鄒超斌 胡松 文新平 朱厚梅 鞠萍 毛擁軍
[摘要] 目的 探討老年隱匿性高血壓(MH)病人長時(shí)血壓變異性與左心室肥厚的相關(guān)性。
方法 選取老年體檢者102例,根據(jù)診室血壓及7 d家庭自測(cè)血壓,將受試者分為正常血壓組(NH組)65例和MH組37例。所有受試者均通過超聲心動(dòng)圖檢測(cè)左心室舒張末期內(nèi)徑(LVDd)、舒張末期室間隔厚度(IVST)、左心室后壁厚度(LVPW)、左心室質(zhì)量(LVM)、左心室質(zhì)量指數(shù)(LVMI)等指標(biāo)。
結(jié)果 MH組診室收縮壓、自測(cè)收縮壓、自測(cè)舒張壓、自測(cè)收縮壓變異性、自測(cè)舒張壓變異性、LVDd、LVPW、LVM、LVMI均顯著大于NH組(t=3.448~28.928,P<0.05)。MH組自測(cè)收縮壓變異性與LVDd、LVPW、LVM、LVMI呈正相關(guān)(r=0.336~0.600,P<0.01)。MH組病人自測(cè)收縮壓變異性是LVDd、LVM、LVMI的獨(dú)立影響因素。
結(jié)論 與正常血壓人群相比,老年MH病人長時(shí)血壓變異性升高,并與左心室肥厚呈正相關(guān)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 隱性高血壓;老年人;血壓測(cè)定;血壓監(jiān)測(cè),便攜式;心臟擴(kuò)大;危險(xiǎn)因素
[中圖分類號(hào)] R544.1;R541.3
[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼] A
[文章編號(hào)] 2096-5532(2020)03-0265-05
doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2020.56.044
[開放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識(shí)碼(OSID)]
[網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版] http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/37.1517.R.20200320.1519.006.html;2020-03-23 13:42:46
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LONG-TERM BLOOD PRESSURE VARIABILITY AND LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH MASKED HYPERTENSION
\ ZOU Chaobin, HU Song, WEN Xinping, ZHU Houmei, JU Ping, MAO Yongjun
\ (Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qindao University, Qingdao 266100, China)
[ABSTRACT]\ Objective\ To investigate the association between long-term blood pressure variability and left ventricular hypertrophy in elderly patients with masked hypertension (MH).
\ Methods\ A total of 102 elderly patients who underwent physical examination were enrolled, and according to the blood pressure measured in the consulting room and the results of 7 day home blood pressure monitoring, they were divided into normal pressure group with 65 patients and MH group with 37 patients. Echocardiography was performed for all patients to monitor left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVDd), end-diastolic interventricular septal thickness (IVST), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPW), left ventricular mass (LVM), and left ventricular mass index (LVMI).
\ Results\ Compared with the normal pressure group, the MH group had significantly higher systolic pressure measured in the consulting room and systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, systolic blood pressure variability, diastolic blood pressure variability, LVDd, LVPW, LVM, and LVMI measured at home (t=3.448-28.928,P<0.05). In the MH group, systolic blood pressure variability measured at home was positively correlated with LVDd, LVPW, LVM, and LVMI (r=0.336-0.600,P<0.01), and systolic blood pressure variability measured at home was an independent influencing factor for LVDd, LVM, and LVMI.
\ Conclusion\ Compared with the population with normal blood pressure, the elderly patients with MH have greater long-term blood pressure variability, which is positively correlated with left ventricular hypertrophy.
[KEY WORDS]\ masked hypertension; aged; blood pressure determination; blood pressure monitoring, ambulatory; cardiomegaly; risk factors
隱匿性高血壓(MH)是指診室血壓正常而診室外血壓異常升高的一種臨床現(xiàn)象。PICKERING于2002年首次提出了MH的概念。目前國際上大多
數(shù)高血壓指南將MH定義為:在未進(jìn)行降壓治療的
個(gè)體中,診室血壓<18.62/11.79 kPa,24 h平均血壓
≥17.29/10.64 kPa和(或)日間平均血壓≥17.96/11.30 kPa和(或)夜間平均血壓≥15.96/9.31 kPa;或者家庭血壓監(jiān)測(cè)(HBPM)的診斷閾值為≥17.96/11.30 kPa[1-2];在接受降壓治療的病人中,則定義為隱匿性未控制的高血壓。近年來越來越多的研究表明,MH具有與持續(xù)性高血壓(SH)相似的靶器官損
害和心血管病風(fēng)險(xiǎn),MH才逐漸引起臨床醫(yī)生的注意。隨著具有存儲(chǔ)功能的自動(dòng)電子血壓計(jì)的普及,HBPM在高血壓管理中的作用日益突出,該法能有效提高高血壓的知曉率、控制率及高血壓診斷的準(zhǔn)確性,可以有效鑒別白大衣高血壓及MH,同時(shí)可以觀察比診室血壓及24 h動(dòng)態(tài)血壓更長時(shí)間的血壓變異情況[3]。左心室結(jié)構(gòu)異常是高血壓靶器官亞臨床損害的表現(xiàn)之一。既往研究表明,MH病人左心室肥厚患病率明顯高于正常血壓人群[4-6]。但是目前有關(guān)老年MH病人長時(shí)血壓變異性(BPV)與靶器官損害的研究較少。本研究旨在探討老年MH病人長時(shí)BPV與左心室肥厚的相關(guān)性?,F(xiàn)將結(jié)果報(bào)告如下。
1 資料和方法
1.1 一般資料
選擇2018年8月—2019年6月在我院下屬社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心體檢的老年體檢者102例。均排除繼發(fā)性高血壓、糖尿病、腦卒中、慢性心力衰竭、心肌梗死、免疫性疾病、感染性疾病、嚴(yán)重肝腎疾病、惡性腫瘤及長期臥床者。所有受試者均簽署知情同意書。根據(jù)家庭自測(cè)血壓和診室血壓將受試者分為兩組,其中MH組37例,正常血壓組(NH組)65例。高血壓的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):在未使用降壓藥物的情況下,非同日3次測(cè)量診室血壓,收縮壓(SBP)≥18.62 kPa和(或)舒張壓(DBP)≥11.97 kPa[2]。MH的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):診室血壓<18.62/11.97 kPa,家庭自測(cè)血壓≥17.96/11.30 kPa[7-9]。兩組年齡、性別、吸煙史、體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(BMI)、三酰甘油(TG)、膽固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)、谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(ALT)、谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(AST)、空腹血糖、血清肌酐等比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表1。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 診室血壓的測(cè)量 囑受檢者坐位休息至少5 min,然后由經(jīng)過專業(yè)培訓(xùn)的醫(yī)務(wù)人員使用電子血壓計(jì)(型號(hào)為HEM-7136)測(cè)量其優(yōu)勢(shì)手上臂血壓3次,每次間隔1 min,連續(xù)測(cè)量3 d,取平均值。
1.2.2 家庭自測(cè)血壓測(cè)量 所有受試者及其至少一名親屬接受家庭血壓測(cè)量培訓(xùn),經(jīng)考核合格后,提供每位受檢者1臺(tái)通過國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)認(rèn)證的并且具有記憶功能的上臂式全自動(dòng)電子血壓計(jì)(型號(hào)為HEM-7136)。每天測(cè)量時(shí)間段為6:00—9:00、17:00—21:00,早上測(cè)量在起床后1 h之內(nèi)、劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)前、早餐前、排尿之后;晚上測(cè)量則需在晚餐后、睡覺之前進(jìn)行。每次測(cè)量前靜坐休息5 min,早晚各測(cè)量2次,每次測(cè)量2遍,間隔1~2 min,連續(xù)測(cè)量7 d[2]。去除第1天的血壓測(cè)量值,將以后6 d連續(xù)血壓測(cè)量值的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差作為長時(shí)BPV。
1.2.3 超聲心動(dòng)圖檢查 應(yīng)用彩色多普勒超聲診斷儀,測(cè)定左心室舒張末期內(nèi)徑(LVDd)、舒張期室間隔厚度(IVST)及左心室后壁厚度(LVPW),連續(xù)測(cè)定3個(gè)心動(dòng)周期,計(jì)算其平均值。根據(jù)Decerux公式,計(jì)算左心室質(zhì)量(LVM)和左心室質(zhì)量指數(shù)(LVMI)。左心室肥厚的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):LVMI>125 g/m2(男)及LVMI>110 g/m2(女)。
1.2.4 實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查 清晨采集空腹靜脈血5 mL,應(yīng)用全自動(dòng)生化分析儀檢測(cè)LDL-C、HDL-C、TG、TC、空腹血糖、ALT、AST、血清肌酐等。
1.2.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 應(yīng)用SPSS 24.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。計(jì)量資料以±s表示,組間比較采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn);相關(guān)分析采用Pearson相關(guān)分析,多因素分析采用多元線性逐步回歸分析。以P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組診室血壓及家庭自測(cè)血壓比較
與NH組比較,MH組診室SBP、自測(cè)SBP、自測(cè)DBP、自測(cè)收縮壓變異性(SBPV)、自測(cè)舒張壓變異性(DBPV)均明顯升高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=3.675~28.928,P<0.05);兩組診室DBP比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=1.179,P>0.05)。見表2。
2.2 兩組超聲心動(dòng)圖參數(shù)的比較
MH組LVDd、LVPW、LVM、LVMI均明顯高于NH組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=3.448~8.449,P<0.05);兩組IVST比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=0.428,P>0.05)。見表3。
2.3 MH病人BPV與左心室各參數(shù)的相關(guān)性分析
Pearson 相關(guān)分析顯示,MH病人自測(cè)SBPV與LVDd、LVPW、LVM、LVMI均呈正相關(guān)(r=0.336~0.600,P<0.01)。
2.4 MH病人左心室肥厚影響因素的多元線性逐步回歸分析
分別以MH組病人的LVDd、LVPW、IVST、LVM、LVMI為因變量,自測(cè)SBP、自測(cè)DBP、自測(cè)SBPV、自測(cè)DBPV、年齡、BMI、吸煙史、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、空腹血糖、ALT、AST、血清肌酐為自變量進(jìn)行多元線性逐步回歸分析,分析結(jié)果顯示,自測(cè)SBPV為 LVDd、LVM和LVMI的獨(dú)立影響因素。見表4。
3 討論
由于缺乏典型的臨床特征,MH常常容易被忽略。有橫斷面研究結(jié)果顯示,由于研究對(duì)象的年齡、地域、種族及對(duì)MH定義的不同,MH患病率存在顯著差異,在8%~49%之間[10-16]。MH對(duì)靶器官的損害更不易被察覺。既往研究結(jié)果表明,MH對(duì)靶器官的損害與SH相似,主要包括心、腎、腦等靶器官不同程度的損害[17];同時(shí),MH比正常血壓人群更容易進(jìn)展為SH[18],是強(qiáng)有力的血管事件預(yù)測(cè)因子[5,19-20]。近年來,隨著家庭自動(dòng)電子血壓監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)的成熟和普及,MH及其導(dǎo)致的靶器官損害也越來越引起人們的關(guān)注。
目前評(píng)估診室外血壓的方式主要包括HBPM和動(dòng)態(tài)血壓監(jiān)測(cè)(ABPM)。研究表明,與診室血壓相比,HBPM具有以下的優(yōu)勢(shì):①能夠識(shí)別白大衣高血壓和MH;②能夠提供比診室更放松的測(cè)量環(huán)境;③能夠增強(qiáng)病人積極參與自我血壓管理的意識(shí);④能夠提供更長時(shí)間的血壓測(cè)量值;⑤能夠更好地預(yù)測(cè)靶器官損害和心血管事件,并提供更加準(zhǔn)確的心血管危險(xiǎn)分層[21]。有研究結(jié)果顯示,HBPM與日間ABPM在正常血壓閾值、重現(xiàn)性、診斷白大衣高血壓和MH的準(zhǔn)確性及預(yù)后價(jià)值方面存在良好的一致性[10,22-23],二者可以互為補(bǔ)充;與ABPM相比,HBPM還具有費(fèi)用低、可重復(fù)性好、易推廣等優(yōu)點(diǎn);HBPM不僅能夠提供更加精確的血壓讀數(shù),減少降壓藥物的過度使用,提高病人的治療依從性和高血壓的控制率,同時(shí)還可以評(píng)估更長時(shí)間的血壓變異程度,有利于高血壓病人的長期隨訪,從而為監(jiān)測(cè)血壓的長期變化提供了一種有效的方式。在過去的10年里,HBPM被越來越多的高血壓管理指南推薦用于高血壓管理的臨床實(shí)踐中[1,10,24]。
BPV是指一定時(shí)間內(nèi)血壓的變化程度,通常使用一段時(shí)間內(nèi)多次血壓測(cè)量值的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差、變異系數(shù)表示。根據(jù)血壓測(cè)量時(shí)間段的長短可將BPV分為短時(shí)[25]和長時(shí)血壓變異。其中長時(shí)變異包括數(shù)日、數(shù)月、數(shù)年甚至更長時(shí)間的血壓變異情況,血壓測(cè)量次數(shù)及準(zhǔn)確性、動(dòng)脈壁的彈性、氣候變化、降壓藥物的使用等均可對(duì)其造成影響[26-27]。BPV監(jiān)測(cè)模式包括診室血壓測(cè)量、ABPM以及HBPM,不同的測(cè)量方法和測(cè)量時(shí)間間隔都會(huì)對(duì)BPV產(chǎn)生影響。有研究認(rèn)為,HBPM可以提供長時(shí)血壓變化的信息,在高血壓靶器官損傷發(fā)生和惡化的判斷中起著重要和獨(dú)立的作用[28-30]。CACCIOLATI等[31]根據(jù)診室血壓和家庭自測(cè)血壓將1 701例老年人分為NH組、白大衣高血壓組(WCH組)、MH組、SH組進(jìn)行研究,結(jié)果顯示,MH組的BPV均明顯高于NH組及WCH組,而與SH組相似。本研究結(jié)果也顯示,MH組病人的長時(shí)BPV顯著高于NH組。
ROTHWELL等[32]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),BPV是高血壓靶器官損害和心血管事件的獨(dú)立預(yù)測(cè)因子。有研究表明,與獨(dú)立的血壓水平相比,長時(shí)BPV在靶器官損害的進(jìn)展中具有較高的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值[33],增大的BPV不僅與心、腦及血管的損害有關(guān),還可能增加心血管事件和死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[34-35]。STERGIOU等[36]在對(duì)BPV變化的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),HBPM對(duì)心血管事件發(fā)生的評(píng)估價(jià)值比診室血壓測(cè)量和24 h ABPM更具有實(shí)用性。MATSUI等[37]對(duì)未使用降壓藥物高血壓病人的研究同樣表明,HBPM的BPV增高與心血管損害具有相關(guān)性。HOSHIDE等[38]研究也發(fā)現(xiàn),家庭自測(cè)血壓的日間BPV與心血管病、卒中以及總死亡率的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有關(guān)。
在本研究中,MH組病人的BPV明顯增高,而且LVDd、LVPW、LVM、LVMI也較NH組明顯升高。相關(guān)及回歸分析結(jié)果顯示,MH病人自測(cè)SBPV與LVDd、LVM、LVMI呈正相關(guān),是左心室肥厚獨(dú)立的危險(xiǎn)因素。表明MH病人長時(shí)BPV明顯升高會(huì)導(dǎo)致左心室肥厚的發(fā)生。
總之,MH是一種常見的高血壓狀態(tài),具有與SH相似的靶器官損害和心血管危險(xiǎn)性,然而,MH病人常因診室血壓正常而不易被識(shí)別,臨床上易被漏診,預(yù)后差。家庭自測(cè)血壓可以彌補(bǔ)診室血壓監(jiān)測(cè)的不足,其推廣應(yīng)用有利于及早識(shí)別、診斷MH,并進(jìn)行早期的干預(yù)治療,提高M(jìn)H的治療率及控制率,阻止其進(jìn)展為SH,這對(duì)預(yù)防MH病人心、腦、腎等靶器官損害,提高其生活質(zhì)量具有重要意義。
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
[1]WILLIAMS B, MANCIA G, SPIERING W, et al. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension[J].? Kardiol Pol, 2019,77(2):71-159.
[2]《中國高血壓防治指南》修訂委員會(huì). 中國高血壓防治指南2018年修訂版[J].? 心腦血管病防治, 2019,19(1):6-49.
[3]王繼光. 2019中國家庭血壓監(jiān)測(cè)指南[J].? 診斷學(xué)理論與實(shí)踐, 2019,27(3):258-262.
[4]CUSPIDI C, SALA C, TADIC M, et al. Untreated masked hypertension and subclinical cardiac damage: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].? American Journal of Hypertension, 2015,28(6):806-813.
[5]CUSPIDI C, FACCHETTI R, QUARTI-TREVANO F, et al. Incident left ventricular hypertrophy in masked hypertension[J].? Hypertension, 2019,74(1):56-62.
[6]SEKOBA NP, KRUGER R, LABUSCHAGNE P, et al. Left ventricular mass independently associates with masked hypertension in young healthy adults: the African-PREDICT study[J].? J Hypertens, 2018,36(8):1689-1696.
[7]SHARMAN J E, HOWES F, HEAD G A, et al. How to measure home blood pressure: recommendations for healthcare professionals and patients[J].? Australian Family Physician, 2016,45(1):31-34.
[8]PARK S, BURANAKITJAROEN P, CHEN C H, et al. Expert panel consensus recommendations for home blood pressure monitoring in Asia: the Hope Asia Network[J].? Journal of Human Hypertension, 2018,32(4):249-258.
[9]KARIO K, PARK S, BURANAKITJAROEN P, et al. Gui-
dance on home blood pressure monitoring: a statement of the HOPE Asia Network[J].? Journal of Clinical Hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2018,20(3):456-461.
[10]WHELTON P K, CAREY R M, ARONOW W S, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on clinical practice guidelines[J].? Hypertension, 2018,71(6):1269-1324.
[11]MANCIA G, FAGARD R, NARKIEWICZ K, et al. 2013 ESH/ESC guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)[J].? European Heart Journal, 2013,34(28):2159-2219.
[12]WANG Y C, SHIMBO D, MUNTNER P, et al. Prevalence of masked hypertension among US adults with nonelevated clinic blood pressure[J].? American Journal of Epidemiology, 2017,185(3):194-202.
[13]ATES I, ALTAY M, KAPLAN M, et al. Relationship between socioeconomic level, and the prevalence of masked hypertension and asymptomatic organ damage[J].? Medical Science Monitor, 2015,21:1022-1030.
[14]OMBONI S, ARISTIZABAL D, DE LA SIERRA A, et al. Hypertension types defined by clinic and ambulatory blood pressure in 14 143 patients referred to hypertension clinics worldwide. Data from the Artemis study[J].? Journal of Hyper-tension, 2016,34(11):2187-2198.
[15]RIZZONI D. Masked hypertension: how to identify and when to treat[J]?? High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention: the Official Journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension, 2016,23(3):181-186.
[16]TRACHSEL L D, CARLENR F, BRUGGER N, et al. Masked hypertension and cardiac remodeling in middle-aged endurance athletes[J].? J Hypertens, 2015,33(6):1276-1283.
[17]ESEME M, ASIL S, YAVUZ B, et al. Masked hypertension is associated with end organ damage in geriatric age: Geriatric MASked Hypertension and End organ damage (G-MASH-End organ Study)[J].? Blood Press, 2019. doi:10.1080/08037051.2019.1675475.
[18]CACCIOLATI C, HANON O, DUFOUIL C, et al. Categories of hypertension in the elderly and their 1-year evolution: the three-city study[J].? J Hypertens, 2013,31(4):680-689.
[19]MWASONGWE S, MIN Y I, BOOTH J N, et al. Masked hypertension and kidney function decline: the Jackson Heart Study[J].? Journal of Hypertension, 2018,36(7):1524-1532.
[20]SATOH M, ASAYAMA K, KIKUYA M, et al. Long-term stroke risk due to partial white-coat or masked hypertension based on home and ambulatory blood pressure measurements: the ohasama study[J].? Hypertension, 2016,67(1):48-55.
[21]STERGIOU G S, ASAYAMA K, THIJS L, et al. Prognosis of white-coat and masked hypertension: International database of home blood pressure in relation to cardiovascular outcome[J].? Hypertension, 2014,63(4):675-682.
[22]HODGKINSON J, MANT J, MARTIN U, et al. Relative effectiveness of clinic and home blood pressure monitoring compared with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in diagnosis of hypertension: systematic review[J].? BMJ (Clinical Research ed.), 2011,342:d3621.
[23]SHIMAMOTO K, ANDO K, FUJITA T, et al. The Japanese society of hypertension guidelines for the management of hypertension (JSH 2014)[J].? Hypertension Research: Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension, 2014,37(4):253-390.
[24]CLOUTIER L, DASKALOPOULOU S S, PADWAL R S, et al. A new algorithm for the diagnosis of hypertension in Canada[J].? The Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 2015,31(5):620-630.
[25]MADDEN J M, OFLYNN A M, DOLAN E, et al. Short-term blood pressure variability over 24 h and target organ damage in middle-aged men and women[J].? J Hum Hypertens, 2015,29(12):719-725.
[26]HOCHT C, DEL MAURO J S, BERTERA F M, et al. Drugs affecting blood pressure variability: an update[J].? Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2015,21(6):744-755.
[27]PARATI G, OCHOA J E, LOMBARDI C, et al. Assessment and interpretation of blood pressure variability in a clinical setting[J].? Blood Pressure, 2013,22(6):345-354.
[28]HARA A, TANAKA K, OHKUBO T, et al. Ambulatory versus home versus clinic blood pressure: the association with subclinical cerebrovascular diseases: the Ohasama Study[J].? Hypertension, 2012,59(1):22-28.
[29]STERGIOU G S, NTINERI A, KOLLIAS A A, et al. Blood pressure variability assessed by home measurements: a systematic review[J].? Hypertension Research, 2014,37(6):565-572.
[30]USHIGOME E, FUKUI M, HAMAGUCHI M, et al. Factors affecting variability in home blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes: post hoc analysis of a cross-sectional multicenter study[J].? Journal of Human Hypertension, 2014,28(10):594-599.
[31]CACCIOLATI C, TZOURIO C, HANON O. Blood pressure variability in elderly persons with white-coat and masked hypertension compared to those with normotension and sustained hypertension[J].? American Journal of Hypertension, 2013,26(3):367-372.
[32]ROTHWELL P M, HOWARD S C, DOLAN E, et al. Effects of beta blockers and calcium-channel blockers on within-individual variability in blood pressure and risk of stroke[J].? Lancet Neurology, 2010,9(5):469-480.
[33]MASUGATA H, SENDA S, MURAO K, et al. Visit-to-visit variability in blood pressure over a 1-year period is a marker of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in treated hypertensive patients[J].? Hypertension Research: Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension, 2011,34(7):846-850.
[34]ARASHI H, OGAWA H, YAMAGUCHI J I, et al. Impact of visit-to-visit variability and systolic blood pressure control on subsequent outcomes in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease (from the HIJ-CREATE substudy)[J].? The American Journal of Cardiology, 2015,116(2):236-242.
[35]DIAZ K M, TANNER RM, FALZON L, et al. Visit-to-visit variability of blood pressure and cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].? Hypertension, 2014,64(5):965-982.
[36]STERGIOU G S, NASOTHIMIOU E G. Home monitoring is the optimal method for assessing blood pressure variability[J]. ?Hypertension Research: Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension, 2011,34(12):1246-1248.
[37]MATSUI Y, ISHIKAWA J, EGUCHI K, et al. Maximum value of home blood pressure: a novel indicator of target organ damage in hypertension[J].? Hypertension, 2011,57(6):1087-1093.
[38]HOSHIDE S, YANO Y, MIZUNO H, et al. Day-by-day variability of home blood pressure and incident cardiovascular di-
sease in clinical practice: the J-HOP study (Japan morning surge-home blood pressure)[J].? Hypertension, 2018,71(1):177-184.
(本文編輯 馬偉平)
[收稿日期]2019-09-07; [修訂日期]2020-02-20
[基金項(xiàng)目]國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(31571829)
[第一作者]鄒超斌(1992-),男,碩士研究生。
[通信作者]毛擁軍(1964-),男,博士,主任醫(yī)師,博士生導(dǎo)師。E-mail:mmc168@126.com。