1930年2月18日,美國天文學(xué)家克萊德·湯博(Clyde Tombaugh)發(fā)現(xiàn)了冥王星。到了2015年7月14日,經(jīng)過九年多的長途跋涉,新地平線號探測器終于飛掠冥王星,成為人類首顆造訪冥王星的探測器,人類也得以更進(jìn)一步了解這顆萌萌噠的星球。瞧,他正在向我們發(fā)出愛的訊息呢!
Pluto Encounter Is a Legacy of Our Generation
It finally happened. On Tuesday, the space probe[探測器] New Horizons注1 passed by a mere 7,800 miles from Pluto, the closest encounter ever with[邂逅,遇到] a world that is, on average, 3.7 billion miles from Earth.
It took nine years for the very fast probe to get there, something that Adam Frank estimated[估計(jì)] would take some 6,923 years by car “give or take[允許有小誤差] a few decades.”
The size of a grand piano, powered by 24 pounds of radioactive[放射性的] plutonium[(化學(xué))钚] dioxide[二氧化物], New Horizons runs on just 200 watts of power—about the same as a powerful light bulb.
The mission has transformed a distant icy dot—hardly resolved from Earth-based telescopes, and a smeared[污跡斑斑的] ball even from the daring[勇敢的] Hubble Space Telescope注2—into a true world, covered with remarkably[非常地] complex geology[地質(zhì)情況], including a mysterious belt of dark disks around its equator. Even more amazing, the dwarf planet “has sent a love note back to Earth”showing an enormous heart-shaped feature on its surface. Even discounting[忽視] our tendency for endearing[可愛的] images that give meaning to things that have none, it is a once in a lifetime event, capping[完成給…畫上最后的點(diǎn)睛之筆] an era[時(shí)代] of NASA -led space exploration that has taken probes to all of the major worlds in our solar system.
Distant, once inaccessible[難接近的] worlds are now familiar, their features and composition mapped and analyzed in great detail. All it takes is a computer with Internet connectivity to reveal their stunning[令人感到吃驚的] beauty. NASA has compiled[匯編] an incredible collection of images on its dedicated[專用的] website, which I suggest every family should share together in an after dinner activity.
The senior scientists working on the New Horizons mission grew up with vivid memories of Apollos lunar landings. They followed the lead of the previous Cold War generation by pushing the boundaries of knowledge into the confines[界限] of the solar system, creating one of the most meaningful legacies[遺產(chǎn)] of our generation—a testimony[證據(jù)] to what we can accomplish as we work together toward a common goal. I wonder what the children watching New Horizonsflyby[飛近探測] will accomplish as they join the ranks of future space explorers.
終于等到了!星期二這天,新地平線號太空探測器在距離冥王星僅7800英里(約為12552.88公里)處掠過,這也是有史以來我們同這個(gè)與地球平均距離為37億英里(約59.5億公里)的世界的最親密接觸。
這個(gè)速度飛快的探測器花費(fèi)了九年時(shí)間才到達(dá)那里,而亞當(dāng)·弗蘭克估測說,如果開車的話大概要用6923年,“誤差也就幾十年上下?!?/p>
擁有一架三角鋼琴大小的體積,由24磅(約為10.89公斤)放射性二氧化钚作為動(dòng)力能源,新地平線號飛行使用的功率只有200瓦——大約相當(dāng)于一個(gè)大功率燈泡。
這個(gè)任務(wù)將一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)而冰冷的小點(diǎn)——地面望遠(yuǎn)鏡幾乎觀測不到,甚至連英勇的哈勃空間望遠(yuǎn)鏡也只能看到一個(gè)臟兮兮的球體——轉(zhuǎn)變成了一個(gè)真實(shí)的星球,覆蓋其表面的地質(zhì)情況極其復(fù)雜,包括其赤道周圍一圈神秘的深色盤狀環(huán)帶。更令人吃驚的是,這顆矮行星“向地球發(fā)回了一個(gè)愛的便條”,其表面呈現(xiàn)出一個(gè)巨大的心形。即便是忽略掉我們美化圖像并給事物賦予原本不存在的意義的傾向,這依然是個(gè)一生難得一遇的大事。發(fā)送探測器到我們太陽系的所有主要星球后,美國航空航天局(NASA)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的空間探索時(shí)代至此圓滿結(jié)束。
那些遙遠(yuǎn)的、曾經(jīng)難以企及的星球如今正為人熟知,它們的特征和構(gòu)成都被仔細(xì)勘察繪圖和分析,所需要的不過是一臺連接了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的電腦來展現(xiàn)他們那無與倫比的美麗。美國航空航天局已經(jīng)在其專門的網(wǎng)頁上匯編了超級龐大的圖像資料,我建議每個(gè)家庭都應(yīng)該在某個(gè)晚餐后的活動(dòng)上共同分享。
那些為新地平線號任務(wù)工作的資深科學(xué)家們還清楚地記得當(dāng)年阿波羅號在月球上著陸的情形。他們跟隨著從前冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期的領(lǐng)導(dǎo),將知識的邊界推進(jìn)至太陽系的界限,創(chuàng)造出了我們這一代最有意義的遺產(chǎn)——證明了當(dāng)我們?yōu)榱艘粋€(gè)共同目標(biāo)一起工作時(shí),我們能夠取得怎樣輝煌的成就。我想知道現(xiàn)在的孩子們看著新地平線號飛近探測冥王星,未來當(dāng)他們加入太空探索者的行列時(shí),又會(huì)取得怎樣的成就。
注1:新地平線號探測器(New Horizons),是美國國家航空航天局(NASA)于2006年1月19日發(fā)射升空的冥王星探測器。
注2:哈勃空間望遠(yuǎn)鏡(Hubble Space Telescope)是在地球軌道上并且圍繞地球的太空空間望遠(yuǎn)鏡,于1990年4月24日在美國成功發(fā)射。
注3:克萊德·威廉·湯博(Clyde William Tombaugh,1906—1997),美國天文學(xué)家,1930年根據(jù)其他天文學(xué)家的預(yù)測,發(fā)現(xiàn)了冥王星。