王春遠 劉成桂
摘要:目的? 了解成都市某三甲醫(yī)院健康體檢兒童維生素D狀況,為臨床合理補充維生素D提供理論依據(jù)。方法? 回顧性分析2016年12月1日~2019年2月29日在成都市婦女兒童中心醫(yī)院體檢并進行常規(guī)血清25羥基維生素D檢測的兒童,采用ADVIA centaur XP 全自動化學發(fā)光免疫分析儀以化學發(fā)光方法分析不同年齡、性別及季節(jié)健康體檢兒童的血清25羥基維生素D水平。結(jié)果? ①兒童血清25羥基維生素D水平為(60.83±24.30)nmol/L,女性兒童25羥基維生素D水平為(59.35±23.24)nmol/L,男性兒童25羥基維生素D水平為(61.70±24.87)nmol/L,其中18.44%的兒童存在25羥基維生素D缺乏,16.91%的兒童存在25羥基維生素D不足,64.66%的兒童25羥基維生素D處于正常水平。②不同年齡兒童的25羥基維生素D缺乏率隨著年齡的增加而增加,<1歲齡兒童25羥基維生素D缺乏率最低,>6歲兒童25羥基維生素D缺乏率最高,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。③不同季節(jié)兒童25羥基維生素D缺乏率不同,其中冬季最高,其次為春季和秋季,夏季最低,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論? 成都市兒童25羥基維生素D存在不同程度的缺乏,且存在年齡季節(jié)和性別差異。建議相關(guān)部門定期監(jiān)測兒童25羥基維生素D水平,合理補充維生素D,促進兒童健康發(fā)育。
關(guān)鍵詞:25羥基維生素D;化學發(fā)光法;維生素缺乏;維生素不足
中圖分類號:R153.2? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文獻標識碼:A? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2020.15.041
文章編號:1006-1959(2020)15-0133-03
Abstract:Objective? To understand the vitamin D status of children in a health checkup in a tertiary hospital in Chengdu, and provide a theoretical basis for clinically reasonable vitamin D supplementation.Methods? A retrospective analysis of children who had a physical examination and routine serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D test at Chengdu Womens and Childrens Central Hospital from December 1, 2016 to February 29, 2019 was performed using the ADVIA centaur XP automatic chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer for chemical analysis. Luminescence method was used to analyze the serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels of children of different ages, genders and seasons during physical examination.Results? ①The level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D in childrens serum is (60.83±24.30) nmol/L, the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in female children is (59.35±23.24) nmol/L, and the level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D in male children is (61.70±24.87) nmol/L among them, 18.44% of children had 25-hydroxy vitamin D deficiency, 16.91% of children had 25-hydroxy vitamin D deficiency, and 64.66% of children had 25-hydroxy vitamin D at a normal level.②The 25-hydroxy vitamin D deficiency rate of children of different ages increases with age. The 25-hydroxy vitamin D deficiency rate of children <1 year old was the lowest, and the 25-hydroxy vitamin D deficiency rate of children> 6 years old is the highest, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).③The 25-hydroxy vitamin D deficiency rates of children in different seasons were different, with the highest in winter, followed by spring and autumn, and the lowest in summer, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion? There are varying degrees of deficiency of 25-hydroxy vitamin D in children in Chengdu, and there are differences in age, season and gender. It is recommended that relevant departments regularly monitor children's 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels, and reasonably supplement vitamin D to promote healthy development of children.
此外,維生素D的缺乏存在年齡差異[12,13]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,無論是男性兒童還是女性兒童,6歲以上兒童的缺乏率最為嚴重,>6歲的兒童25(OH)D缺乏率在男性兒童和女性兒童分別為36.31%和43.40%。0~1歲齡兒童25(OH)D缺乏率最低,僅為2.22%(男性兒童)和0(女性兒童),這可能與本研究樣本量較少,特別是女性兒童較少有關(guān)。我國目前兒保規(guī)定嬰兒在出生后2周開始補充維生素D至2歲。這就促使人們忽略了后期兒童維生素D的補充。維生素D對兒童身體健康發(fā)育具有重要作用,它可以促進成骨形成,并預防兒童佝僂病的發(fā)生。因此充足的維生素D對兒童的身體健康以及發(fā)育尤為重要,應引起足夠的重視。但目前我國尚缺乏大規(guī)模多中心,多年齡層次的兒童維生素D水平的調(diào)查研究。因此,本研究分析了我院0~18歲兒童的維生素D狀況,對臨床合理補充維生素D具有指導意義。
兒童維生素D的缺乏亦存在季節(jié)差異,本研究結(jié)果顯示,不同季節(jié)兒童25(OH)D缺乏率不同,夏秋季兒童25(OH)D缺乏率最低,分別為9.98%和12.67%。冬春季節(jié)兒童25(OH)D缺乏率則較高,分別為29.21%和26.93%,這與已有報道基本一? ? ? 致[14,15]。這可能是由于夏秋季成都太陽照射比較多,兒童參加戶外活動也相對較多,通過太陽照射而獲得的維生素D也較多。而冬春季節(jié)成都地區(qū)陰雨天氣比較多,這使得通過陽光照射產(chǎn)生維生素D的途徑缺失,這也提醒兒童家長應該在冬春季節(jié)適量增加維生素D的補充。
目前維生素D缺乏是世界范圍內(nèi)普遍存在的問題,成都地區(qū)由于其特殊的地理氣候特點,維生素D缺乏更為嚴重,特別是>6歲的兒童。兒童的青春發(fā)育期是人體迅速生長發(fā)育的關(guān)鍵時期,也是繼嬰兒期后人生第二個生長發(fā)育的高峰期,因此,大齡兒童維生素D缺乏的后果同樣嚴重,大年齡兒童的維生素D的補充也應引起高度重視。此外,醫(yī)務工作者也應做好廣泛的宣傳教育工作,積極開展各年齡段維生素D補充劑量的科普知識宣傳工作,使維生素D 的補充劑量科學、合理。
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收稿日期:2020-06-27;修回日期:2020-07-06
編輯/成森