0.05);干預組及對照組干預后HAMA評分分別為(6.29±1.14)、(12.98±5"/>
劉中艷
【摘要】 目的:分析舒適化護理在乳腺癌術后康復中的臨床效果。方法:選取筆者所在醫(yī)院2016年1月-2019年6月收治的110例乳腺癌患者,均行乳腺癌根治術治療。按照隨機原則分為干預組(舒適化護理)和對照組(常規(guī)化護理),各55例。比較兩組術后焦慮狀態(tài)及護理滿意度情況。結果:干預組及對照組干預前HAMA評分分別為(14.87±5.02)、(14.71±5.98)分,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(t=0.152,P>0.05);干預組及對照組干預后HAMA評分分別為(6.29±1.14)、(12.98±5.87)分,干預組顯著低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(t=8.297,P<0.05);干預組護理滿意度為96.36%,高于對照組的83.64%,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(字2=4.949,P<0.05)。結論:舒適化護理能夠有效減輕乳腺癌術后患者的焦慮程度,提高護理滿意度,有利于術后康復,值得臨床推廣應用。
【關鍵詞】 舒適化護理 乳腺癌 術后康復 焦慮狀態(tài)
doi:10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2020.02.040 文獻標識碼 B 文章編號 1674-6805(2020)02-00-03
[Abstract] Objective: To analyze the clinical effect of comfortable nursing in post-operative rehabilitation of breast cancer. Method: A total of 110 patients with breast cancer admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to June 2019 were selected, all of whom received radical mastectomy for breast cancer. According to the random principle, patients were divided into the intervention group (comfortable nursing) and the control group (routine nursing), 55 cases in each group. Post-operative anxiety and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Result: HAMA scores before intervention in the intervention group and the control group was (14.87±5.02) and (14.71±5.98) points respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (t=0.152, P>0.05). After intervention, HAMA scores in the intervention group and the control group was (6.29±1.14) and (12.98±5.87) points respectively, and the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (t=8.297, P<0.05). The nursing satisfaction of the intervention group was 96.36%, which was higher than 83.64% of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (字2=4.949, P<0.05). Conclusion: Comfortable nursing can effectively reduce the anxiety degree of post-operative patients with breast cancer and improve nursing satisfaction, which is conducive to post-operative recovery and worthy of clinical application.
[Key words] Comfortable nursing Breast cancer Post-operative rehabilitation Anxiety state
First-authors address: Military Hospital of the 73rd Group of the PLA Army, Xiamen 361003, China
乳腺癌為臨床常見惡性腫瘤之一,發(fā)病率較高,多見于絕經前后的女性患者。手術是目前根治乳腺癌的有效方法,但不可避免會影響胸部美觀,且術后需要規(guī)律進行放化療,多數患者在生理及心理方面難以接受[1]。多數患者術后會表現(xiàn)出程度不等的焦慮狀態(tài)[2-3]。因此,在乳腺癌根治術后進行舒適化心理干預十分必要。本研究選取筆者所在醫(yī)院2016年1月-2019年6月收治的行乳腺癌根治術患者110例,分別進行常規(guī)護理及舒適化護理,分析兩種護理方式的效果,報道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取筆者所在醫(yī)院2016年1月-2019年6月收治的110例乳腺癌患者,均行乳腺癌根治術治療。排除標準:重要臟器病變。按照隨機原則分為干預組和對照組,各55例。對照組年齡44~65歲,平均(51.2±4.9)歲;雙側切除2例,單側切除53例。干預組年齡42~62歲,平均(49.1±4.8)歲;雙側切除1例,單側切除54例。兩組一般資料比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),有可比性。
1.2 方法
對照組采取常規(guī)護理,保持治療室采光充足、空氣流通、環(huán)境清潔、溫度及濕度舒適;負責護士密切觀察患者病情,配合醫(yī)生進行相關醫(yī)療操作;對患者及家屬進行健康宣教,消除患者緊張心理。干預組在對照組基礎上采取舒適化護理,措施如下:(1)環(huán)境舒適。創(chuàng)造安靜、支持性的治療環(huán)境,根據患者需求調節(jié)治療室溫度,保持治療室光線柔和,減少噪音源,周邊適當放置綠色植物。(2)心理疏導。宣講乳腺癌知識,告知患者乳腺癌可治可防,消除恐懼感。告知患者術后可能出現(xiàn)的并發(fā)癥及定期復查可早期預警乳腺癌術后復發(fā),借用成功的病例來提升患者的治療信心,消除焦慮、抑郁等心理問題。乳腺癌及術后復發(fā)可嚴重影響患者的情緒,使心理及身體承受較大痛苦,負責護士需對患者進行積極疏導,使患者感受到親和性并充滿信任感,構建和諧的醫(yī)患關系。(3)軀體化護理。術后疼痛及乳腺缺失是導致乳腺癌患者術后不適的主要表現(xiàn),護理人員應予對癥護理,協(xié)助醫(yī)生積極處理異常情況,減輕患者身體不適[4-5]。
1.3 觀察指標及評價標準
(1)采用漢密爾頓焦慮量表(Hamilton anxiety scale,HAMA)評估患者干預前后焦慮程度。HAMA包括14個焦慮指標,由軀體性和精神性2大類因子構成,所有指標采用0~4分的5級評分法,總分0~54分。HAMA總分≤7分,沒有焦慮;7分 1.4 統(tǒng)計學處理 采用SPSS 22.0統(tǒng)計學軟件進行分析,計量資料以(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗,計數資料以率(%)表示,采用字2檢驗,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。 2 結果 2.1 兩組干預前后HAMA評分比較 干預前,前兩組HAMA評分比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);干預后,干預組HAMA評分低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),見表1。 2.2 兩組護理滿意度比較 干預組護理滿意度顯著高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),見表2。 3 討論 乳腺癌根治術是治療乳腺癌的常見方式,可徹底切除腫瘤病灶,降低癌細胞轉移等風險,提高患者生存率[8]。但根治性切除手術會影響胸部外觀,且因手術及疾病本身可增加患者心理負擔,影響治療效果[9]。因此,對乳腺癌患者術后進行舒適化護理干預至關重要。舒適化護理體現(xiàn)“以患者為中心”的新時代優(yōu)質護理理念,是一種具有創(chuàng)造力、個性化、系統(tǒng)化的護理模式,能夠讓患者在社會、生理心理及精神世界中達到愉悅狀態(tài)[10]。本研究中采取舒適化護理后,干預組HAMA評分明顯較干預前降低,而采取常規(guī)護理的乳腺癌術后患者HAMA評分無顯著改善,充分證實舒適化護理的重要性。結果顯示,干預組護理滿意度顯著高于對照組,說明舒適化護理不僅可緩解患者焦慮狀態(tài),而且可提高患者治療后的滿意度。醫(yī)院通過開展舒適化護理模式,也使醫(yī)療質量進一步得到提高。 給予乳腺癌根治術后患者舒適化護理,能夠幫助患者改善負面心理,提高治療信心,讓患者及家屬了解病情及手術注意事項,提高術后治療效果及患者生活質量[11-13]。在舒適化護理過程中,護士能夠與患者及家屬進行及時、有效的溝通,為患者構建溫馨與舒適的診療環(huán)境,使患者心理和生理均得到放松,從而提高患者對護士診療工作的依從性,同時也提高了對護理工作的滿意度,對護理工作也起到了積極的正反饋作用[14-15]。 綜上所述,對乳腺癌根治術后患者開展舒適化護理,可明顯改善患者焦慮狀態(tài),通過加強護患溝通,幫助患者了解疾病,使患者在社會適應及生理方面達到愉悅狀態(tài),從而提高護理滿意度。 參考文獻 [1] Tucholka J L,Jacobson N,Steffens N M,et al.Breast cancer survivors perspectives on the role different providers play in follow-up care[J].Support Care Cancer,2018,26(6):2015-2022. [2] Tamaki K,F(xiàn)ukuyama A K,Terukina S,et al.Randomized trial of aromatherapy versus conventional care for breast cancer patients during perioperative periods[J].Breast Cancer Research and Treatment,2017,162(3):523-531. [3] Suzuki E,Mackenzie L,Sanson-Fisher R,et al.Acceptability of a touch screen tablet psychosocial survey administered to radiation therapy patients in Japan[J].International Journal of Behavioral Medicine,2016,23(4):485-491. [4] Rosenberg C A,F(xiàn)lanagan C,Brockstein B,et al.Promotion of self-management for post treatment cancer survivors:evaluation of a risk-adapted visit[J].Journal of Cancer Survivorship,2016,10(1):206-219. [5] Agarwal R R,Wallace A M,Madison S J,et al.Single-injection thoracic paravertebral block and postoperative analgesia after mastectomy:a retrospective cohort study[J].Journal of Clinical Anesthesia,2015,27(5):371-374. [6] Lang J W B,Lievens F,De Fruyt F,et al.Assessing meaningful within-person variability in Likert-scale rated personality descriptions:an IRT tree approach[J].Psychological assessment,2019,31(4):474-487. [7] Farchakh Y,Hallit S,Soufia M.Association between orthorexia nervosa,eating attitudes and anxiety among medical students in Lebanese universities:results of a cross-sectional study[J].Eating and Weight Disorders,2019,24(4):683-691. [8] Sharma B,Bhandari S S,Dutta S,et al.Study of sociodemographic correlates,anxiety,and depression among opioid dependents admitted in treatment centres in Sikkim,India[J].Open Journal of Psychiatry & Allied Sciences,2019,10(2):139-145. [9] Wang L,Yan J.Superficial synthesis of photoactive copper sulfide quantum dots loaded nano-graphene oxide sheets combined with near infrared(NIR) laser for enhanced photothermal therapy on breast cancer in nursing care management[J].Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B:Biology,2019,192:68-73. [10] Tang V,Zhao S,Boscardin J,et al.Functional status and survival after breast cancer surgery in nursing home residents[J].Journal of the American College of Surgeons,2018,153(12):1090-1096. [11]李選治,陳麗芬,顏雅紅,等.臨床護理路徑對乳腺癌首次化療患者提高生活質量的影響[J].中外醫(yī)學研究,2019,17(22):102-104. [12] Morris M,Cooper R L,Ramesh A,et al.Training to reduce LGBTQ-related bias among medical,nursing,and dental students and providers:a systematic review[J].BMC Medical Education,2019,19(1):325. [13] Czwikla J,Schulz M,Heinze F,et al.Needs-based provision of medical care to nursing home residents:protocol for a mixed-methods study[J].BMJ Open,2019,9(8):e025614. [14] Gerveieeha Z,Siassi F,Qorbani M,et al.The effect of different amounts of vitamin D supplementation on serum calcidiol,anthropometric status,and body composition in overweight or obese nursing women:a study protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial[J].Trials,2019,20(1):542. [15] Tan S,Pan L,Zhao H,et al.Perioperative nursing for immediate breast reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric perforator flap after breast cancer resection[J].Journal of thoracic disease,2018,10(7):4017-4022. (收稿日期:2019-09-03) (本文編輯:李盈)