蔣建平

感知·素養(yǎng)解讀

在每個人的生活中，很多活動都不是孤立進(jìn)行的，時時處處都需要家人和朋友的參與和幫助。《考試大綱》及課標(biāo)中家庭、朋友與周圍的人主題涉及的主要內(nèi)容有：（1） Family and relatives （grandparents， parents， brother， sister， aunt， uncle， cousin， son， daughter， etc.）;（2） Friends （close neighbour， schoolmate， classmate， roommate， team-mate， etc.）;（3） Other people （neighbour， local shopkeeper， teacher， colleague， etc.）。

高考英語書面表達(dá)對本主題的考查主要涉及人與人之間的關(guān)系、矛盾沖突和問題的解決、社會政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等方面社會交往類話題。常以社交禮儀、社會價值觀、文化碰撞等為元素，多包含友誼、信任、尊重和感恩等內(nèi)容。在介紹人物時，描寫年齡、外貌、性格是常見的考點(diǎn)。如果是寫普通人，可能要求寫一封推薦信;如果是寫名人，重點(diǎn)可能會在受教育程度、突出成就以及事業(yè)發(fā)展上。

探究·語庫構(gòu)建

I.語境串記

Sightseeing in the United Kingdom

After the wedding， my cousin and his wife went to the United Kingdom for nationwide sightseeing. He faxed a letter to me in English yesterday. To my delight， he no longer made any tense error. And his description 1.________（rough） clarified my questions about the UK—its currency， its administration， the institution which divides it into four provinces， and the historical conflicts and quarrels when Southern Ireland 2.________（break） away from the UK.

Unwilling 3.________（leave） out any attraction， my cousin arranged his enjoyable journey carefully. One 4.________（attract） place he visited was a castle in the countryside of Scotland， 5.________ lies near a port. It used to be the headquarters of the Communism Union 6.________ broke down during the war. 7.________（find） nothing could take the place of this splendid architecture， people accomplished rebuilding it in 1952. It was to their credit 8.________ all furnished rooms are consistent with what they used to be. My cousin was thrilled by its collections consisting of statues plus royal uniforms 9.________（fold） in glass tanks. Though there was no 10.________（possible） to buy some of these exhibits， it was convenient to take photos， which he sent me along with his fax.

英國觀光

我的表弟和他妻子在舉辦了婚禮后到聯(lián)合王國做全國旅游觀光去了。他昨天傳真了一封英文信給我，讓我高興的是，他再也不犯時態(tài)錯誤了，而且他的描述也粗略地向我闡明了關(guān)于英國的一些問題——它的貨幣啦，行政管理啦，把它分成四個行政區(qū)的制度啦，還有在南愛爾蘭脫離聯(lián)合王國時發(fā)生的一些歷史上的沖突和爭拗。

因?yàn)椴辉敢饴┑羧魏我粋€景點(diǎn)，我表弟仔細(xì)地安排了他愉快的旅程。他參觀的其中一個吸引人的地方是蘇格蘭鄉(xiāng)村的一個城堡。城堡靠近一座港口，曾經(jīng)是共產(chǎn)主義聯(lián)盟會的總部，但是在戰(zhàn)爭中倒塌了。人們發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有任何東西可以取代這座輝煌的建筑，于是在1952年完成了重建。值得贊揚(yáng)的是，所有配備家具的房間都和它們過去一致的。由雕像加折疊在玻璃柜里的皇家制服組成的收藏品使我表弟震撼不已。盡管沒有可能購買這些展覽品，拍照卻很方便，他在傳真中一起發(fā)給了我。

II.素材積累

（一）閱讀詞匯整合（明其義）

學(xué)習(xí)與理解下列單詞或短語

【核心單詞】

1.marry結(jié)婚;娶;嫁

2.raise養(yǎng)育;教育（子女）

3.considerate體貼的

4.overweight胖的

5.slim苗條的

6.intelligent有才智的

7.embarrass使尷尬

8.creative有創(chuàng)造力的

9.energetic精力充沛的

10.efficient辦事高效率的

【高頻短語】

1.make ones acquaintance結(jié)識某人;熟識

2.be ready to help others樂于助人

3.be bored with？厭煩

4.be fed up with 受夠了

5.have fun with拿……開心

6.make fun of取笑;拿……開心

7.have a gift for 有……的天賦

8.bring up養(yǎng)育; 撫養(yǎng); 養(yǎng)大

9.suffer from... 患上……

10.major in 以……為專業(yè)

11.be skilled in 在……方面熟練

12.be experienced in 在……方面有經(jīng)驗(yàn)

13.be in good health/shape/condition 身體健康

14.graduate from...? 從……畢業(yè)

【主題整合】

家人和親戚：

1.parent父親;母親;（pl.）雙親;祖先

2.grandparents祖父母;外祖父母

3.grandfather爺爺;外公

4.grandmother？奶奶;外婆

5.grandchild？（外）孫子或?qū)O女

6.grandson孫子;外孫

7.granddaughter？（外）孫女

8.uncle叔;伯;舅;姑父;姨父

9.aunt嬸;伯母;舅媽;姑媽;姨

10.nephew侄子;外甥

11.niece侄女;外甥女

12.cousin堂（表）兄弟;堂（表）姐妹

13.stepfather？繼父

14.stepmother？繼母

15.father-in-law岳父;公公

16.mother-in-law岳母;婆婆

17.brother-in-law姐（妹）夫;小叔;大伯

18.sister-in-law？嫂子;弟媳

19.daughter-in-law兒媳

20.relative親屬;親戚

21.ancestor祖先;祖宗

朋友和周圍的人：

1.neighbour鄰居;鄰人

2.acquaintance熟人;相識

3.monitor班長

4.stranger陌生人

5.director主任

6.headteacher班主任;中小學(xué)校長

7.headmaster（中小學(xué)）校長

8.villager村民

9.roommate室友;舍友

10.elder長輩;老人;父輩

11.president總統(tǒng);董事長;大學(xué)校長

12.a boy with great ability能干的男孩

13.a qualified teacher一名合格的教師

關(guān)系特征：

1.forgive原諒

2.trust相信;信任

3.inherit繼承（傳統(tǒng)、遺產(chǎn)、權(quán)利等）

4.admirable值得贊賞的;可欽佩的

5.accompany陪同;陪伴

6.associate使聯(lián)合

7.understand （v.）理解;領(lǐng)會

understanding（n.）理解

8.precious？珍貴的

9.conscience良心;良知

10.promote？促進(jìn);提升

11.fight n.& vi.打架;打斗

12.friction摩擦

13.prejudice偏見;成見

14.tension 緊張局勢

15.divorce？離婚

16.be to blame 應(yīng)受責(zé)備

17.play a trick on捉弄某人;對某人惡作劇

（二）寫作詞匯運(yùn)用（悉其用）

根據(jù)漢語提示或所給單詞的正確形式完成句子。

1. I know you have trouble in making friends. However， the situation is easy to change if you________________ （采納我的建議）.

2. We should be kind to one another， which is essential to enjoy a________________ （和諧的）life.

3. As far as I'm concerned，________________ （建立良好的人際關(guān)系）， we should trust each other first.

4. She makes a promise that she will behave herself and________________ （樹立好的榜樣）to her schoolmates.

5. I hope we can________________ （保持聯(lián)系） each other so that we can communicate with each other to know more about the Chinese and British culture.

6. We should keep calm no matter what happens in the future， and only in this way can we deal with things correctly and________________（維護(hù)好我們的友誼）.

7. All I am， or can be， I________________ （歸功于）my angel mother.

8.Without________________ （confident） there is no friendship.

9. She is so________________ （樂觀） and outgoing that she is not only expert at communicating with others but also gets along well with others， for she is always ready to help others.

10. If she won the election， she would________________ （不遺余力） to serve classmates as well as organize more after-class activities to enrich our school life.

（三）核心句型表達(dá)（精于表）

根據(jù)要求翻譯下列句子。

1. 在這兩星期期間，我們一起學(xué)習(xí)，一起生活，這使我們有機(jī)會促進(jìn)友誼。

譯法一：（非限制性定語從句）

________________________________________________________________

譯法二：（并列句）

________________________________________________________________

2. 眾所周知，當(dāng)孩子們長大的時候，他們與父母進(jìn)行知心交談的時間更少了。

譯法一：（定語從句）

________________________________________________________________

譯法二：（主語從句）

________________________________________________________________

3. 你在上一封來信里談到了你最近對學(xué)習(xí)的擔(dān)憂，同時提到了你的同桌經(jīng)常因?yàn)閱柲銌栴}而打擾你的學(xué)習(xí)。

譯法一：（并列句）

________________

譯法二：（現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語）

________________________________________________________________

4.同學(xué)之間的友誼是如此的獨(dú)特，以致于它是沒有經(jīng)過雕琢，沒有經(jīng)過打磨的。

譯法一：（用so…that句型）

________________________________________________________________

譯法二：（非謂語動詞作狀語）

________________________________________________________________

實(shí)踐·主題測評

知識維度診斷評價

I.單句填空

1. As we all know，________ （make） friends can help us establish good interpersonal relationships， and build a harmonious society.

2. Ever since I graduated from high school twenty years ago， I________ （be） in touch with my English teacher.

3. Just________? the saying goes， “One tree doesnt make a forest”， our success is based on cooperating with others.

4. He is not easy-going or open-minded. So its________ （challenge） to get along well with him.

5. She regarded the diary as her close friend，________? which she conveyed/expressed her strong desire for living a normal life.

6. He wonders________? it is because her friends are so concerned about her that she has calmed herself down.

7. I find it is________? great honour for me to have the chance to study with so many excellent students， some warm-hearted， some diligent and some kind.

8. He is always ready to help us when we are in trouble，________ （especial） when we come across some difficulties in our English studies.

9. You had a long talk with me face to face and let me know the________ （important） of study.

10.After class， I learned from the teacher that my deskmate would have dropped out of school if he________（help） by others.

II.單句改錯

1. As a teacher， she is kind， helpful and patient， because all of us like her.________

2. I believe it is this from my father which leads to my outstanding character.________

3. Since I was born， you were always patient with me and care about me.________

4. I still remember when I was in Grade 8， I hated study and made many trouble at school.________

5. You even spent most of your free time help me with my study.________

6. Im sorry to hear that you have decided to leave home because your conflict with your parents.________

7. They found ways to deal with the problem， but the bullying finally stopped.________

8. I found that work with children with special needs changed my life forever.________

9. However， shouts， cries and noises are encouraged here because theyre signs of excitements and different ways of communicating for these disabled children.________

10. I believe everyone should get out and do something that makes the difference.________

III.語篇填詞

選用所給單詞的正確形式填空，使短文意思完整。

grow， give， accompany， share， deliver， spend， stick， meaning， go， deep

The Power of Friendship

The language of friendship is not words but 1.________， said by Henry D. Thoreau. He told us friendship 2.________ by peoples inner moving instead of saying how________? ?3.________ our affection is.

Everyone will have friends from his birth on. Your parents are your first friends in a sense. They will do their best to help you go onto the right orbit of life like good friends. When you? ? ?4.________ up， you will contact with real friends at school or someplace else. You will find the people who stand by you when you are in trouble are always your best friends. As you become old， someone will 5.________ you on a walk and chat with you in the park. Its not your children but your friends with similar age. Its the power of friendship.

On the contrary， the people who you most want 6.________ with about your good news are your best friends， too. Do you still remember the guy who 7.________ you the answer when you got 8.________ in questions？ Do you still remember the happy time you________9.________ together for the birthday？ Yes， as the saying 10.________， a friend walks in when the rest of the world walks out. Its the power of friendship.