly regularly. In other words, we need to practice and revise what we learn otherwise the new input will gradually fade in the memory and ultimately disappear. This is called the decay theory.If memory traces do gradually fade in the memory without regular practice then it is clearly necessary that we create opportunities in the classroom for students to practise what they have learned.
Recent trend in methodology have stressed the need for meaningful activities in the classroom. More meaningful tasks require learners to analyse and process language more deeply, which helps the students to commit information to long term memory. A students “personal investment” has a very positive effect on memorisation.
二、案例選材
本課話題為談?wù)撊掌冢硎鲎约夯蚣胰?、朋友的生日以及近期活動安排?/p>
三、案例分析
【Section A活動設(shè)計】
新授詞匯:12個月
(一)每日一報告
報告人借助日歷提示單人匯報,其他學(xué)生在聽后以相互問答的方式進行反饋。一方面訓(xùn)練學(xué)生通過聽來捕捉和記錄信息的能力,通過匯報和問答的方式訓(xùn)練說和輸出信息的能力;另一方面可以激活學(xué)生已有詞匯,預(yù)熱主題情境,以便自然進入話題,為學(xué)習(xí)新單詞和討論新話題打下伏筆。此環(huán)節(jié)設(shè)計是教師半控制下的活動,報告人事先有所準備(語言材料和問題設(shè)置),目的是使所呈現(xiàn)的語言材料更豐富和準確,所提出的問題更合理。
1.One student do a daily report in the front and others listen to him or her carefully, then the reporter or the students can ask one or more questions about the report one by one.
2.After that, the teacher can ask the last question “Which month is it now?” At the same time, show the big calendar including twelve months in class to learn twelve months.
Activity I Do a daily report
Ask and answer about the daily report as much as possible.
Eg.1.What day is it today?
2.Whats the date today?
3.Which month is it now?
4.Do you like this month?Why or why not?
5.Hows the weather today?
6.Who is not here today?
7.How many classes do we have today?
8.Are there any activities today?
(二)以“話題”為依托,螺旋上升,層層遞進
Activity II Talk about birthday
1.When is your birthday? (Work in pairs)
The teacher make a conversation with a student as an example, then work in pairs .
T:When is your birthday?
S:My birthday is in July.
2.When is her/his birthday?(work in groups with 4 students )
S1:When is your birthday?
S2:My birthday is in June.
S3:When is her/his birthday?
S4:Her/His birthday is in June.
3.Is her /his birthday in August?(work in groups with 6 students )
S1:When is your birthday?
S2:My birthday is in August?
S3:When is her/his birthday?
S4:Her/His birthday is in August?
S5:Is her/ his birthday in August?
S6:Yes, it is./ No, it isnt. Its in September.
學(xué)習(xí)單詞是一個過程。在教師的引導(dǎo)下,首先,通過簡單的對話感知12個月的音和意,同時教師糾正發(fā)音;然后4人小組會話,由討論自己的生日延伸到討論他人的生日,重復(fù)新詞;最后,6人小組會話,用不同的句式談?wù)撃恪⑽?、他的生日,學(xué)生自主地運用新詞,新舊詞匯交替出現(xiàn),循環(huán)往復(fù),但絕不是同一個詞的機械重復(fù),而是在使用不同的句式談?wù)摬煌娜?。當學(xué)生能辨認和理解一個詞,這個詞就成為被動詞匯(passive vocabulary),當學(xué)生能在聽和說中使用它,這個詞就從被動詞匯變成了主動詞匯(active vocabulary),詞匯教學(xué)的目的就是讓最普通的詞成為學(xué)生的主動詞匯。在這個循環(huán)往復(fù)中,12個月份應(yīng)該成為學(xué)生的積極詞匯。
Activity III A guessing game about months.
S1:Which month comes before February?
S2:January. J-A-N-U-A-R-Y . Which is the hottest month of a year?
S3:Do you like swimming? You can swim in this month and its not cold...
男女生PK參與活動,兩人背對白板(展示某個月份),下面的同伴描述這個月份,肢體和語言可以并用,還必須適當?shù)赜糜⒄Z交流互動,讓臺上伙伴猜出這個月份并拼寫該單詞。這個游戲的設(shè)計符合學(xué)生的年齡特點,更重要的是抓住了學(xué)生的興趣點,教師大膽放手,學(xué)生對12個月的記憶痕跡得到了強化。
此環(huán)節(jié)是開放性的活動生成部分。在了解一個詞的基本音形意后,在語境中循環(huán)使用它,擴展相關(guān)知識,可以強化對這個詞的理解和記憶。
【Section B活動設(shè)計】
新授詞匯: English test, school trip,party, basketball? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?game, soccer game, School Day, English Day.
(三)借圖說話,傳情達意
Activity I Get to know some events
1.Discuss these pictures
T:What can you see in the picture? What are they doing?
S:......
(showing some pictures one by one and talking about them as much as possible.)
2.Match the pictures with the events
(1)English test? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? (6)Book sale
(2)School trip? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?(7)English Day
(3)Party? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? (8)Art festival
(4)Basketball game? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? (9)Sports Day
改變思維模式,設(shè)計開放性活動,換種思維方式處理信息,學(xué)生對詞匯的學(xué)習(xí)已經(jīng)完全脫離書本,主動選擇,精心判斷,再次通過“用語言做事情”鞏固記憶所學(xué)詞匯。
Activity V Be the owner of my school
Finish the following form, then write a notice.
Dear students, We have many interesting and fun activities for you to do this term ......
通過“寫”的活動應(yīng)用所學(xué)詞匯。學(xué)生假設(shè)自己是某學(xué)校校長,為該校學(xué)生安排本學(xué)期的活動。學(xué)生四人一組討論方案,在組內(nèi)完成以上信息表,作為寫作提綱,然后以本課通知語篇為模板,寫一份學(xué)校通知。最后請一名學(xué)生朗讀,向全班發(fā)布。本活動目的是創(chuàng)造性地使用活動名稱及日期的表達法,促進語言的形成,同時提高學(xué)生的主人翁意識,培養(yǎng)合作精神。通過創(chuàng)造性的活動鼓勵學(xué)生用自己的想法做事情,這個活動具有很強的交際性,需要團隊合作完成,真正體現(xiàn)“用語言做事情”的教學(xué)真諦!
通過以上詞匯教學(xué)中的方法分析,希望能和大家一起交流英語詞匯教學(xué)的困惑與感悟,改變當下學(xué)生低效率的英語學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)狀,更希望能引起大家的思考,如何使我們的英語學(xué)習(xí)在科學(xué)的方法引導(dǎo)下取得事半功倍的效果,真正落實新課標實現(xiàn)學(xué)生英語學(xué)習(xí)方式的變革。初中英語詞匯教學(xué)是一項長期而又復(fù)雜的過程,需要英語教師在今后的教學(xué)中,根據(jù)教學(xué)對象的實際情況,取多家之長,靈活采用教學(xué)策略,不斷提高詞匯教學(xué)效率,促進學(xué)生更好地學(xué)習(xí)英語。
編輯/李夢迪